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Topic: Berliner Gramophone

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	Emile Berliner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Berliner worked for Bell Telephone in Boston from 1877 to 1883, when he returned to Washington and established himself as a private researcher.
		Berliner also invented a new type of loom for mass-production of cloth, acoustic tile, and experimented with an early version of the helicopter said by some accounts to have successfully lifted two men off the ground as early as 1909, although other accounts put the date a decade later.
		Emile Berliner died of a heart attack at the age of 78.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emile_Berliner (322 words)

	Berliner Gramophone Grammophon Phonograph Registry Project
		Berliner's gramophone was displayed for the first time in 1888, at the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia.
		Berliner made a trip to Germany 1889-90 and arranged for the first gramophones to be manufactured.
		The gramophone was first commercialized in the USA in 1893 by the 'United State Gramophone Company' a company founded by Emile Berliner and some of his friends.
	www.berliner.netfirms.com (978 words)

	Berliner Gramophone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Berliner Gramophone was an early record label, the first company to produce disc "gramophone records" (as opposed to the earlier phonograph cylinder records).
		Berliner Gramophone of Canada was established in 1899 in Montreal and first marketed records and gramophones the following year.
		The Berliner name as a record label lasted longest in Canada, until 1924 when it was bought out by USA's Victor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berliner_Gramophone (253 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Emile Berliner invented the microphone that became part of the first Bell telephones, and his gramophone was the first record player to use disks.
		Berliner's gramophone differed from its contemporaries in that it used a flat disk to record sound rather than the cylinder proposed by Edison.
		Berliner's gramophone and method for duplicating records were eventually acquired by the Victor Talking Machine Company (eventually RCA).
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/13.html (307 words)

	Berliner Gramophone Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It was established in Montreal by Emile Berliner (b Hanover, Germany, 20 May 1851, d Washington, DC, 3 Aug 1929), the inventor of the gramophone and co-founder (in Germany, 1898, with his brother Joseph) of Deutsche Grammophon.
		The Berliner Gramophone Co of Canada was chartered 8 Apr 1904 and was reorganized as the Berliner Gramophone Co in 1909.
		The Berliner Gramophone Co was renamed the Victor Talking Machine Co of Canada (after 1929, RCA Victor, see BMG), and Edgar was its president until 1930.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000287 (488 words)

	Berliner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner determined that the new instrument did not vibrate freely because the fibers of the wood under the bridge took much time to adjust to the uneven pressures transmitted by the strings through the bridge to the instruments body.
		Berliner employed the radio and distributed free educational literature on "scalding" milk to reduce the scourge of deadly diseases that killed one third of all children.
		Berliner, convinced that many infant's diseases were caused by the ingestion of raw milk, founded the "Society for the Prevention of Sickness" in 1891 and launched a widespread campaign for "scalding" milk before its ingestion.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/berliner.html (5806 words)

	The Early Gramophone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner arranged for the first gramophones to be made in Europe during the trip to Germany 1889-90.
		Berliner published his first list of gramophone discs for sale, at 60 cents each, 6.875-inch diameter (after 1895 are 7-inch), 2 minutes in duration, made of celluloid (after 1895 in hard vulcanized rubber), one-sided, with name and date stamped in center (paper labels after 1900).
		Berliner undertook to reproduce the human voice on a similar principle, and after much study and experimenting, secured fundamental patents covering the general process and its essential details.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/recording/berliner.html (1522 words)

	History Of Vinyl 3 Part 3 - Emile's Berliner's Gramophone
		Henry Berliner, son of Emile deliberated upon a helicopter that was effectively flown.
		Nonetheless, Emile Berliner persistency of sound reproduction in 1925 saw the invention of the acoustic tile for use in auditoriums and performance theatres.
		Emile Berliner set about designing his own version of the phonograph in which he named his contraption simple: "The Gramophone." The Gramophone was designed to use discs that was pressed in hard rubber instead of cylinders, got underway with very little supported backing in 1893.
	www.vinyl-record-collectors.net /history-of-vinyl3-part3.htm (224 words)

	Collector Cafe - Register
		Berliner's first attempts at marketing the gramophone through his United States Gramophone Company (of Washington D.C.) in the fall of 1894, and through the Philadelphia-backed Berliner Gramophone Company in the fall of 1895 had been unsuccessful.
		The key figure behind the New York Gramophone Co., Frank Seaman, persuaded Berliner to grant him exclusive personal rights to distribute the Gramophone on a national basis, except for Washington, DC (Oct. 10th), and on October 19, 1896, the National Gramophone Company was incorporated for that purpose.
		Seaman continued his efforts to distance himself from Berliner Gramophone by transmuting the National Gramophone ‘Company’ into the National Gramophone ‘Corporation’ (the ‘Corp.’ was organized on Mar. 10th, 1899 and the Co. was dissolved June 12th).
	www.collectorcafe.com /article_archive.asp?article=620&id=1501 (1150 words)

	Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: The Gramophone
		Although Berliner was unaware of it at the time, this was a practice that had been advocated by the Frenchman Charles Cros in a remarkable paper written in April 1877 and deposited with the French Academy.
		Berliner continued to patent improvements to his gramophone throughout the remainder of the century and even into the early years of the twentieth century, by which time he had lost control over his gramophone business.
		Berliner agreed, and as a consequence, for several years five-inch "Berliner Grammophon" records were manufactured in Germany and a number of them were exported to England.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/berlhtml/berlgramo.html (3319 words)

	The Victor Talking Machine Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner was a man of considerable wealth with an international reputation and an important patent.
		The Berliner Gramophone Company, on the other hand, had been out of business for a year as a result of the legal difficulties with its selling agent, Mr.
		In general, this meant that the Gramophone Company would serve the British Empire (except Canada, which was covered separately by the Berliner Gramophone Co. of Montreal) and most of Continental Europe.
	www.davidsarnoff.org /vtm-chapter5.htm (4931 words)

	History Of Vinyl 3 Part 7 - Berliner's Gramophone Company
		The Berliner Gramophone Company spread from Germany to Canada and quickly establishing branches in the USA, India Vienna, Berlin, Budapest, London and Paris.
		The Berliner's Gramophone Company was the first recording industry in Canada and the first to manufacture records and the talking machines.
		Emil Berliner began to expand by setting up a merger between the USA Gramophone Company and the Victor Company to produced his gram-o-phone in1901.
	www.vinyl-record-collectors.net /history-of-vinyl3-part7.htm (306 words)

	Canadian Communications Foundation - Fondation Des Communications Canadiennes
		Berliner’s gramophone was presented for the first time at the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia.
		Sales of the gramophone were lower than hoped and the company was quick to understand the need to improve the gramophone and equip it with a wind-up spring motor.
		Between 1904 and 1906, the Berliner Gramophone Company produced several types of gramophones at the Montreal factory: the Model A, the Model B called the Ideal, model E called the Gem and the model C called the Grand.
	www.broadcasting-history.ca /personalities/personalities.php?id=271 (1131 words)

	Berliner's "Gramophone" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner used his award for improvements in telephone transmitters to finance the development of a method whereby molds can be made from a master recording and used to mass-produce stamped disc recordings.
		Berliner was originally denied patent on the invention due to its similarity to a patent previously granted to Charles Cros.
		However, Berliner then went back to the drawing board and was able to actually improve on his invention and get his patent.
	web.bryant.edu /~history/h364proj/fall_99/shattuck/gramophone.html (342 words)

	G&S Discography: Origins and Uses of Matrix Numbers
		Berliner was inspired by the phonoautograph, an instrument for recording sound on paper coated with lampfl on cylinders or drums, invented in France by Léon de Martinville in 1857, of which he probably saw an example at the Smithsonian Institution (right) in 1879, when he lived in Washington.
		Berliner stressed that this refinement was essential in removing any dust particles that might fall on the disc, as well as in facilitating the removal of the recording medium in front of the stylus.
		He was the chief recordist for the Gramophone Company from 1898 until the end of the acoustical era in mid-1925, and remained the senior recording expert for EMI until his death in 1951.
	www.cris.com /~oakapple/gasdisc/matrix1.htm (4236 words)

	Phonograph vs gramophone
		The early commercial discs produced by the small Berliner Gramophone company were made of ebonite (hardened rubber), a material he named "vulcanite".
		In May 1902 were for sale in Europe, the first 10 Gramophone records with recorded numbers by Enrico Caruso in the city of Milan and they were of a diameter of 10 inches (25 cm), only one face and on its label, the first logotype registered by that company, the «Angel».
		Edison realised he no longer could compete with the gramophone and the disc, so in 1913 he put forward his "Edison Diamond Disc", which was a celluloid disc for playback in an adequate device, while keeping the principle of vertical cut recording.
	www.todotango.com /english/biblioteca/cronicas/fonovsgra.html (846 words)

	Emile Berliner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 - August 3, 1929) was an inventor, best known for developing the gramophone recorddisc record gramophone (''phonograph'' in American English/).
		Born Emil Berliner in Hanover, Germany, he emigrated to the United StatesUnited States of America in 1870, establishing himself in Washington, D.C..
		Emile Berliner died of a Myocardial infarctionheart attack/ at the age of 78.
	www.infothis.com /find/Emile_Berliner (406 words)

	The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : His Master's Voice
		He called his invention for playing the discs a "gramophone," and he received a patent for it on Nov. 8, 1887.
		Berliner brought the copy back to the United States and immediately sought a trademark for the painting.
		The trademark was granted by the Patent Office on July 10, 1900, too late for Berliner to use it, as his company by this time was little more than a name.
	www.loc.gov /wiseguide/dec02/gramophone.html (328 words)

	The History of Recorded Sound: Berliner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner went to work in the mid 1880's on a new style of phonograph.
		His first work was on a cylinder but almost from the beginning Berliner worked on the disc, a type of record that would have a profound effect on the industry.
		Unfortunately for Berliner there was little demand for his records and due to the manual machine he sold to play them.
	www.edisonnj.org /menlopark/birthplace/berliner.asp (481 words)

