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	Bernard of Clairvaux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bernard was the main voice of conservatism during the intellectual revival of Western Europe called the Renaissance of the 12th century and the main opponent of rising scholastic theology.
		Bernard was born into the noble class: his father, a knight named Tecelin, perished on crusade; and his mother Aleth, a daughter of the noble house of Mon-Bar, and a woman distinguished for her piety, died while Bernard was a boy.
		Bernard and the veneration of the Virgin Mary
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux (3103 words)

	SAINT BERNARD of - Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		BERNARD, ST, one of the most illustrious Christian teachers and representatives of monasticism in the Middle Ages, was born at Fontaines, near Dijon, in Burgundy, in 1091.
		Thanks to his considerate friend the abbot of Clairvaux was forced to abandon the cares of his new establishment, and in retirement and a healthful regimen to seek renewed health.
		Bernard became an object of abuse as the great preacher of a movement which had terminated so disastrously, and wrote in humility an apologetic letter to the Pope, in which the divine judgments are made as usual accountable for human folly.
	www.ccel.org /b/bernard/bernard.html (1828 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard of Clairvaux, in a medieval illuminated manuscript.
		Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, abbot and theologian (born 1090, at Fontaines, near Dijon, France; died at Clairvaux, August 21, 1153), is considered a Saint by the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches, and is recognized by Catholics as a Doctor of the Church, having been so declared in 1830.
		Bernard's resolution to become a monk was not, however, shaken, and when he at last definitely decided to join the community which Robert of Molesmes had founded at Citeaux in 1108, he took with him his brothers and many of his relations and friends.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bernard_of_Clairvaux (972 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard, the third of a family of seven children, six of whom were sons, was educated with particular care, because, while yet unborn, a devout man had foretold his great destiny.
		During an absence from Clairvaux, the Grand Prior of Cluny, Bernard of Uxells, sent by the Prince of Priors, to use the expression of Bernard, went to Clairvaux and enticed away the abbot's cousin, Robert of Châtillon.
		Bernard resumed his commentary on the "Canticle of Canticles", assisted in 1139, at the Second General Lateran Council and the Tenth Oecumenical, in which the surviving adherents of the schism were definitively condemned.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02498d.htm (3552 words)

	Bernard of Clairvaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Bernard thought that the plague of the church is inward, and it is incurable.
		Bernard fought for the primacy of the heart while Abelard fought for the primacy of reason, the controversy is an abyss and still continues.
		Bernard, considered the holiest man of his century, cried out: "The din of arms, the dangers, the labors, the fatigues of war, are the penances that God now imposes upon you.
	latter-rain.com /eccles/bernard.htm (425 words)

	bernard of clairvaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		One of these daughter monasteries, Clairvaux, was founded in 1115, in a wild valley branching from that of the Aube, on land given by Count Hugh of Troyes, and of this Bernard of Clairvaux was appointed abbot.
		Clairvaux itself had meanwhile (1135--1136) been transformed outwardly-- in spite of the reluctance of Bernard of Clairvaux, who preferred the rough simplicity of the original buildings-- into a more suitable seat for an influence that overshadowed that of Rome itself.
		Bernard of Clairvaux had in March and April 1148 accompanied the pope to the council of Reims, where he led the attack on certain propositions of the scholastic theologian Gilbert de la Porrée.
	www.crusades-history.com /Bernard-of-Clairvaux.aspx (2601 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Bernard’s father Tecelin was a knight and vassal of the Duke of Burgundy.
		Bernard was educated at Chatillon, where he was distinguished by his studious and meditative habits.
		Bernard was a man of exceptional piety and spiritual vitality.
	www.cyberhymnal.org /bio/b/e/r/bernard_c.htm (155 words)

	St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux one of the most illustrious preachers and monks of the middle ages, was born at Fontaines, near Dijon, in France.
		Bernard's resolution to become a monk was not, however, shaken, and when he at last definitely decided to join the community which Robert of Molesmes had founded at Citeaux in 1198, he carried with him his brothers and many of his relations and friends.
		Bernard's crowning triumph in the long contest was the abdication of the new antipope, the result of his personal influence.
	www.nndb.com /people/681/000094399 (2128 words)

	History Of Saint Bernard
		Bernard was born in 1090 in the Chateau of Fontaines-les Dijon, of pious parents, Aleth and Tescelin, members of the upper nobility of Burgundy.
		Bernard, on the side of Innocent II, fought vigorously in support of the Church, and his prescience and powerful personality were mostly responsible for the ultimate peaceful solution to this unspeakable blot on Church history.
		Bernard fearlessly condemned some of his contemporaries who scorned the Sacrament of Marriage, and he laid solid groundwork for the future recognition of the sanctity of this Rite, both in the Church and in Juris Prudence.
	www.stbernardstulsa.org /sbhist.html (769 words)

