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	Ingres
		Ingres was an early relational database system, created as a research project at the University of California, Berkeley starting in the early 1970s and ending in the early 1980s.
		Thus funded, Ingres was developed during the mid-1970s by a rotating team of students and staff.
		Ingres was then disseminated to a small user community, and project members rewrote the prototype repeatedly to incorporate accumulated experience, feedback from users, and new ideas.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/i/in/ingres.html (918 words)

	Ingres - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ingres was first created as a research project at the University of California, Berkeley starting in the early 1970s and ending in the early 1980s.
		The original code, like that from other projects at Berkeley, was available at minimal cost under a version of the BSD license.
		Ingres remained largely similar to IBM's System R in concept, but based on "low end" systems, namely Unix on DEC machines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ingres (1168 words)

	Wikipedia: QUEL
		QUEL is a relational database access language, similar in most ways to SQL, but somewhat better arranged and easier to use.
		It was created as a part of the groundbreaking Ingres effort at University of California, Berkeley, and was used for a short time in most products based on the freely-available Ingres source code, most notably Informix.
		Another advantage of QUEL was a built-in system for moving records en-masse into and out of the system.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/q/qu/quel.html (360 words)

	Mark Logic CEO Blog: Ingres: Can You Ever Go Back?
		I worked with Ingres at the Center for Computational Seismology at Lawrence Berkeley Lab while I was in school.
		Ingres attempted to optimize more for each platform (e.g., squeezing the product into 640K on the PC by dropping functionality) which, while perhaps counter-intuitive, was a mistake.
		Ingres missed this, was timid when it needed to be aggressive, and lost.
	marklogic.blogspot.com /2006/04/ingres-can-you-ever-go-back.html (1334 words)

	The 1995 SQL Reunion: People, Projects, and Politics - Teradata; Ingres family: Relational Technology, Britton-Lee, ...
		There was a guy by the name of Phil Neches at UCLA, and he said, "We ought to do parallelism on commodity hardware." He fell in with some people at a startup, and they started this company, and I guess in about 1984 shipped the first parallel SQL engine.
		QUEL fought SQL tooth-and-nail, and explained how QUEL was better than SQL in many different ways, and in fact it is better at doing aggregates.
		Some people at Ingres now feel that the reason that they were less than successful is because they fought SQL rather than embraced it, so this gave Oracle a chance to differentiate themselves.
	www.mcjones.org /System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/sqlr95-Teradata.html (1001 words)

	Ingres - Frequently Askes Questions
		The term "distributed" should probably be avoided.) University Ingres is the original version of Ingres developed at UC Berekely during the 1970s to demonstrate the concept of a relational database.
		The INGRES FAQ (~300kb) is archived at: ftp.naiua.org in /pub/ingres Updates to the FAQ seem to get posted very infrequently at the moment, especially when I am distracted by actual work.
		Ingres is not submitted for TPC benchmarking (or at least the results are not submitted to TPC for publication).
	www.bizyx.com /ingres/section01.htm (3481 words)

	PostgreSQL
		PostgreSQL is the ultimate result of a long evolution starting with the Ingres project at UC Berkeley.
		After returning to Berkeley in 1985, Stonebraker started a post-Ingres project to address the problems with the relational database model that had become increasing clear during the early 1980s.
		Although the license allowed for the commercialization of Postgres, unlike Ingres the Postgres code was not developed commercially with the same rapidity as Ingres, which is somewhat surprising considering the advantages the product offered.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/po/Postgresql.html (1614 words)

	Charles Babbage Institute: RESEARCH PROGRAM> Current research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		INGRES is a relational database (qv) system for the Unix operating system.
		INGRES is written primarily in the C (qv) programming language.
		The history of the INGRES project, which ended at Berkeley in the mid-1980s (to be superceded by work on the Postgres (qv) object-oriented relational database system by Stonebraker and others at Berkeley), may be compared with that of another 1970s relational database pioneer, System R (qv).
	www.cbi.umn.edu /shp/entries/ingres.html (418 words)

	CRN \| Michael Stonebraker: The Database General
		Ingres, however, was not the only relational database effort going on at the time.
		That was the basic contribution of Ingres and System/R, which had a "synergistic relationship with one another," Stonebraker says.
		Hawthorne, now a consultant in Berkeley, says students made sure their ideas were on solid footing lest Stonebraker label them "stupid." Olson, who now directs marketing at Sleepy Cat Software in Berkeley, says students feared challenging the professor because they "were probably wrong," though Olson says he successfully challenged Stonebraker once.
	www.crn.com /sections/special/HOF/hof00.asp?ArticleID=21432 (1275 words)

