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	Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Berne Convention (Switzerland) for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, sometimes called the Berne Union or Berne Convention, adopted at Berne in 1886, first established the recognition of copyrights between sovereign nations.
		The Berne Convention provided for a minimum term of copyright protection of the life of the author plus fifty years, but parties were free to provide longer terms of copyright protection, as the European Union did with the 1993 Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection.
		The United States refused initially to become a party to the Convention, since it would have required major changes in its copyright law (particularly with regard to moral rights, removal of general requirement for registration of copyright works as well as elimination of mandatory copyright notice).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works (398 words)

	Encyclopedia: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, sometimes called the Berne Union or Berne Convention, adopted at Berne in 1886, first established the recognition of copyrights between sovereign nations.
		The Berne three-step test is a set of constraints on the limitations and exceptions to exclusive rights under national copyright laws.
		The Buenos Aires Convention was a treaty proposed in 1910 which provided for copyright protection in all countries that were signatory to the convention, for a work created in any member country, where the work carries a notice containing a statement of reservation of rights.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Berne-Convention-for-the-Protection-of-Literary-and-Artistic-Works (1264 words)

	UNITED STATES JOINS THE BERNE COPYRIGHT CONVENTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Berne requires a member nation to provide the same copyright protection to authors who are nationals of other Berne member nations that it provides to its own nationals.
		Berne requires its members to meet certain minimum copyright standards, and Congress was forced to amend the Copyright Act to conform in several ways.
		Berne may also serve as a powerful vehicle for the U.S. to lobby member nations to extend copyright protection to computer software, in cases where they do not already do so.
	www.gesmer.com /publications/softcopy/7.php (613 words)

	Universal Copyright Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The UCC was developed by UNESCO as an alternative to the Berne Convention for those states which disagreed with aspects of the BerneConvention, but still wished to participate in some form of multilateral copyright protection.
		The Berne Convention, on the other hand, provided for copyright protection for a single term based on thelife of the author, and did not require registration or the inclusion of a copyright notice for copyright to exist.
		Berne Convention states were concerned that the existence of the UCC would encourage parties to the Berne Convention to leavethat convention and adopt the UCC instead.
	www.therfcc.org /universal-copyright-convention-53972.html (423 words)

	Berne Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 brings the United States, as of March 1, 1989, into the Convention of Literary and Artistic Works, a group of countries that recognizes international copyright protection, commonly known as the Berne Union or the Berne Convention.
		Each nation belonging to the Berne Convention is required to apply its own copyright laws on works from other member states, and to include certain features in its laws.
		The Berne Convention also proscribes formal registration requirements prior to judicial enforcement, so the Copyright Act as amended states "for actions for infringement of copyright in Berne Convention works whose country of origin is not the United States," registration is not required.
	www.usip.com /articles/bernec.htm (1257 words)

	U.S. Copyright Office - 128-Bit Browsers
		(1) The Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, signed at Berne, Switzerland, on September 9, 1886, and all acts, protocols, and revisions thereto (hereafter in this Act referred to as the “Berne Convention") are not self-executing under the Constitution and laws of the United States.
		Part II of the Appendix consists of provisions of the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, Pub.
		The Berne Convention entered into force in the United States on March 1, 1989.
	www.copyright.gov /title17/92appii.html (420 words)

	Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Berne Convention provided for a minimum term copyright protection of the life of the plus fifty years but parties were free provide longer terms of copyright protection as European Union did with the 1993 Directive on harmonising the term of copyright.
		The United States refused initially to become a party the Convention since it would have required changes in its copyright law (particularly with regard to moral rights and the registration of copyright works).
		the Universal Copyright Convention was adopted in 1952 to cater to its objections.
	www.freeglossary.com /Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works (375 words)

	Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Copyright under the Berne Convention is automatic: no registration is required, nor is the inclusion of acopyright notice.
		The Berne Convention provided for a minimum term of copyright protection of the life of the author plus fiftyyears, but parties were free to provide longer terms of copyright protection, as the European Union did with the 1993 Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection.
		Since almost all nations are members of the WorldTrade Organization, the TRIPS Agreement requires non-members to accept almostall of the conditions of the Berne Convention.
	www.therfcc.org /berne-convention-for-the-protection-of-literary-and-artistic-works-53947.html (322 words)

