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	Berezina - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		BEREZINA, a river of Russia, in the government of Minsk, forming a tributary of the Dnieper.
		As a navigable river, and forming a portion of the canal system which unites the Black Sea with the Baltic, it is of importance for commerce, but is subject to severe floods.
		It was just above Borizov that Napoleon's army forced the passage of the Berezina, with enormous losses, on the 26th-28th of November 1812, during the retreat from Moscow.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Berezina (111 words)

	Berezina River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Berezina (alternative spelling Beresina) (Belarusian: Бярэ́зіна) is a river in Belarus and a tributary of the Dnieper River.
		Since then, "Berezina" is used in French as a synonym of catastrophe.
		Charles XII of Sweden's army crossed the Berezina on June 25, 1708 during his campaign against Peter the Great of Russia in the Great Northern War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berezina_River (227 words)

	Russian Topography
		Its tributaries include the Berezina, the Pripyat, and the Inhulets from the west and the Sozh, the Desna, the Orel, and the Samara from the east.
		The Pripyat Marshes are a forested, swampy area of 38,000sq miles (98,400sq km) extending along the Pripyat River and its tributaries from Brest in the west to Mogilev in the northeast and Kiev in the southeast.
		Streams and even major rivers froze solid for months at a time to such an extent that vehicles were able to cross and in one case a rail line was laid across the Dnepr River to help supply the German 6th Army engaged in fighting east of the river.
	www.theeasternfront.co.uk /russiantopography.htm (2804 words)

	Natural Resources, 2004, No.4
		The influence of cities on sulphate flow was analyzed on the basis of calculation of sulphate flow growth after the city and coefficients of geochemical influence which are reflecting the sulphate concentrations growth under the influence of the city.
		The regional background hydrochemical conditions in Belarus in the second part of the XX century are characterized by smooth increasing of general sulphate flow because of sulphates of anthropogenic genesis.
		The contribution of this city to the Berezina river sulphate flow of anthropogenic genesis is 48% in average.
	nasb.gov.by /eng/publications/natres/nr04_4.html (4547 words)

	Gutenkarte » War and Peace » Chapter 327 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The French army melted away at the uniform rate of a mathematical progression; and that crossing of the Berezina about which so much has been written was only one intermediate stage in its destruction, and not at all the decisive episode of the campaign.
		The farther they fled the more wretched became the plight of the remnant, especially after the Berezina, on which (in consequence of the Petersburg plan) special hopes had been placed by the Russians, and the keener grew the passions of the Russian commanders, blamed one another and Kutuzov most of all.
		When alone with the field marshal the Emperor expressed his dissatisfaction at the slowness of the pursuit and at the mistakes made at Krasnoe and the Berezina, and informed him of his intentions for a future campaign abroad.
	www.gutenkarte.org /section/2600/327 (1616 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		The French Emperor hastened for the town of Borisov on the River Berzina in Byelorussia.
		Witnesses said that in places the river was full to the surface with the corpses of men and horses.
		General Yermolov who saw the Berezina in the aftermath of the battle recalled that across the entire expanse of water, beneath the clear ice, one could see the frozen remains of men and horses, carts and the like.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/12/b2003/hm12_3_2_5_5_1.html (644 words)

	The Bridges that Éblé built
		When the retreating French Army and its allies reached the banks of the ice-filled Berezina River on the 23rd of November, 1812, they discovered their sole means of escape blocked by the smoldering ruins of the Borisov bridge.
		The Berezina bridges would be built using only these hand-tools, during the winter, for an army on the verge of disintegration.
		Even before reaching the Berezina River, there had been much debate among the French command as to their next course of action.
	www.wtj.com /articles/berezina (2873 words)

	Barysaw - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Barysaw is located on the Berezina at its confluence with the Skha.
		Orša, city in northeastern Belarus, in Vitsyebsk Oblast, located about midway between Barysaw in Belarus and Smolensk in Russia.
		The Berezina flows southeast for 587 km (365 mi) to the...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Barysaw.html (74 words)

	Engelsons at Berezina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The French had to cross Berezina, but on the other side of the river admiral Chichagoff was waiting for them with his army.
		At night, three Jews from Borisov crossed the river and told admiral Chichagoff that the French were beginning to cross to the south of Borisov.
		While Chichagoff was waiting for them in the south, the French crossed over river Berezina and out of the admiral's trap.
	www.ida.liu.se /~vaden/engelson/berezina.html (554 words)