	Bernard Of Clairvaux
		Bernard, third son of a Burgundian nobleman, was born in 1090.
		Bernard believed that Abelard was too rationalistic in his approach, and failed to allow sufficiently for the element of mystery in the faith.
		If Bernard in controversy was fierce and not always fair, it partly because he was a man of intense feeling and dedication, quick to respond to any real or supposed threat to what he held sacred.
	jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/4618.htm (918 words)

	St. Bernard Parish, Keene, NH St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard was the third son of Tescelin Sorrel, a nobleman of Burgandy, and was sent to school under secular canons at Chatillon-sur-Seine.
		But Bernard was not destined to stay at Citeaux, even though he had gone there determined to die to the world and remain in obscurity.
		Clairvaux had been the mother house from which 68 monasteries had been founded, and the Cistercian Order went on to become one of the great influences in European life of the 13th century.
	www.stbernardkeene.com /patron.html (903 words)

	The Mystical Doctrines of St. Bernard
		"Bernard [1090-1153] was born at the close of the eleventh century of a noble Burgundian family...The decisive hour in Bernard's life struck shortly before Eater 1112, when he knocked on the door of the little monastery of Citeaux.
		Bernard "neither preached the moderate Benedictine discipline nor practiced it himself; the new Cistercian abbot was the sternest ascetic of them all.
		Bernard himself was captivated by the lowliness the Savior.
	www.veling.nl /anne/templars/bernard.html (2077 words)

	CIN - St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard of Clairvaux was born in the year 1090 at Fontaines-les-Dijon and he died 63 years later in his monastery at Clairvaux.
		Naturally enough Bernard's family were horrified at his choice, they thought it madness for a delicate young man like Bernard to attempt such a life; but he ended by taking his uncle, all his brothers, and most of his friends with him.
		The first thought of Bernard was always for the faith of simple people and in every controversy he was on the side of conservatism against novelties; but he was a friend of learning and a patron of scholars, notably of Robert Pullen and John of Salisbury.
	www.cin.org /saints/bernclai.html (1095 words)

	Bernard of Clairvaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		General history of Clairvaux: Clairvaux Abbey[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject].
		Bernard was the prosecutor in Abélard's trial for heresy.
		Bernard suspected those who learned "merely in order that they might know" for the vanity of a learned reputation.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/be/bernard_of_clairvaux.htm (5669 words)

	St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard, son of Tescelin Sorrel, and Aleth, daughter of the lord of Montbard, was born in the family castle of Fontaines, near Dijon, in Burgundy.
		Bernard was a defender of traditional authority, of "faith not as an opinion but as a certitude"; Abelard spoke for the new rationalism, represented by Anselm, and for the free exercise of human reason.
		Bernard was at first unwilling to appear; but when Abelard's supporters claimed that he was afraid to meet the recalcitrant teacher face to face, he felt obliged to attend.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/BERNARD2.htm (5445 words)

	Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Cistercian Doctor of the Church, Last of the Fathers. By M. Basil Pennington OCSO. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Bernard, the founding abbot of Clairvaux Abbey in Burgundy, was one of the most commanding Church leaders in the first half of the twelfth century as well as one of the greatest spiritual masters of all times and the most powerful propagator of the Cistercian reform.
		Stephen Harding, he was sent in 1115 to begin a new monastery near Aube: Clairvaux, the Valley of Light.
		Bernard's spiritual writing as well as his extraordinary personal magnetism began to attract many to Clairvaux and the other Cistercian monasteries, leading to many new foundations.
	www.osb.org /cist/bern.html (502 words)

	St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard (pronounced BERnard, not BerNARD) was one of the many children of the Burgundian nobleman Tescelin Sorrel and his wife Aleth.
		Bernard made such a contribution to the monastery of Citeaux that he is deservedly called that order's "second founder".
		Bernard's obvious talents, his notable spirituality and his gift of miracles, made it inevitable that he would be called on to help the wider church.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id238.htm (729 words)

	M. Gildas
		This Bernard named Claire Vallee, of Clairvaux, on the 25th of June, 1115, and the names of Bernard and Clairvaux thence became inseparable.
		During an absence from Clairvaux, the Grand Prior of Cluny, Bernard of Uxells, sent by the Prince of Priors, to use the expression of Bernard, went to Clairvaux and enticed away the abbot's cousin, Robert of Chatillon.
		In 1132, Bernard accompanied Innocent II into Italy, and at Cluny the pope abolished the dues which Clairvaux used to pay to this celebrated abbey—an action which gave rise to a quarrel between the "White Monks" and the "Black Monks" which lasted twenty years.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/CEBERNAR.htm (3393 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153 CE) was born into nobility in Burgundy, France and was educated at the school of secular canons in the town of Chatillon-sur-Seine.
		Bernard spent a short time at Citeaux before being asked to found the monastery of Clairvaux and become its abbot.
		His success at Clairvaux prompted Pope Innocent II to call on him to intervene in a conflict between Innocent and the antipope Anacletus in 1133 and 1137.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/bernard.html (177 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Bernard of Clarivaux: Apology
		In 1115 Bernard became abbot of the new Cistercian monastery at Clairvaux, a position he held until his death in 1153.
		Bernard had little time to tend his flock, though, since he soon became a religious superstar.
		Recognized as the foremost preacher of his day, he traveled widely, wrote prolifically, and was involved to the hilt in papal politics, opposition to heresy, and the planning of a crusade.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/bernard1.html (1072 words)

	Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		A holy life, a reputation for miraculous cures, and unusual eloquence made Bernard renowned, and he became the most powerful religious influence in France and, in time, in all Western Europe.
		He was tireless in journeys to make peace, and he undertook many arduous charitable missions; he stopped a wave of pogroms in the Rhineland (1146) and he repeatedly saved luckless peasants from the powerful.
		His deep devotion to the Virgin Mary and to the Infant Jesus is evident in his work, which consists of about 330 sermons, some 500 known letters, and 13 treatises.
	www.bartleby.com /65/be/BernardCSt.html (419 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Commercial Page for Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
		Botterill analyzes Bernard's appearance as a character in the closing cantos of the Paradiso in the context of his medieval reputation as a contemplative mystic, devotee of Mary, and, above all, a preacher of outstanding eloquence.
		Bernard emerges as a flexible thinker, a great dramatist and an adroit master of language, who combines the fixed pattern of monastic life with the vicissitudes of extra-mural events.
		On the one hand, Bernard's writings are composed according to the rhythm of the uninterrupted ritual of prayer and singing inside the walls of the monastery.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/stb08com.htm (834 words)

	St. Bernard of Clairvaux - Saint of the Day - American Catholic
		Shortly thereafter it was Bernard who intervened in a full-blown schism and settled it in favor of the Roman pontiff against the antipope.
		The ideals of the men and their leaders, however, were not those of Abbot Bernard, and the project ended as a complete military and moral disaster.
		Bernard felt responsible in some way for the degenerative effects of the crusade.
	www.americancatholic.org /Features/SaintOfDay?id=1113 (517 words)

	inquisition history
		Bernard demanded excommunication, imprisonment or exile, if persuasion and refutation proved fruitless, but flatly disapproved of the death penalty.
		Fides suadenda est, non imponenda, "Faith is to be produced by persuasion, not imposed by force," was his motto.
		Father Bernard Duhr, S.J., has put his finger on the deeper motives behind the institution.
	biblia.com /islam/inquisit..htm (2427 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
		At age 22, fearing the ways of the world, he, four of his brothers, and 25 friends joined the abbey of Citeaux; his father and another brother joined soon after.
		Founded and led the monastery at Clairvaux which soon had over 700 monks and 160 daughter houses.
		Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Cistercian, by Abbot M Basil Pennington, OCSO
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintb08.htm (533 words)

	The Catholic Encyclopedia - St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		Bernard was scarcely nineteen years of age when his mother died.
		Stephen had just succeeded him (1113) as third Abbot of Cîteaux, when Bernard with thirty young noblemen of Burgundy, sought admission into the order.
		In 1120 Bernard composed his first work "De Gradibus Superbiae et Humilitatis" and his homilies which he entitles "De Laudibus Mariae".
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Catholic_Encyclopedia/02498d.htm (3570 words)

	St. Bernard of Clairvaux - Catholic Online
		Bernard, Abbot and Doctor of the Church St. Bernard was born of noble parentage in Burgundy, France, in the castle of Fontaines near Dijon.
		Under the care of his pious parents he was sent at an early age to a college at Chatillon, where he was conspicuous for his remarkable piety and spirit of recollection.
		Bernard was at once appointed Abbot and began that active life which has rendered him the most conspicuous figure in the history of the 12th century.
	www.catholic.org /saints/saint.php?saint_id=559 (672 words)

	Bernard Of Clairvaux
		Bernard of Clairvaux was one of the greatest leaders in the history of the Church.
		Three years later he was appointed to supervise a group of his fellow monks in the newly founded monastery at Clairvaux.
		Many of Bernard Clairvaux's writings have been preserved and have had a great influence on both martin Luther and John Calvin.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /pastorbob/devotional/bernardofclairvaux.htm (970 words)

	Anno Domini - Christ-mysticism of Bernard of Clairvaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Anno Domini - Christ-mysticism of Bernard of Clairvaux
		In the early twelfth century, there were few individuals who so completely embodied the thought and pieties of the age as Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153).
		Having entered a monastery at twenty-two, Bernard practiced the renuncation of physical comforts - eating little, sleeping hardly at all - in order to devote himself entirely to spiritual matters.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Annodomini/THEME_10/EN/theme10-3.html (175 words)

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