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Topic: Bering Sea

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Marginal sea

Sea

Bering Strait

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Mednyi Island

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Land bridge

Sea of Okhotsk

Sea of Japan

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	Tides in Marginal, Semi-Enclosed and Coastal Seas - Part I: Sea Surface Height (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bering Sea M2 scatter plot of the model values versus tide gage observations, for model run with data assimilation of tide gages and altimetric data.
		The Bering Sea composite semidiurnal tide coamplitudes derived from Liu and Leenderste (1982 and 1986).
		The Bering Sea composite diurnal tide coamplitudes derived from Liu and Leenderste (1982 and 1986).
	www.ssc.erc.msstate.edu /Tides2D/bering_sea.html (882 words)

	Bering Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bering (or Imarpik) Sea is a body of water north of, and separated from, the north Pacific Ocean by the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands.
		The Bering Sea is one of the world's richest fisheries, and landings from Alaskan waters represents half the U.S. catch of fish and shellfish.
		Bering Sea Climate and Ecosystem Comprehensive resource on the physical and biological factors affecting life in the Bering Sea, with maps, photos, essays on key Bering Sea issues, organizations, ecosystem information, and viewable data with narratives on trends and ecosystem relevance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bering_Sea (324 words)

	Kamchatka: Bering Island
		Bering was working in the employ of the Russia Navy, and had just discovered the coast of Alaska when he and his Russian crew attempted to sail back to Kamchatka across what later became known as the Bering Sea.
		Although Bering himself died on Dec 8, 1741 and nearly one half of his crew perished, in the end it was the abundant sea life of Bering Island that saved them.
		The sailors christened the enormous animals "sea cows," partly to distinguish them from the fish-eating fur seals (which Russians call colloquially "sea bears," as the fur seals' grizzled brown coats and aggressivness make them resemble Kamchatka's grizzly bears), and partly in recognition of their cow-like character, as they grazed among the seaweed.
	www.pbs.org /edens/kamchatka/bering.html (1834 words)

	SeaWeb - Ocean Briefing Book
		Steller sea lion populations in the Bering Sea and western Gulf of Alaska have declined by approximately 80%.
		A 1998 paper in the journal Science considered that the decline of sea lion populations was forcing orcas, which normally fed on the pinnipeds, to switch their attentions to sea otters, and that it was this increased predation that was largely responsible for the sea otters’ decline in the region.
		Sea ducks in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta have displayed high blood lead concentrations, suggesting their decline in that region may be at least partly due to exposure to lead shot.
	www.seaweb.org /resources/briefings/bering.php (1032 words)

	The Bering Sea: Seasons and Cycles of Change
		The Chukchi Sea is the northern part of the Bering Sea, lying north and south of the Bering Strait, the narrow passage of water between Alaska and Siberia.
		The basics: The Bering Sea is a polar sea, lying north of the Aleutian Island chain, between the state of Alaska and the northeastern section of Siberia, and bounded to the southwest by the northern Kamchatka Peninsula.
		Sea urchins feed on kelp, so the kelp forests in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea were overgrazed, which affected all of the organisms associated with the kelp, including seabirds like puffins and kittiwakes.
	disc.gsfc.nasa.gov /oceancolor/scifocus/oceanColor/bering_sea.shtml (1704 words)

	Cyberwest - Bering Sea ecosystem responding to changes in Arctic climate
		The northern Bering Sea is experiencing a shift from arctic to sub-arctic conditions, noted the researchers in an article published in the March 10 issue of Science.
		The northern Bering Sea provides critical habitat for large populations of sea ducks, gray whales, bearded seals and walruses, all of which depend on small bottom-dwelling creatures for sustenance.
		If the biological trends observed by the researchers in the northern Bering Sea persist and are not reversible, the accompanying shift in species and ecosystem structure could have important implications for the role of the sea as a "carbon sink," said the NSF.
	www.cyberwest.com /climate/bering-sea-ecology.shtml (766 words)

	BIOQUAKE IN THE BERING SEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During winter gales, when the mixed layer reaches its maximum depth of 200m, the shallower regions of the Bering Seas are enriched by nitrogen, phosphorus and silica dredged from deeper regions by strong currents.
		The shallow depth of much of the Bering Sea makes its ecosystem unusually sensitive to climatic fluctuations, and in 1997, a combination of events sent its climate and biology "crazy", according to Dr Robert Francis, a fisheries oceanographer of the University of Washington, Seattle.
		Researchers in the Bering Sea watched the shearwaters increase the amount of fish in their diet to a level not previously recorded, to compensate for the lack of krill.
	www.irysec.vic.edu.au /sci/goneill/muttonbird.htm (1230 words)

	Fog, Men, and Cutters: A History of the Bering Sea Patrol
		The story of the USRCS and the USCG in the Bering Sea and Arctic is a study in microcosm of the multifaceted duties of the two services.
		During the Bering Sea Controversy of the 1890s, when the United States and Great Britain teetered on the brink of war over the illegal killing of the seals, the work of the service multiplied and more cutters were needed.
		Some of the enlisted men of the Bering Sea Patrol who died while serving in Alaska were buried where they met their fate, or were buried at sea and, thus, nothing remains to mark their final resting spot.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/BeringSea.html (4647 words)