	P-14 The Universal Copyright Convention (UCC)
		Berne convention countries also became signatories of the UCC to ensure that the work of citizens in Berne Convention countries would be protected in non-Berne Convention countries.
		States that require formal registration should treat works from foreign states that are signatories of the convention as though they had been registered in the state, provided that they carry a notice which includes the © symbol and states the name of the owner.
		As with the Berne Convention, the UCC provides flexibility on how nation states implement details of the convention, and in order to understand specific aspects, it should be read in conjunction with national copyright laws.
	www.copyrightservice.co.uk /copyright/p14_universal_copyright_convention (511 words)

	Council of Europe - ETS no. 104 - Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
		The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the co-operation of several States, and to promote such co-operation.
		Any dispute between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which has not been settled on the basis of the provisions of the preceding paragraph or by negotiation between the parties concerned shall, unless the said parties agree otherwise, be submitted, at the request of one of them, to arbitration.
		This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe and non-member States which have participated in its elaboration and by the European Economic Community.
	conventions.coe.int /treaty/en/Treaties/Html/104.htm (2978 words)

	Berne Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		After adoption of the Berne Convention for the international protection of literary and artistic works in 1886, French agents collected royalties and other...
		It should be based on the Berne Convention, and should wait for the conclusion of WTO negotiations to follow the international cinema movement.
		The copyright was first ratified at the Berne Convention in 1886 by sovereign nations.
	www.wikiverse.org /berne-convention (176 words)

	Thanhnien News
		The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, adopted in Berne, Switzerland in 1886, first established the recognition of copyrights between sovereign nations.
		Copyright under the Berne Convention is automatic: no registration or inclusion of a copyright notice is required.
		The Berne Convention provides a minimum term of copyright protection for the life of the author plus fifty years, but parties are free to agree to longer terms of copyright protection, as the European Union did with the 1993 Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection.
	www.thanhniennews.com /print.php?catid=6&newsid=1081 (296 words)

	Berne Convention For The Protection Of Literary And Artistic Works - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		International Convention Further Revising the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 9 September 1886; Paris, 24 July 1971-31...
		Berne Convention for Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886-1986
		The Berne convention for the protection of literary and artistic works,: In the text revised at Brussels,
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /berne_convention_for_the_protection_of_literary_and_artistic_works.htm (145 words)

	Resources on the Berne from academic institutions
		Berne University is fully accredited by the Ministry of Education in the government of the Federation of St....
		Berne (German spelling: Bern) is the capital of Switzerland and of the canton or state named Berne.
		Communications Media Center at New York Law School: The "Berne Convention" is the Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, signed at Berne, Switzerland, on September 9, 1886, and all acts...
	mongabay.org /conservation/Berne.htm (982 words)

	Berne Convention
		Authors of literary and artistic works protected by this Convention shall enjoy the exclusive right of making and of authorizing the translation of their works throughout the term of protection of their rights in the original works.
		The provisions of this Convention shall not preclude the making of a claim to the benefit of any greater protection which may be granted by legislation in a country of the Union.
		The Acts previously in force sha ll continue to be applicable, in their entirety or to the extent that this Act does not replace them by virtue of the preceding sentence, in relations with countries of the Union which do not ratify or accede to this Act.
	www.lexinformatica.org /copyright/berne.html (8527 words)

	Copyright Law of the United States of America: Appendix II. Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Congress makes the following declarations: (1) The Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, signed at Berne, Switzerland, on September 9, 1886, and all acts, protocols, and revisions thereto (hereafter in this Act referred to as the "Berne Convention") are not self-executing under the Constitution and laws of the United States.
		The provisions of the Berne Convention- (1) shall be given effect under title 17, as amended by this Act, and any other relevant provision of Federal or State law, including the common law; and (2) shall not be enforceable in any action brought pursuant to the provisions of the Berne Convention itself.
		This Act and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the date on which the Berne Convention (as defined in section 101 of title 17, United States Code) enters into force with respect to the United States.
	www.theparentingsearch.com /copyright/15.shtml (348 words)

	Trade Compliance Center - Making America's Trade Agreements Work for You! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The expression "published works" means works published with the consent of their authors, whatever may be the means of manufacture of the copies, provided that the availability of such copies has been such as to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, having regard to the nature of the work.
		Authors shall enjoy, in respect of works for which they are protected under this Convention, in countries of the Union other than the country of origin, the rights which their respective laws do now or may hereafter grant to their nationals, as well as the rights specially granted by this Convention.
		This Convention shall apply to all works which, at the moment of its coming into force, have not yet fallen into the public domain in the country of origin through the expiry of the term of protection.
	www.tcc.mac.doc.gov /cgi-bin/doit.cgi?204:64:264821346:16 (9287 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Berne Convention, last revised in 1971, is the principal treaty protecting authors and composers of music.
		At least 150 countries are members of the Berne Convention, which is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), a United Nations body based in Geneva, Switzerland.
		The Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorised Duplication of their Phonograms, known as the "Geneva Phonograms Convention," protects against unauthorised duplication of sound recordings, and against unauthorised import and distribution of such copies.
	www.ifpi.org /site-content/legal/treaties.html (756 words)

