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Topic: Bernard Mandeville

	Bernard Mandeville
		Bernard Mandeville (1670-1733) was a doctor and pamphleteer, whose works had a large impact on the course of eighteenth century social philosophy.
		Mandeville was born and educated in the Dutch Republic.
		Mandeville's idea that the pursuit of self-interest, when properly managed, can have good consequences, and his insights into the way in which vanity makes people conform to social norms were put to good use by the principal philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume and Adam Smith.
	www.philosophers.co.uk /cafe/phil_oct2003.htm (871 words)

	Bernard Mandeville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bernard (de) Mandeville was born at Dordrecht in Holland and died on 21 January 1733 in London.
		Mandeville writes about these matters with a curious complacency and clinical objectivity that are instrumental to the irony that pervades much of his writing and makes it difficult to discover his intentions.
		Mandeville represents radical positions on wage labour, on the status of women, and the treatment of animals that by their vehemence and repetition may be taken as his own.
	www.thoemmes.com /encyclopedia/mand.htm (3585 words)

	BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE - LoveToKnow Article on BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733), English philosopher and satirist, was born at Dordrecht, where his fathel practised as a physician.
		Mandeville's ironical paradoxes are interesting mainly as a criticism of the " amiable " idealism of Shaftesbury, and in comparison with the serious egoistic systems of Hobbes and Helvetius.
		It is mere prejudice to deny that Mandeville had considerable philosophic insight; at the same-time he was mainly negative or critical, and, as he himself said, he was writing for " the entertainment oi people of knowledge and education." He may be said to have cleared the ground for the coming utilitarianism.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MANDEVILLE_BERNARD_DE.htm (755 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Mandeville, Bernard de
		Bernard de Mandeville was born in or near Rotterdam in 1670, the son of Judith (Verhaar) and Michael de Mandeville, a doctor, as was Michael's own grandfather, also named Michael, who had served as municipal physician and rector of the Latin school in Nijmegen in the southern Netherlands.
		Mandeville's argument was an elaboration of the government's well-known position, coupled with a satiric attack upon its opponents, who had denounced the government's financial manipulation of placemen in parliament, and came close to questioning its legitimacy as well.
		Mandeville devoted much of the remaining ten years of his life to the elaboration and defence of his now notorious thesis: contemporary society is an aggregation of self-interested individuals necessarily bound to one another neither by their shared civic commitments nor their moral rectitude, but, paradoxically, by the tenuous bonds of envy, competition and exploitation.
	www.litencyc.com /php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=4974 (2058 words)

	Foglio Spinozi@no - BERNARD MANDEVILLE AND HIS SPINOZISTIC APPRAISAL OF VICES
		Mandeville does not demonstrate his proposition synthetically or ‘more geometrico’, but analytically, convincing his reader by means of hundreds of examples and cases and inducing him along this way to the general and summarizing concept: the private vices lead straight on to public prosperity.
		Mandeville had not overlooked Spinoza’s anti-altruism as defended in the proposition that “Nobody strives to preserve his being for the sake of anything else”, a propostion which served as the ground on which his political theory was built.
		Mandeville opens rather rarely this perspective on the higher level of virtue, on which man is able, as a consequence of his higher knowledge, to moderate the excessive power of his passions.
	www.fogliospinoziano.it /artic20.htm (5135 words)

	Bernard Mandeville, Caveet
		As for Bernard Mandeville’s descent, he is a (5th generation) descendant of an army officer called Jehan de Mandeville, who served in the army of the Spanish Duke de Alba (1507-1582).
		Irwin Primer: Bernard Mandeville’s ‘A modest defence of publick stews’, prostitution and its discontents in early Georgian England.
		Mandeville in Danish: Fabel om bierne - Det utilfredse bistade eller, Slyngler gjort hæderlige.
	www.bernard-mandeville.nl /index_bestanden/Caveet.htm (1221 words)

	Bernard de Mandeville
		A Dutch physician who moved to Britain when he was 29, Bernard de Mandeville nonetheless quickly honed his skills in the English language by hack translations of La Fontaine and Scarron (into which he inserted two of his own compositions, the "Nightingale and the Owl" and "the Carp").
		Anticipating Keynes's paradox of thrift, Mandeville argued that the "moral" activity of saving was actually the cause of recessions whereas luxurious consumption (a "vice") was a stimulus.
		Mandeville's responses to his critics (he is particularly polemical against Berkeley) are found in his 1732 Letter to Dion and his Vindication (1734).
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/mandev.htm (577 words)

	Bernard Mandeville - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Mandeville, Bernard (1670-1733), British philosopher and social satirist.
		Mandeville, Sir John (1300?-1372), author of the famous book generally known as Travels of Sir John Mandeville, written in Norman French and...
		A Dutch physician who moved to Britain when he was 29, Bernard de Mandeville nonetheless quickly honed his skills in the English language by hack translations of La...
	encarta.msn.com /Bernard_Mandeville.html (214 words)