	Bering Sea
		The Bering Sea kayak is a high volume type with a generous beam and a steeply pitched deck ridge.
		Sea mammals were butchered on a convenient floe and the pieces stuffed into the fore and aft sections of the kayak.
		The Bering Sea men used to prefabricate all the pieces in the men's house during the winter and assemble the kayak in the spring.
	www.arctickayaks.com /Plans/PlansBering_SeaKayak.htm (515 words)

	Biodiversity Briefings, Focus on the Bering Sea
		This northern sea is geographically enclosed by the 50-mile wide Bering Strait at the north, the Aleutian and Commander Islands to the south, the Kamchatka Peninsula to the west and much of Alaska to the east.
		For example, ocean currents in the Chuckchi Sea bring nutrients Into the Bering Sea; weather patterns in the Chuckhi Sea affect the extent and duration of sea ice in the Bering.
		The currents in the Bering Sea create areas of significant upwellings, in which nutrients from the ocean bottom are carried upward, enriching the surface layers of the water.
	www.russianconservation.org /bb.html (589 words)

	Center for Biological Diversity - The Bering Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		During the height of the last Ice Age, the Bering Sea was a vast grassland that served as the gateway for people migrating from Asia to North America.
		The impacts of commercial fishing are compounded by natural fluctuations in the Bering Sea environment, which can be quite dramatic, and increasingly by the effects of global climate change caused by anthropogenic releases of greenhouse gases.
		These include earlier breakup of summer sea ice, persistent warm waters, large blooms of marine algae called coccolithophorids, a large increase in the abundance of jellyfish (lasting from the early 1980s through 2000), and shifts in the abundance and distribution of fish and marine mammals.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/PROGRAMS/marine/bering/index.html (1171 words)

	LME 53: West Bering Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Signs of ecosystem stress include the decline of the Bering Sea Alaskan pollock catch and the decline in numbers of the North Pacific Stellar sea lion and sea otter populations.
		Marine Biogeographic Provinces of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.
		Long-term fluctuations of walleye pollock abundance in the Bering Sea.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /lme/text/lme53.htm (1465 words)

	Bering Sea: A Look from Within \| Greenpeace USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We called this expedition “The Bering Sea: A Look from Within” and and our goal was to develop a deeper understanding of the forces that are changing the Bering Sea.
		All along the way, we documented the beauty and voices of the Bering, and the threats that are beginning to unravel the fabric of this magnificent ecosystem.
		We will add our voices to those of the communities of the Bering to call for better protection of the ecosystem and support for their way of living with nature rather than at her expense.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/campaigns/oceans/beringsea (419 words)

	Bering Sea Arbitration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bering Sea Arbitration, The important fishery dispute between Great Britain and the United States, which was closed by this arbitration, arose in the following circumstances.
		The boundary between the two powers, as laid down by the treaty for purchase, was a line drawn from the middle of Bering Strait south-west to a point midway between the Aleutian and Komandorski Islands dividing Bering Sea into two parts, of which the larger was on the American side of this line.
		By certain acts of congress, passed between 1868 and 1873, the killing of seals was prohibited upon the islands of the Pribiloff group and in "the waters adjacent thereto" except upon certain specified conditions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bering_Sea_Arbitration (1680 words)

	Bering Sea
		Most of the hard corals in the Bering Sea are found on the slope at the edge of the shelf and in canyons, but an array of other seafloor habitats enrich this fertile ocean ecosystem.
		Oceana is identifying areas in the Bering Sea that contain dense aggregations of these important animals so they will be protected for the benefit of the ocean ecosystem.
		Slope areas of the Bering Sea, which take the longest to recover from damage, are being hit hard by trawling with some of the highest bycatch rates of corals and sponges occurring between Bristol Bay and the Pribilof Islands.
	www.savecorals.com /beringsea.html (542 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: Study: Bering Sea Heating Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This week's bad news is from the northern Bering Sea where marine mammals, diving ducks and sea ice are being pushed north by warming waters and winds.
		The northern Bering Sea is particularly sensitive to warming because its' a relatively shallow sea that has been dominated by walrus, grey whales and diving ducks that feed on clams, as well as other animals that make their living on accumulated microscopic detritus in the seafloor mud.
		An overall picture is forming of Arctic life of the Bering Sea being pushed north and squeezed into the Bering Strait and the shallow coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20060306/beringsea_pla.html (530 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Ecological upheaval on the edge of the ice
		ON THE BERING SEA — As the research vessel Thomas G. Thompson steamed toward St. Paul Island, crab fisherman Wayne Baker was holed up in the tiny Alaskan harbor, waiting for a break in the weather.
		Paul is a speck of land in the Bering Sea, the treacherous expanse of water that separates Siberia and Alaska near the top of the world.
		Their trip this spring was focused on a cornerstone of the Bering Sea ecosystem that is beginning to vanish: ice.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2003283374_beringsea01m.html (3008 words)

