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Topic: Berengar of Ivrea

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	Berengar at AllExperts
		Berengar was the name of two related rulers of northern Italy in the 10th century.
		Berengar of Ivrea, sometimes called Berengar* II of Italy, was King of Italy from 950 to 961.
		*Berengar of Toulouse (died 835), called the Wise, was count of Toulouse (from 816) and Barcelona (from 832).
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/be/berengar.htm (239 words)

	Berengar of Friuli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 888, Berengar succeeded in convincing the Italian nobility to proclaim him King of Italy, even though there certainly were other options for the title.
		Chaos had struck as the first Magyar invasions had commenced and Berengar's defeat at their hands near the Brenta river in 899 caused the nobility to question his ability to protect Italy.
		Pavia was sacked in 924, and the same year Berengar was murdered by one of his own men, possibly at the instigation of Rudolf.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Berengar.htm (569 words)

	Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the death ( 950), possibly by poisoning, of Lothair of Arles, the Italian throne was inherited by a woman, Adelaide of Italy, the respective daughter, daughter-in-law, and widow of the last three kings of Italy.
		A local noble, Berengar of Ivrea, declared himself king of Italy, abducted Adelaide, and tried to legitimize his reign by forcing Adelaide to marry his son Adalbert.
		After Otto left Rome and reconquered the Papal States from Berengar, however, John became fearful of the emperor's power and sent envoys to the Magyars and the Byzantine Empire to form a league against Otto.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Otto_I_the_Great (1183 words)

	Berengar II of Italy at AllExperts
		The Lombard Berengar of Ivrea (?-966), sometimes also referred to as Berengar II of Italy, was marquess of Ivrea.
		Berengar was deposed by Otto, and Northern Italy came under direct control of the Holy Roman Empire.
		John's subsequent negotiations with Berengar caused Otto to depose the pope and capture and imprison Berengar in Germany (963).
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/be/berengar_ii_of_italy.htm (344 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ivrea, Italy (Italian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Berengar II, one of its rulers, was briefly king of Italy (mid-10th cent.).
		Ivrea passed to the house of Savoy in the 14th cent.
		The city is dominated by a picturesque castle (14th cent.), which has four red brick towers.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/Ivrea.html (200 words)

	35th Generation (cont.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner, appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed the title of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his first wife having died in 946.
		Berengar was captured and taken to Germany, and in 964 a revolt of the Romans against Leo VIII was suppressed.
		After Lothair died in 950, Berengar of Ivrea, his old rival, seized the Italian throne and imprisoned Adelaide in April 951 at Garda.
	boazfamilytree.com /gneville/aqwg77.htm (1889 words)

	States of the Church
		Berengar was the last to receive the imperial crown before the founding of the Roman Empire of the German Nation.
		At Rome itself the greatest influence was won by the family of the later Counts of Tusculum, which traced its descent to the senator and dux, Theophylactus, and whose power was for a time represented by the wife of Theophylactus, Theodora (called Senatrix or Vesteratrix), and her daughters Marozia and Theodora the Younger.
		The necessary condition for the coöperation of emperor and pope was their common opposition to Berengar.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/states_of_church.html (12050 words)

	Vikings and Feudal Europe 900-1095 by Sanderson Beck
		Berengar was defeated south of Milan in 923 and was murdered by a vassal the next year.
		Ivrea count Berengar was accused of taking large amounts of the tribute raised for the Magyars and of being responsible for Lothair's death; but in December 950 Berengar and his oldest son Adalbert were crowned co-kings of Italy at Pavia.
		Berengar surrendered to the siege and was banished to Bavaria.
	www.san.beck.org /AB17-FeudalEurope.html (23987 words)

	Liutprand of Cremona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When Hugh died in exile in 947, leaving his son and co-king Lothair on the throne, Liutprand became confidential secretary to the actual ruler of Italy, Berengar II, marquess of Ivrea.
		In 949 Berengar sent Liutprand as ambassador to the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.
		After his return to Pavia, Liutprand quarrelled with Berengar, king since Lothair's death in 950, and in 955 left Italy for the German court of Berengar's rival, King Otto (later Emperor Otto I the Great).
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/L/Liutprand_of_Cremona.html (321 words)

	ADDRESS - LoveToKnow Article on ADDRESS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The young widow, remarkable for her character and beauty, was seized by Lothair's successor, Berengar II., margrave of Ivrea, who, angered probably at her refusal to marry his son Adalbert and thus secure his title to the Italian kingdom, kept her in close confinement at Como.
		It is valuable only for the latter years of the empress, after she had retired from any active share in the world's affairs.
		The rest of her life is merely outlined, though her adventures in escaping from Berengar are treated in more detail.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AD/ADDRESS.htm (2760 words)

	Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Otto I the Great ( November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of Germany and arguably the first Holy Roman Emperor.
		Ludolf and Henry independently invaded northern Italy to take advantage of the sitution, but in 951 Otto frustrated his son's and his brother's ambitions by invading Italy himself, forcing Berengar to swear fealty, and then, having been widowed since 946, marrying Adelaide.
		Meanwhile, Italy was again in political turmoil, and when Berengar occupied the northern Papal States, Pope John XII asked Otto for assistance.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Otto_I (1005 words)

	Berengar II. \| THG Lexikon
		Berengar war der Sohn des Markgrafen Adalbert I. von Ivrea und Gisela, Tochter des Unruochingers Berengar I., und damit ein Nachkomme Karls des Großen.
		Der brachte Berengar durch Verhandlungen dazu, 952 als Vasall Ottos I. um Augsburger Reichstag zu kommen.
		Als Berengar den Markgrafen Azzo in Canossa belagerte, schickte Otto ein Heer unter seinem zwischenzeitig wieder in die Huld aufgenommenen Liudolf.
	www.thgweb.de /lexikon/Berengar_II. (468 words)

	S Y N T H E S I S - The Achievements of Otto the Great
		Berengar also captured Adelaide and attempted to force her to marry his son.
		But despite the rather speculative nature of his military expedition, Otto I eventually defeated Berengar II and basked in the glory of an episode which, had he not intervened, may have effectively reduced him to sidelines of medieval European history.
		Berengar of Friuli, had attempted to undermine the power of the Germany monarchy, although by 961, Otto had suppressed his relatively confined rebellion and proved his worth to a highly grateful papacy.
	www.rosenoire.org /articles/hist5.php (2712 words)

	Berengar II d' Ivrea King of Italy
		Berengar II d'Ivrea, King of Italy gained the title of King Berengar II of Italy in 950.
		John's subsequent negotiations with Berengar caused Otto to depose the pope and imprison Berengar in Germany (963).
		Berengar married Willa di Toscana, daughter of Boson di Toscana Marchese di Toscana and Willa II di Borgogna, before 936.
	www.delmars.com /family/perrault/7069.htm (229 words)

	AllRefer.com - Italy : History : Medieval Italy, Italy (Italian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		From 888 to 962 Italy was nominally ruled by a series of weak kings and emperors including Guy of Spoleto, Berengar I of Friuli, Louis III of Burgundy, and Berengar II of Ivrea.
		The Magyars plundered N Italy, and in the south the Arabs seized (917) Sicily and raided the mainland.
		In 961, heeding an appeal by the pope for protection against Berengar II, the German king Otto I invaded Italy.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/Italy-history-medieval-italy.html (597 words)

	35th Generation (cont.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner, appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed the title of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his first wife having died in 946.
		Berengar was captured and taken to Germany, and in 964 a revolt of the Romans against Leo VIII was suppressed.
		After Lothair died in 950, Berengar of Ivrea, his old rival, seized the Italian throne and imprisoned Adelaide in April 951 at Garda.
	www.boazfamilytree.com /gneville/aqwg77.htm (1889 words)

	Berengar of Friuli - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		His rival, Guido of Spoleto, tried to outmaneuver him by having Pope Stephen VI crown him Emperor, as well as crowning both him and his son Lambert of Spoleto as King.
		Fortunately for Berengar, Pope Formosus invited King Arnulf of the East Franks to Italy in 893 to overthrow Guido.
		The following year, Arnulf and Berengar defeated Guido at Bergamo and took control of Pavia and Milan.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Berengar (638 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ivrea
		Ivrea Pharmaceuticals Appoints Daniel S. Lynch as President and Chief Executive Officer.
		Ivrea Pharmaceuticals Announces Successful In Vitro Nail Penetration Results with IVR 101 and IVR 102.
		ITALY, Ivrea: typical figth with oranges for the carnival day.(c) Ferdinando Scianna/Magnum Photos (SCF11253)
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ivrea (549 words)

	Italy
		Great grandson of Berengar of Friuli and son of Berengar II of Ivrea.
		Grandson of Berengar of Friuli; seized throne on death of Lothair, and held his widow Adelaide captive (951); deposed by future Emperor Otto I; attacked Pope John XII (960), provoking Otto' s reoccupation of Rome and coronation as emperor (962); imprisoned in Germany (963-966).
		Grandson of Louis I the Pious; elected king at Pavia under overlordship of East Frankish king Arnulf; confined to northeastern Italy until deaths of Guy of Spoleto (894) and his son Lambert (898) enabled him to extend rule to rest of Italy.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/italy.htm (5521 words)

	Lou Alice Fink of Louisville, KY:Information about Adalbert#* De Ivrea
		Adalbert#* De Ivrea (son of Berengarius#* II of Italy and Willa#* De Arles) was born 932, and died 975.
		He was the son of the Margrave Berengar of Ivrea and Willa.
		He forced Berengar and Adalbert to do homage to him for their kingdom in 952.
	familytreemaker.genealogy.com /users/f/i/n/Lou-A-Fink/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-1986.html (355 words)