	Mandeville & Covington Real Estate Listings of Houses and Homes for Sale in St. Tammany Parish County, Louisiana
		The city of Mandeville was founded in 1834 by Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville.
		Union troops inhabited Mandeville during the Civil War, but once the war was over, people gladly returned to this popular rural resort.
		Pelican Park (encompassing 230 acres and 24 athletic fields), Fairview Riverside State Park and Mandeville City Park on the Causeway Approach serve the city of Mandeville.
	www.covington-mandeville-realestate.com /cityprofile.htm (335 words)

	Invisible Hand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smith uses the metaphor in the context of an argument against protectionism and government regulation of markets, but it is based on very broad principles developed by Mandeville, Butler, Shaftesbury, and Francis Hutcheson.
		Bernard Mandeville claimed that private vices are actually public benefits.
		In The Fable of the Bees (1714) he laments that the "bees of social virtue are buzzing in Man's bonnet": that civilized man has stigmatized his private appetites and the result is the retardation of the common good.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Invisible_hand (925 words)

	Mandeville Bibliography (Prior) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bernard Mandeville, "A Vindication of the Fable," 1-21.
		Hind, "Mandeville's Fable of the Bees as Menippean Satire," Genre 1 (1968): 307-15.
		Mandeville and theatricality in a broader European context.
	www.c18.rutgers.edu /biblio/mandeville.html (4780 words)

	Bernard Mandeville (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE (1670-1733), a vigorous and graphic writer, who squandered upon useless and lax speculations powers that would have fitted him admirably as a novelist or moralist, was a native of Dort, in Holland.
		The satire of Mandeville is general, not individual; yet his exampies are strong and lively pictures.
		Another of the paradoxes of Mandeville is, that charity schools, and all sorts of education, are injurious to the lower classes.
	athena.english.vt.edu /~drad/Courses/ENGL3034/Mandeville/ChambersMandeville.html (346 words)

	NewsScan Publishing Inc. - NewsScan Daily Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Today's Honorary subscriber is the 18th century physician Bernard Mandeville (1670-1733), who turned himself into a philosopher-poet when he published his poem, "The Grumbling Hive, or Knaves Turn'd Honest" -- in which he explains how thoroughly social progress depends on human traits and behaviors that all religions and most respectable people roundly condemn as vices.
		The poem made Mandeville infamous among his contemporaries, many of whom delighted in calling him "Mandevil." Unfazed by the public outcry against his poem, Mandeville brought out a new edition that added a prose commentary that explained in polished satiric language the plausibility of his social theory about the positive value of knavery.
		Mandeville was born in Dordrecht (near Rotterdam), Holland, where his father was a physician.
	www.newsscan.com /cgi-bin/findit_view?table=honorary_subscriber&id=696 (349 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bernard Mandeville (1670-1733) was a British philosopher and social satirist.
		Mandeville's work describes a complex society in which the unknowing cooperation of individuals, each working for his or her own interest, results in the satisfaction of society's wants.
		Mandeville's other writings include Free Thoughts on Religion, Church and Natural Happiness (1720), A Letter to Dion (1732), Enquiry into the Origin of Honour, and the Usefulness of Christianity in War (1734).
	www.business.utah.edu /go/fbt/1036 (259 words)

	Bernard Mandeville Biography / Biography of Bernard Mandeville Main Biography
		Bernard Mandeville was probably born in Rotterdam, Holland, the son of a prominent doctor.
		Mandeville's best-known work is The Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices, Publick Benefits (1714), originally published as a poem, "The Grumbling Hive, or Knaves Turned Honest" (1705).
		This was intended at first to be a political satire on the state of England in 1705, when the Tories accused the ministry of favoring the French war for their own personal gains.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-bernard-mandeville (246 words)

	Mandeville Bibliography (Prior) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A dissertation delivered at Leyden in 1689, in which Mandeville defended the Cartesian position that animals are unfeeling automata.
		Takes the interesting position that Mandeville was actually troubled by the type of society whose workings he so accurately depicted.
		Speck, "Bernard Mandeville and the Middlesex Grand Jury," Eighteenth Century Studies 11 (1978): 362-74.
	www.c18.org /biblio/mandeville.html (4226 words)

	Works. (from Saint Bernard de Clairvaux) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bernard of Clairvaux led the Cistercian order of White Monks, who adhered to the strictest form of Benedictinism, to its greatest growth and the height of its influence.
		Bernard is considered the founder of the Cistercian order and the last of the Fathers of the Church.
		French scientist and author Bernard le Bovier, sieur de Fontenelle, was described by fellow French philosopher Voltaire as the most universal mind produced by the era of Louis XIV.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-224852?tocId=224852 (781 words)

	Mandeville, "Human Beings Are Always Selfish"
		Abstract: Mandeville argues that the private vices of individuals being selfish and seeking self-interest pays off for social welfare and social progress.
		Mandeville holds the doctrines of psychological and ethical hedonism and psychological and ethical egoism.
		Whoever does good things without coveting thanks, according to Mandeville, is indulging in some secret passion or pleasure which is not immediately obvious—most notably pride.
	philosophy.lander.edu /ethics/notes-mandeville.html (561 words)