	OSNews.com
		Ingres was a research project at UC Berkeley that was one of the first RDBMS implementations (along with IBM's System R).
		Berkeley Ingres (and Postgres) used to have their own relational query language.
		Yes, QUEL (I believe it was called) is one of the few implementations of a relational language that was at least somewhat approved by the Serious Thinkers of the relational model of data (C.J. Date, Hugh Darwen, etc...).
	www.osnews.com /comment.php?news_id=7155 (1103 words)

	INGRES Database : MAC-NET
		INGRES (Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System) first prototype was created by Professor Michael Stonebraker of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences of the University of California, Berkeley in 1973.
		The Ingres database began development soon afterwards under the guidance of Michael Stonebraker and Eugene Wong at UC Berkeley.
		Ingres r3 for Linux and Windows is available under an open-source licence called CA Trusted Open Source License.
	www.mac-net.com /930489.page (342 words)

	Ingres FAQ
		Ingres optimizer selects for satisfying a "query." In this context a query is anything that requires locating rows the database, whether it be to select, update, or delete them.
		Ingres optimizer can, and even if he could, changes to the table location, structure or key distribution would ruin any execution plan the programmer dreamed up.
		Ingres can act as an ODBC server, allowing most of the popular PC packages to extract the data directly from the database at run time.
	ariel.ucs.unimelb.edu.au /~yuan/Ingres/ingres.faq.html (15156 words)

	Database Journal: The Knowledge Center for MySQL Professionals
		Berkeley DB Unlike most of the others listed here, Berkeley DB is not a full DBMS, complete with graphical reporting tools and the like.
		Ingres began as a relational database project at the University of California, Berkeley (the same American university directly or indirectly responsible for so many contributions to the Open Source world, including BSD Unix, Postgres, vi and Tcl.
		Ingres is known as a reliable and scalable database, but suffers from a reputation that it lags behind in features, with Computer Associates seen as not having done much development since they bought it in 1994.
	www.databasejournal.com /features/mysql/print.php/3486596 (1737 words)

	Ingres - a Whatis.com definition
		Ingres is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that evolved from a research project at the University of California at Berkeley in the 1970s.
		There are two different versions of Ingres: a public domain version, known as University Ingres or Berkeley Ingres; and a commercial version currently marketed by Computer Associates, and known as OpenIngres, CA-OpenIngres, or Ingres II.
		QUEL is a language developed for use with the original public domain version and still supported by it today.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid87_gci214579,00.html (203 words)

	Citations: QUEL as a Data Type - Stonebraker (ResearchIndex)
		However, QUEL as a data type is primarily motivated to provide a way of representing a set of records through QUEL commands.
		QUEL can easily be formalized in the reflective algebra, as will be described next.
		Quel as a Data Type, Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, Boston, MA, June 1984.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/128017/0 (2326 words)

	» From Ingres to EnterpriseDB \| Open Source \| ZDNet.com
		When Dr. Michael Stonebraker founded Ingres at UC Berkeley in 1977 he'd been at Berkeley for about six years, been influenced by personal relationships with all the key Unix players, and done considerable work on the theory behind Codd's relational models.
		With Ingres (Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System) he took Codd's ideas beyond the COBOL data types to include more complex forms such as text and imagery.
		A key spin-off from that work was another commercial product ultimately known as Illustra – the first truly object relational database that let developers add their own data types, complete with code to handle the requisite indexing and processing, to meet whatever unique requirements they might have.
	blogs.zdnet.com /open-source?p=331 (876 words)

	QUEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		QUEL horreur!Doncaster Today, UK - Jul 21, 2006A technical error meant that the Paris two for one offer advertised on the front of this week's...
		'Quel est le proble’me?' Brian Cowen asks EUUnison.ie, Ireland - Jul 11, 2006"Quel est le proble’me?" - (what is the problem) suggested Mr Cowen, in an unusual burst of French, as he dismissed criticism both in Ireland and Brussels.
		San Francisco Giants shortstop Omar Viz quel left Wednesday night's game against the Washington Nationals in the fifth inning with a bruised right foot.
	www.33beat.com /QUEL.html (520 words)

	[No title]
		I was one of the founders of the UC Berkeley Open Computing Facility, and helped obtain a donation of twenty workstations Apollo from Apollo computer.
		While at U.C. Berkeley from 1987 to 1990, I contributed to the query executor, access methods and transaction system of Postgres, Michael Stonebraker's follow-on to Ingres.
		Quel is a lot cleaner, simpler and in some ways more expressive than SQL but is pretty much a dead language now.
	www.dis.org /cimarron/resume/s.txt (3294 words)