	Berne Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Berne Convention on the conservation of European and natural habitats
		Amendments to Appendix I to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats Done at Berne 19 September 1979: Adopted by t...
		Amendments to Appendices I and II to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Done at Berne on 19 September 1979:...
	www.freeglossary.com /Berne_Convention (281 words)

	Berne Convention For The Protection Of Literary And Artistic Works Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
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	www.folkartmuseum.com /search/encyclopedia/Berne_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Literary_and_Artistic_Works (846 words)

	Berne Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Berne Convention was first adopted in the 1880s and has been revised several times, most recently in 1979.
		Under Berne, works created by a national of a member country will be protected in all other member countries according to the originating countries' law.
		Berne is now administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
	www.hilbornehawkin.com /berne.htm (55 words)

	FCLJ v48n1, Crowley
		In 1886, a convention took place in Berne, Switzerland that spawned the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention or Convention) and an international copyright union.(15) The Convention was the result of "over 25 years of study and conferences which were undertaken by representatives of authors and artists.
		Acceding to the Berne Convention has changed "U.S. copyright law more than any other single event in its 200-year history."(51) The notice requirement was eliminated as a prerequisite to receiving copyright protection.
		The goal of the United States' entry into the Berne Convention was to strike a balance between national values and international harmony in the intellectual property arena.
	www.law.indiana.edu /fclj/pubs/v48/no1/crowley.html (7236 words)

	IViR - Publications - Lucie Guibault - Discussion paper on the question ofExceptions to and limitations on copyright ...
		Article 10(2) of the WCT must be read in conjunction with Article 20 of the Berne Convention, according to which provisions included in a separate copyright agreement may only increase the protection granted to authors or at least maintain the same level of protection [43].
		The Berne Convention 's mandatory right to make quotations, at Article 10(1), may also be invoked as a means to promote research, criticism and dissemination of knowledge, provided that their making is compatible with fair practice, and their extent does not exceed that justified by the purpose [69].
		Nowhere in the Berne Convention is it stated however that an author may not object to the performance or broadcast of his work in the family circle [92] or to its reproduction for private use [93].
	www.ivir.nl /publications/guibault/final-report.html (17140 words)

	The Bern Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is an international copyright treaty originally signed in 1889, revised in 1971, and amended in 1979.
		Signatories of the Convention agree to recognize the moral rights of integrity and attribution of creative works and the economic rights to produce, reproduce, distribute, and perform works of creation.
		Protection under the Berne Convention is independent of protection granted in individual states.
	www.tzanis.org /Courses/Session8/Fairuse/1b.htm (245 words)

	Universal Copyright Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The UCC was developed by UNESCO as an alternative to the Berne Convention for those states which disagreed with aspects of the Berne Convention, but still wished to participate in some form of multilateral copyright protection.
		The Berne Convention states also became party to the UCC, so that their copyrights would exist in non-Berne convention states.
		The Berne Convention, on the other hand, provided for copyright protection for a single term based on the life of the author, and did not require registration or the inclusion of a copyright notice for copyright to exist.
	www.eurofreehost.com /un/Universal_Copyright_Convention.html (381 words)

	BERNE CONVENTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Consequently, apart from the provisions of this Convention, the extent of protection, as well as the means of redress afforded to the author to protect his rights, shall be governed exclusively by the laws of the country where protection is claimed.
		However, when the author is not a national of the country of origin of the work for which he is protected under this Convention, he shall enjoy in that country the same rights as national authors.
		The provisions of the preceding Article shall also apply in the case of a work of joint authorship, provided that the terms measured from the death of the author shall be calculated from the death of the last surviving author.
	www.cerebalaw.com /berne.htm (3283 words)

	WTO \| WTO analytical index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice - Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property ...
		“Berne Convention” refers to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; “Berne Convention (1971)” refers to the Paris Act of this Convention of 24 July 1971.
		The Panel also considered a provision of the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties with respect to the TRIPS Agreement and the Berne Convention (1971).
		Its tenor, consistent as it is with the provisions of Article 9(2) of the Berne Convention (1971), discloses that it was not intended to provide for exceptions or limitations except for those of a limited nature.
	www.wto.org /english/res_e/booksp_e/analytic_index_e/trips_01_e.htm (9325 words)

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