	Diploma Ottonianum - Historic Event - German Archive: The Diploma Ottonianum was a document co-signed during the ...
		The forces of John XII, not yet 26 years of age, had been defeated in the war against Duke Pandulf of Capua, and at the same time many strongholds in the Papal States were occupied by Berengar of Ivrea, effectively if not completely legally King of Italy, and his son Adalbert.
		Berengar, however, did not risk an encounter, but retired to his fortified castles.
		Historians debate, in terms of power and prestige, whether the Diploma Ottonianum was a prestigious advantage for the papacy or a political triumph for the emperor.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=746&osCsid=3512d2bc856e6841715229c6c916eb8d (483 words)

	Banks/Dean Genealogy - Person Page 102
		After Berengar intrigued with Pope John XII against Otto, he was captured and imprisoned in 963.
		Willa of Arles (?) married Berengarius II of Italy, son of Adalbert of Ivrea and Gisela of Friuli, in 936.
		She married Adalbert of Ivrea, son of Anscarius of Ivrea and Gisela (?), in 900.
	www.gordonbanks.com /gordon/family/2nd_Site/geb-p/p102.htm (1894 words)

	16. desember: Den hellige Adelheid (av Burgund)
		Da Adelheid nektet, satte Berengar henne i fengsel i et slott ved Gardasjøen sammen med datteren Emma.
		Han beseiret Berengar i slaget ved Pavia og inntok Pavia uten vanskeligheter.
		I et lykkelig ekteskap fikk de sønnene Henrik og Bruno, som begge døde tidlig, sønnen Otto, den senere keiser Otto II, og datteren Mathilde, som døde i 968 som abbedisse i Quedlinburg.
	www.katolsk.no /biografi/adelheid.htm (1019 words)

	Liutprand - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		He became confidential secretary to Berengar II, marchese d'Ivrea, the actual ruler of Italy.
		Eventually, Liutprand became chancellor to Berengar II who sent him on a mission as ambassador to the Byzantine court of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in 949.
		Liutprand knew Greek, a language that was not widely know in the 10th century west.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php?title=Liutprand&printable=yes (454 words)

	Otto I the Great, Holy Roman Emperor - Aristrocrats - German Archive: Otto I the Great (November 23, 912 — May 7, ...
		On the death (950), possibly by poisoning, of Lothair of Arles, the Italian throne was inherited by a woman, Adelaide of Italy, the respective daughter, daughter-in-law, and widow of the last three kings of Italy.
		In the early 960s, Italy was again in political turmoil, and when Berengar occupied the northern Papal States, Pope John XII asked Otto for assistance.
		After Otto left Rome and reconquered the Papal States from Berengar, however, John became fearful of the emperor's power and sent envoys to the Magyars and the Byzantine Empire to form a league against Otto.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=763&osCsid=fb600aca934e9f685d01e69158cba428 (1562 words)

	Italy
		The final family of Margraves was of the house of Attoni, founded by Atto Adalbert, son of the Baron Siegfried of Lucca, who helped Queen Adeleide of Italy escape the attentions of King Berengar II, protecting her at Canossa castle.
		Originally a County, it was elevated to a Margravate in the course the transition from the rule of Berengar II, King of Italy, to that of Otto I of Germany, who was then crowned Roman Emperor.
		As such it survived until Berengar II of Italy, who took it from the last Margrave, who had become Pope John XII, in 959.
	www.friesian.com /italia.htm (10172 words)

	Articles - King of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Between 888 and 961, there were usually several claimants to the throne of Italy, and on occasion even several living crowned Emperors.
		Berengar of Friuli : 888 - 924 ; Emperor 915 - 924
		Rudolf II of Burgundy : 922 - 933, rival king.
	www.wholez.com /articles/King_of_Italy (449 words)

	Encyclopedia: Adelaide of Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Normally however, such countries identify themselves more narrowly depending on the actual title used by the monarch – as a kingdom...
		King Otto I at his victory over Berengar of Friuli Grave of Otto I in Magdeburg Otto I the Great ( November 23, 912 - May 7, 973), son of Henry I the Fowler, king of the Germans, and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke of Saxony, King of the Germans and arguably the...
		The king of Lombardy dies and his widow, Adelaide is seized by an ursurper, Berengar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Adelaide-of-Italy (1599 words)

	Brink-Day-Johnston-Fletcher - Person Page 14
		Moreover, when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowedqueen of Italy whom the margrave Berengar of Ivrea had taken prisoner,appealed to him for help, Otto marched into Italy in 951, assumed thetitle of king of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself, his firstwife having died in 946.
		Thisconfirmed and extended the temporal power of the papacy, but it is amatter of controversy whether the proviso enabling the emperor to ratifypapal elections was included in the original version of the treaty oradded in December 963, when Otto deposed John XII for treating withBerengar and set up Leo VIII as pope.
		Berengar was captured and taken toGermany, and in 964 a revolt of the Romans against Leo VIII wassuppressed.
	www.brinkfamily.net /tree/p14.htm (3996 words)

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