	Dr. Huenneke's Almanac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mandeville is one of those characters who seems to mean what he says, and the opposite of what he says, at the same time.
		Mandeville wrote that it is easier for a society to live without money, than it is to live without poor people.
		If Mandeville was being sarcastic, he was merely echoing the beliefs and attitudes of most of his contemporaries, who were heavily influenced by mercantilist ideas.
	warp6.cs.misu.nodak.edu /econ/almanac/al121002.html (1476 words)

	Mandeville, Bernard. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mandeville declared that the mainspring of a commercial and industrial society is the self-seeking effort of individuals.
		Religious or legal restraints are mere fictions invented by rulers and clergymen to put men under domination.
		Mandeville’s attitude was attacked by his contemporaries George Berkeley and William Law.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/MandevilB.html (164 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Private Vices, Public Benefits - Maurice Goldsmith - Paperback - REV
		Mandeville’s best known work, The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits, became notorious in the eighteenth century after it was presented by a Grand Jury for denigrating religion and virtue and recommending vices.
		In a series of issues of the Female Tatler, Mandeville had the sisters ‘Lucinda’ and ‘Artesia’ and their friend, an ‘Oxford gentleman’, ridicule the pretensions of ‘Isaac Bickerstaff’, the Censor of Great Britain, and his claim that anyone not acting for the public good or for self improvement was as good as dead.
		Goldsmith shows how Mandeville initially framed his views in The Female Tatler (1709-10) where, opposing Richard Steele's advocacy of public and private virtue in The Tatler, he contended that the development of society, prosperity and well-being depends on the vicious and selfish aspects of human nature.
	search.barnesandnoble.com /booksearch/ISBNinquiry.asp?isbn=1877275468 (445 words)

	The Enlightenment's Fable: Bernard Mandeville and the Discovery of Society:0521619424:E. J. Hundert:eCampus.com
		The Enlightenment's Fable: Bernard Mandeville and the Discovery of Society:0521619424:E. Hundert:eCampus.com
		The apprehension of society as an aggregation of self-interested individuals is a dominant modern concern, but one first systematically articulated during the Enlightenment.
		Professor Hundert examines the sources and strategies of Mandeville's science of human nature and the role of his ideas in shaping eighteenth century economic, social and moral theories.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0521619424 (72 words)

	The Economists.
		Born in Holland, Mandeville was to move to London, there to live and die.
		(1714); in it, Mandeville proposed that private vices are public benefits and that "every species of virtue is at bottom some form of gross selfishness, more or less modified." The book sort of grew in the author's hands through the years 1705-24.
		In 1723, Mandeville's book was convicted as a public nuisance by a grand jury in Middlesex.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/BiosEcon.htm (1413 words)

	BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE ... - Online Information article about BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE ...
		Mandeville's ironical paradoxes are interesting mainly as a See also:
		prejudice to deny that Mandeville had considerable philosophic insight; at the same time he was mainly negative or See also:
		Johnson (Mandeville here protests against merely speculative See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MAL_MAR/MANDEVILLE_BERNARD_DE_1670_1733.html (1283 words)

	Liberty Fund, Inc. - Check-In
		Mandeville is the wittiest and shrewdest philosopher ever to make a significant impact upon economics.
		It is all tied together by the startling and original idea that "private vices" (self-interest) lead to "publick benefits" (the development and operation of society).
		From that simple beginning, Mandeville saw that orderly social structures (such as law, language, the market, and even the growth of knowledge) were a spontaneous growth developing out of individual human actions.
	www.libertyfund.org /details.asp?displayID=1635 (209 words)

	American Babylon: Part 5
		Mandeville was a Dutch doctor and writer who lived (1670-1733) in London at a time when anti-Christian Enlightenment ideas were coming to the forefront and when London was quickly becoming the occult capital of the world.
		Mandeville became a champion of this influential underground network of upper class hedonists through his poem The Grumbling Hive published in 1705 and released again as part of his book The Fable of the Bees in 1714.
		According to Mandeville's understanding of human nature, man's primary motivation is to satisfy his own selfish sense-driven desires, and Mandeville concludes that blindly pursuing those desires, even if they cross the line into sin and vice, actually works for the betterment of the society as a whole.
	www.redmoonrising.com /AmericanBabylon/Part5.htm (10539 words)

	Philological Quarterly: Erasmus and Bernard Mandeville: a reconsideration.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Bernard Mandeville was heavily influenced by Erasmus, although their relationship has been little explored by scholars since first noted by F.B. Kaye in 1924.
		The portrayal of the vices in Mandeville's 'Fable of the Bees' especially shows many correspondences with Erasmus's 'Praise of Folly,' although Mandeville does not directly quote Erasmus.
		Mandeville appears to have regarded Erasmus as a respected authority.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:15411928&refid=holomed_1 (195 words)

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