	Climate Change Harming Bering Sea Mammals, Birds, Study Shows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Summary The north Bering Sea, one of the world's richest feeding grounds for marine life, is warming to the point where animals must adapt or suffer the consequences.
		The north Bering Sea, one of the world's richest feeding grounds for whales, walruses, and sea birds, is warming to the point where animals are being forced to adapt or suffer the consequences.
		Warming of the Bering Sea is likely due to global climate change and to a weakening of the cold north winds that blow across the sea, affecting its temperature.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2006/03/0309_060309_bering_sea.html (445 words)

	NPO Theme Page: Seas: Bering Sea
		The Bering Sea covers over 2 million square km of the northernmost region of the Pacific Ocean.
		Its borders are defined to the north by Alaska, the Bering Strait, and northeastern Siberia, and to the south by the arc of the Alaska Peninsula, Aleutian Islands, and Commander Islands.
		The Anadyr River enters the sea from the west and the Yukon River from the east.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /np/pages/seas/bseamap.html (201 words)

	AMIQ: The Bering Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This semi-enclosed body of water is the northern-most part of the Pacific Ocean, bordered by Russia to the west and Alaska to the east.
		Stormy and hazardous, the Bering Sea is infamous for snatching human life in williwaws, shipwrecks and fishing disasters.
		The Steller sea lion, for example, is classified as endangered in this sea, yet stable in the Pacific waters south of the Alaska Panhandle.
	www.amiq.org /sea.html (188 words)

	The International Bering Sea Forum > Issues
		The Bering Sea is an 878,000 square mile extension of the Pacific Ocean that lies between Russia and Alaska.
		It is bordered to the South by the Aleutian Islands, and the northern Bering Straight separates it from the Arctic Ocean.
		It is the third largest sea in the world, and the combination of its natural characteristics, such as shallow continental shelves and seasonal ice, have created one of the richest fisheries in the world.
	www.beringseaforum.org /issues.html (1708 words)

	EO Study: Changing Currents in the Bering Sea Page 4
		The diatoms exhausted the Bering Sea shelf of the nutrients by late spring.
		Stabeno said she has seen the latest aerial photographs of the Bering Sea, and there are coccolithophores poking out along the edges of the partially thawed ice.
		This satellite image of the Bering Sea was aquired on July 20, 1998.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/Coccoliths/bering_sea_4.html (673 words)

	WWF \| Bering Sea \| About the Region
		The Bering Sea plays an important part in the life cycle of some of the world's largest salmon populations, which spend their adult life in the Bering Sea before migrating up the rivers of Alaska and Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula to spawn.
		Among the sea's wildlife species are the endangered bowhead and northern right whales, the highly endangered Steller sea lion, the northern fur seal -- which is now considered "depleted" according to the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act -- and the polar bear, which is listed in Russia's Red Data Book of Rare and Endangered Species.
		Illustrating the tremendous ecological value of this region are the Bering Sea's Pribilof Islands, a group of four islands which are often called the "Galapagos of the North." Located at the edge of the continental shelf, the Pribilofs benefit from nutrient-rich currents called upwellings that add to the richness of the waters around the islands.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildplaces/bs/about.cfm (365 words)

	LiveScience.com - Bering Sea Altered by Warm Conditions
		The Bering Sea covers more than 700,000 square miles and is demarcated from the North Pacific Ocean by the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands.
		The sea is considered one of the world’s most productive fisheries; its northern portions house sea ducks, gray whales, bearded seals and walruses, all of which feed on cold-water critters.
		The waters of the Bering Sea are helping to curb global warming by acting as a "carbon sink," absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
	www.livescience.com /environment/060309_bering_sea.html (486 words)

	Dramatic Changes in Bering Sea Ecosystem Noted by NOAA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Many rarely observed conditions occurred in the Bering Sea during the summers of 1997 and 1998, including extensive die-offs of seabirds, rare algal blooms, unanticipated low salmon runs, warmer than usual ocean temperatures, and altered ocean currents and atmospheric conditions.
		The eastern Bering Sea provides almost half of the fish and shellfish caught in the United States.
		An important task is to determine linkages between the unusual conditions and the Bering Sea's bountiful resources of salmon and pollock.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/innews/Bering.htm (768 words)

	EO Study: Changing Currents in the Bering Sea
		During the past two summers (1997-98), a type of one-celled microscopic plant changed the color of the Bering Sea from its natural deep blue to a shimmering aquamarine in a matter of weeks.
		Many believe their arrival in the Bering Sea is yet another sign of a larger transformation in the surrounding ecosystem.
		Currents and storms brought plenty of nutrients from the deep waters in the Bering Sea onto the shelf.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/Coccoliths/bering_sea.html (901 words)

	Climate Change and the Bering Sea (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		She is wants to know when the sea ice melts because that triggers a flurry of activity for the plants and animals in the water.
		Sea birds gather round the open water that's left behind, hoping to catch morsels of plankton let loose from the ice as it breaks under the Healy's hull.
		What's more, the Bering Sea is the main conduit for nutrients flowing north to the Arctic, and it supports the largest fishery in the US.
	beringsea.blogspot.com.cob-web.org:8888 (8552 words)

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