	Ingres - Frequently Askes Questions
		A number of INGRES tools (including the NAIUA tools) are available to NAIUA members from the NAIUA web site: http://www.naiua.org You are strongly encouraged to contribute tools.
		University Ingres is one of the engines supported by Onyx; SQL is translated into QUEL.
		Software vendors, consultants and others who publish INGRES related newsletters which can be made available at no charge are invited to submit information about their publication(s) for inclusion here.
	www.bizyx.com /ingres (10457 words)

	Database Systems
		It is not possible to enumerate all the contributions here, but we shall highlight three representative research projects that had major impact on the industry.
		The Ingres project went on to investigate distributed databases, database inference, active databases, and extensible databases.
		Gray holds doctorates from U.C. Berkeley and the University of Stuttgart.
	www.cs.washington.edu /homes/lazowska/cra/database.html (1638 words)

	Ingress Database Systems
		INGRES is a relational database management system.There are two distinct strains of INGRES; there is so-called "University" Ingres, which is in the public domain, and there is a commercial version of INGRES developed and marketed by Computer Associates.
		University Ingres is also known as Berkeley Ingres, Ingres89, and
		developed at UC Berkeley during the 1970s to demonstrate the concept of a relational database.
	ssbea.mercer.edu /hogan/ingres_dbms.htm (1118 words)

	199412: Database Systems (Part 1)
		INGRES, developed at UC Berkeley, is a research Relational DBMS.
		Ingres Corporation supports a commercial version, with assorted front ends, performance and reliability improvements, etc. Nonetheless, "University INGRES" has a wide following at research and educational institutions.
		The QUEL language is a predecessor to IBM's SQL and POSTGRES's POSTQUEL.
	www.cfcl.com /tin/P/199412.shtml (839 words)

	[No title]
		You need tcsh, a pwd executable, the getopt command, Berkeley Yacc, flex, cb, and bug-fixed versions of awk (2.14 or newer) and sed (1.13 or newer).
		Berkeley Yacc is usually in a package called byacc, which you could find with the Ingres Port (which it was used for, too).
		We do not support University Ingres at all; questions about it should be sent to the USENET group "comp.databases".
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/historic-linux/ftp-archives/sunsite.unc.edu/Sep-29-1996/apps/databases/postgres/postgres.README (1912 words)

	CADwire.net - Directory > Computers > Software > Databases > Relational > Implementations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Database Research at Berkeley - The original Ingres and Postgres systems implementing QUEL, which was relational.
		Ingres - The original RDBMS, but the current version of its QUEL language has been corrupted to acommodate SQL.
		University Ingres - Implemented the QUEL language, based on relational calculus and more elegant and powerful than SQL.
	www.cadwire.net /directory/dir.asp?/Computers/Software/Databases/Relational/Implementations/Ingres (123 words)

	Detailed Information
		I was one of the founders of the UC Berkeley Open Computing Facility, a student organization dedicated to providing computing resources to those members of the University community who otherwise didn't have them.
		I also designed a scheme for the generation of Visual Basic clients from their metadata (unfortunately we were unable to work out terms acceptable to both of us so I have not yet had the opportunity to implement the VB generator).
		I wrote lots of term papers and documentation with Troff while at berkeley and I also created a really good Troff resume template (which was plagerized by most of my friends).
	www.dis.org /cimarron/resume/detail.html (5802 words)

	SSDBM 1981: 363-367 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This paper presents the use of INGRES, a relational database management system, in solving several complex statistical database problems, as presented in Robert Teitel's paper, Volume Testing of Statistical Software.
		In each of these problems, solutions are easily stated in QUEL, the INGRES query language.
		INGRES also provides a most flexible method for dynamically changing storage structures to optimize different processing requirements.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/conf/ssdbm/Schmitz81.html (286 words)

	Re: Caught napping!
		I don't know what Fabian Pascal is bothered by, but you might want to look up some of the old Ingres papers, probably authored or co-authored by Michael Stonebraker.
		Ingres had a language called QUEL, and the Berkeley Ingres guys were pushing QUEL as a competitor to SQL (then known, I think, as SEQUEL) at the time.
		I seem to recall that QUEL proponents liked the fact that QUEL was very closely modelled on relational calculus, whereas they felt that SQL was a hybrid of relational calculus and relational algebra, and therefore impure in some way or other.
	www.stylusstudio.com /xmldev/200111/post40320.html (345 words)

	ABC-Dir: Ingres
		Several of Ingres' paintings from the exhibition, Portraits by Ingres: Image of an Epoch.
		Carol Jackson's pages on Ingres, including MS Encarta's biography and 25 paintings or drawings.
		The original Ingres and Postgres systems, which implemented QUEL, which was relational.
	www.abc-directory.com /view/ingres (107 words)

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