	Borisov on the Berezina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Reaching the Berezina river near Borisov, Napoleon was trapped between Tshitshagov (Chitchagov), who had circled ahead of Napoleon, and Kutuzov's forces to Napoleon's rear, led by General Wittgenstein.
		Tshitshagov held the bridge over the Berezina river near the village of Borisov and the western shore.
		Marshal Oudinot and the French engineers in his II Corps managed to build two pontoon bridges across the river, which was not solidly iced over, at Studenka, eight miles north of the bridgehead held by Tshitshagov, thanks to diversionary tactics by Napoleon.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~jrubarth/gslis/lis385t.16/Napoleon/Borisov.html (320 words)

	Avalanche Press
		As with the Red Army’s armored trains, the Red Navy’s river flotillas fell into disrepair in the late 1920s and early 1930s as older vessels were scrapped and requisitioned civilian boats returned to their designed uses.
		In 1934 the Navy issued a request for a new river monitor suitable for mass production, using as many common components as possible with the tanks of the 1931 program.
		Though the navy’s river crews fought very hard, they often could not retreat as easily as their comrades on land and had to destroy their boats.
	www.avalanchepress.com /RiverGunboats.php (981 words)

	Victor
		He fought on all fronts, intervening at two strategic moments: at Marengo (June 14, 1800) and on the banks of the Berezina river (November 17, 1812).
		At seventeen, Victor was drummer-boy in an artillery regiment in Grenoble.
		During the Russian Campaign, he was at the head of the 9th corps of the Grande Armée, with which he organized a heroic defense against the enemy on the banks of the Berezina.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~jrubarth/gslis/lis385t.16/Napoleon/Victor.html (509 words)

	Amazon.com: "Berezina River": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Operating in the center, the 2d Belorussian Front was to defeat the German Mogilev grouping and reach the Berezina River.
		To the south, another seventy-kilometer gap separated the 9th Corps from the 4th Army, being driven west of the Berezina River, leaving the path open to Molodechno on 29 June.
		Berezina River Napoleons troops crossing the Berezina River...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Berezina-River (584 words)

	Against the Odds
		Napoleon at the Berezina is a solitaire game of the last major action of the 1812 campaign.
		Disintegrating as it moved along, the French army was faced with total destruction if the three converging Russian armies caught the French army with its back against the Berezina River.
		A way had to be found across the river before that happened.
	www.atomagazine.com /game_01-4.html (266 words)

	PolishRoots - Geography & Maps
		The southern part in the Berezina river basin is lowlands, marshes and covered in forest.
		The Wilia River flows from this same area to the northwestern border, and is the largest in Oszmiana province.
		The Nieman River flows along the southwestern border, fed by the Berezina, the Olszanka, the Wolozyn, and Isloch, Usze, and the Sutle tributaries.
	www.polishroots.org /slownik/oszmiana_powiat.htm (1297 words)

	Museum of Tolerance Multimedia Learning Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		His regiment was among the first to encounter the attacking Germans, and after a stubborn battle with the enemy's superior forces, the Soviet soldiers were forced to quit Minsk on June 27.
		Part of the retreating 13th Army was ordered to set up defense points on the eastern bank of the Berezina River.
		On July 5, 1941, Boris Khigrin had died a hero's death and was buried on the banks of the Drut River, near the village of Belynichi.
	motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org /text/x12/xr1260.html (436 words)

	Operation Bagration: Soviet Offensive of 1944 - Infantrymen's Military Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Boasting 70 Panther and 29 Tiger tanks, 5th Panzer was sent to hold the line east of the Berezina River until Busch’s retreating Fourth Army could establish a proper defensive line.
		Soon thereafter, the Fourth Army endured a scene reminiscent of Napoleon’s 1812 campaign: A mass of troops retreating from the east had abandoned their heavy equipment on the east side of the Berezina and were fleeing west in disorder, crossing small crowded bridges under fire.
		The city of Borisov, the Berezina crossing point for the Moscow—Minsk highway, fell the day after Model’s arrival, and some 40,000 Germans were trapped east of Bobruisk.
	www.goinfantry.com /forum/showthread.php?t=24979 (3878 words)