	The Victor Talking Machine Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		He developed a spring motor and sound box for it, and made 100 for the Berliner Gramophone Co. of Philadelphia before October 15, 1896.
		Berliner gave the National Gramophone Co. (Frank Seaman) an exclusive sales contract for all of the United States except for the District of Columbia (10/10/96).
		Royal, now of London, was prepared to set up the Gramophone Co. to use the Johnson recording process.
	www.davidsarnoff.org /vtm-appendix01.htm (1017 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group I1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The gramophone discs are valuable research tools in the study of popular culture, providing objective data about what was offered to the public, and how it was performed.
		Berliner's successor was the Victor Talking Machine Company (an ongoing Greenwood discography series).
		This volume will be of interest to gramophone record collectors, record archives, and music libraries, as well as to scholars, music students, and buffs.
	info.greenwood.com /books/0313292/0313292175.html (276 words)

	S. Berliner, III's Emile Berliner Page
		Emil Berliner would have turned 150 on 20 May 2001; DGG and their Emil Berliner Studios released a limited birthday CD, with hits from the last century and a history of Emil Berliner.
		Berliner, invented the world's first practical helicopter (1919) - actually just originally an autogyro, on the modified frame of a French light aircraft, which crashed on its maiden flight and ended up under a staircase at the Smithsonian, per grandson Oliver's letter to me of 24 Apr 98 - but never commercialized it.
		The gramophone was actually first commercially produced as a toy by K&R in Germany in 1889; it didn't get going in the U.S. until 1894, and Deutsche Grammophon started business with the pressing of their first disks (the first ever in Europe) on 11 Jun 1898.
	home.att.net /~Berliner-Ultrasonics/berlemil.html (2423 words)

	G&S Discography: Gramophone Company Matrix and Catalog Numbers
		These details, together with the title (Berliner or Gramophone), the Trade Mark of the Recording Angel (precursor of Angel Records) and Catalog Number added afterwards, then appeared on every pressing from a given matrix, since the plate itself bore the markings in mirror writing.
		In addition, a dark green label was used for lesser recording lights, for both 10- and 12-inch discs, from as early as 1909 to 1921 or later.
		Records made by the Gramophone Company between 1895 and December 20, 1900 were labeled either Berliner or Gramophone discs or both (see below), the details being etched into the matrix as described previously.
	www.concentric.net /~oakapple/gasdisc/matrix2.htm (5723 words)

	Emile Berliner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The follwing images from the Library of Congress can be found online in the American Memory exhibit Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry.
		Scrapbook [excerpts] - relating to the United States Gramophone Co., including invitations to the stockholders' meetings, stationery letterhead, and drawings of the gramophone (DIGITAL ID berl 14050101) Image 4 of 7.
		This is a copy of the drawing from patent 534,543 of Feb. 19, 1895 (DIGITAL ID: berl 11010201) Image 18 of 38 of Gramophone patents bound informally together.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/recording/berliner2.html (363 words)

	Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: Timeline
		Berliner awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal by the Franklin Institute.
		Berliner very active in field of health and hygiene.
		Death of Emile Berliner on August 3 at the age of 78.
	frontiers.loc.gov /ammem/berlhtml/berltime.html (304 words)

	Extraordinary Times - The Patent Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Berliner contracted New York advertising agent Frank Seaman to market the machines.
		The Gramophone was now being sold on both sides of the Atlantic.
		The resulting stability for the Gramophone Company Ltd., and the availability of local music to European audiences, thanks to the efforts of the recording experts there, greatly increased demand for the disc record and the Gramophone itself.
	www.thetalkingmachine.com /extraordinary_4.htm (354 words)

	BerlinerE
		1893 United States Gramophone Company is founded by Berliner and some of his friends to commercialize the invention.
		1895 The Berliner Gramophone Company is founded by Berliner (minority stockholder) and a group of businessmen in Philadelphia.
		Berliner’s patents were assigned to this new company.
	www.audioannals.com /berlinere.htm (564 words)

	The Gramophone Doctor, Bob Nix, Buy, Sell, Repair and Refinish all makes of spring driven phonographs
		Bob grew up in a farmhouse built in 1898 where his parents and grandparents saved everything which was old in their attic.
		The machine he inherited is a Berliner Type B patented February 24, 1897, made in Montreal, Quebec.
		His Grandfather's phonograph appears on all of his business cards and also on his van and someday this gramophone will be passed down to his son.
	www.gramophonedoctor.com (505 words)

	Berliner Gramophone Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Emile Berliner was a German scientist who began experimenting with recorded sound after his work on the telephone.
		His first patent for recorded sound was for a cylinder but soon his work focused on the disc.
		He devised a system of recording on zinc plates, which in time he discovered could be used to as masters to make copies from and soon he was in the business producing "plates" as they were first called and gramophones to play them on.
	www.edisonnj.org /menlopark/vintage/berliner.asp (284 words)

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