	Crossing the Berezina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By the time Napoleon's army reached the Berezina River on November 18, 1812, their defeat was clear.
		Reports vary as to the number of troops still alive; a general estimate is around 50,000 were left of the over 400,000 that had first invaded.
		On November 29th, the bridges were burned to slow the pursuing Russian army.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF97/lkeich/berezina.htm (207 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Belarus buries Napoleonic troops
		The 1812 battle of the Berezina was re-enacted.
		The soldiers were buried on the River Berezina, east of the capital Minsk.
		The ceremony took place on the 194th anniversary of the crossing of the Berezina by Napoleon's troops, as Russian forces shelled them.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/6186310.stm (173 words)

	Crossing the Berezina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Napoleon, down to approximately 49,000 effective troops plus tens of thousands of sick and wounded, found himself pinned between the Berezina River and a merciless army of Cossack warriors.
		During the building and crossing of the river, Russian armies attacked on both sides, but were held off for several days.
		An estimated 40,000 men died at the Berezina, from either drowning in the frozen waters, or butchered by Cossacks.
	www.ddg.com /LIS/InfoDesignF98/rdoyle/berezina.html (227 words)

	Other-waters - Ports
		The city of Babruysk (Belarusian: Бабру́йск; Russian: Бобру́йск) is located in Mahilyow voblast of Belarus on the Berezina river.
		The name Babruysk (as well as that of the Babruyka river) comes from the Belarusian word бобр (beaver), many of which used to inhabit the Berezina river.
		Rio de Janeiro (meaning River of January in Portuguese) is the name of both a state and a city in southeastern Brazil.
	www.other-waters.com /main/where-is/ports/page_3.html (475 words)

	The 1812 Crossing of the Berezina River
		When the retreating French and their surviving allies reached the banks of the ice-filled Berezina River on the 23rd of November, 1812, they discovered their sole means of escape blocked by the smoldering ruins of the Borisov bridge.
		Even before reaching the Berezina River, there was much debating among the French command as to their next course of action.
		Sections of this bridge collapsed twice during the night of the twenty-sixth and again at four o'clock in the afternoon of the twenty-seventh.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/Napoleon/1812/berezina.html (2250 words)

	General Jean-Baptiste Eblé
		As General Dombrowski lost control of the vital bridge over the river, and General Corbineau discovered a ford over the river, Eblé's previous decision gave the army a chance to make use of the ford.
		For his work at the Berezina, Napoleon gave Eblé the honor of wearing golden spurs, which became a tradition for pontonnier officers of the French army.
		Eblé's exertions at the Berezina were too much though, and he fell ill and died shortly later.
	www.napoleonic-officers.net /web/officers/E/eble.html (322 words)

	[Preview] RO-Berezina - Red Orchestra Forums
		Remnants of the RKKA 4th Army are pulling together holding actions and digging in along the western banks of the Berezina in efforts to slow the German attack.
		If the river is taken, there is little to stop the Germans from reaching Smolensk within a few days.
		The Russian defenses begin nearly one kilometer to the west of the river, where in the night, a German Infantry battalion, supported by several armored platoons moved into jump off positions in a shallow valley.
	www.redorchestragame.com /forum/showthread.php?t=9335 (3075 words)

	Berezina. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		), river, c.380 mi (610 km) long, rising in Belarus.
		It flows generally S past Borisov and Bobruysk into the Dnieper River.
		The heroic retreat across the Berezina of the remnants of Napoleon’s Grand Army took place near Borisov from Nov. 26 to Nov. 29, 1812.
	www.bartleby.com /65/be/Berezina.html (129 words)

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	worldatlas.com /aatlas/lista.htm (165 words)

	The Premature Burial: Study Guide
		The incident took place when he went on a "shooting expedition" with a friend along the James River near Richmond, Va. When a storm came up in the evening, they took shelter in the cabin of a small boat, where they spent the night.
		While crossing the Berezina on his way back to central Europe between November 26 and 29, 1812, Napoleon lost more than 10,000 men under bombardment from Russian artillery.
		The Berezina River is now in Belarus, a region of the old Russia that became an independent nation in 1991.
	www.cummingsstudyguides.net /Guides2/Premature.html (2984 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		The French captured them at the cost of great losses, but Napoleon was unable to build on this and recalled his troops to their starting positions.
		In the middle of November 1812 the Russian forces encircled Napoleon's army on the River Berezina.
		Napoleon managed to break out through the Russian-held town of Borisov and get his forces across the Berezina, but the French suffered tremendous casualties.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/05/hm5_8_5_5.html (142 words)

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