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	Philosophy of Law
		Bernhard Goetz was indicted for a variety of crimes, 10 offenses in all.
		If we forget for a moment the multiple counts, Goetz was accused of having committed at least four separate and distinct crimes, all arising out of his having used his gun that morning: possessing a loaded gun in public, recklessly endangering the lives of others, criminal assault, and attempted murder.
		As the prosecutor in the Goetz case argued, it was a matter of chance that one of the shots fired by Goetz did not injure an innocent bystander.
	people.brandeis.edu /~teuber/lawgoetz.html (1290 words)

	Philosophy of Law
		Goetz again chose not to [*103] testify, though the tapes of his two statements were played for the grand jurors, as had been done with the first Grand Jury.
		Goetz was arraigned on this indictment on March 28, 1985, and it was consolidated with the earlier three-count indictment.
		Goetz also argues that the introduction of an objective element will preclude a jury from considering factors such as the prior experiences of a given actor and thus, require it to make a determination of "reasonableness" without regard to the actual circumstances of a particular incident.
	people.brandeis.edu /~teuber/lawgoetzcase.html (6841 words)

	Hardly the Trial of the Century
		As the prosecution of Bernhard Goetz unfolded, it became clear to me that this was a case in which the theory of criminal law was indispensable to a proper understanding of what was going on.
		Goetz for a variety of charges stemming from his December 1984 encounter in a New York City subway [p.1308] with four young fl males who approached him, asked him for money, and were shot.
		Perhaps the incident which gave Bernhard Goetz his measure of notoriety was interesting because it typified a longstanding conflict in the law of self- defense.
	saf.org /LawReviews/Zimring3.html (1574 words)

	Stories and verdicts: Bernhard Goetz and New York in crisis College Literature - Find Articles
		It was born amid the tensions and anxieties of the urban crisis.
		Goetz may not have noticed it as he entered, but the other passengers had moved to the far end of the car.
		Goetz, interpreting this behavior as the prelude to a mugging, took a gun from his pocket and fired five bullets.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3709/is_199801/ai_n8770775 (922 words)

	newStandard: 5/02/96
		Goetz, his 11-year career as a defendant finally ended by last month's $43 million civil judgment against him, is leaving his hometown to go where he's still wanted -- most likely Boston, although St. Louis, San Diego and Cleveland are possibilities, said his lawyer, Darnay Hoffman.
		Goetz, who recently filed for bankruptcy, is considering high-paying job offers in each of those cities, as well as some overseas opportunities -- about a dozen in all, Mr.
		Goetz, who claimed he was seconds from becoming a mugging victim when he opened fire, was acquitted of attempted murder in 1987 but served 8® months on a weapons charge.
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-96/05-03-96/2goetz.htm (426 words)

	Bernhard Goetz - The Subway Vigilante « Retten til selvforsvar
		Goetz looked up and, as he would say later, saw that Canty’s “eyes were shiny, and he was enjoying himself… He had a big smile on his face,” and somehow that smik and those eyes set him off.
		Goetz reached into his pocket and pulled out a chrome-plated five-shot Smith and Wes-son.38, firing at each of the four youths in turn.
		Two years after the Goetz shooting, Ramseur was sentenced to twenty-five years in prison for rape, robbery, sodomy, sexual abuse, assault, criminal use of a firearm, and possession of stolen property.
	rettentilselvforsvar.wordpress.com /2007/12/13/bernhard-goetz-the-subway-vigilante (1401 words)

	Prosecutor Urges Judge to Jail Goetz - New York Times
		Bernhard H. Goetz, who was exonerated in June in the shooting of four teen-agers on a Manhattan subway train, should receive a ''substantial prison sentence'' for illegally carrying the gun he used, the Manhattan District Attorney's office said yesterday.
		Goetz, whose actions and subsequent trial sparked a worldwide debate on self-defense and the right to bear arms, faces a maximum of seven years in prison on the gun conviction when he is sentenced Monday by Acting Justice Stephen G. Crane in State Supreme Court in Manhattan.
		Goetz's sanity in spite of the fact that he has been caused three years of great hardship and financial ruin as a result of the preposterous case that was pursued against him,'' he said.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7DE1038F937A25753C1A961948260 (689 words)

	The Legitimacy of Vigilanteism
		Treating Bernhard Goetz's shooting of four hoodlums as merely an act of self-defense is inconsistent with the evidence and more importantly diminishes the moral character of his act.
		Goetz's shooting of Canty and company was to be sure a hybrid form of vigilanteism, in that it had an act of self-defense as its triggering event.
		Goetz guilty of illegally possessing a gun." Catherine Brody, one of the jurors who was initially most inclined to convict, was present at the sentencing.
	www.saf.org /LawReviews/Cohen1.html (5380 words)

	newStandard: 4/25/96
		Goetz was in the courtroom for the verdict; Mr.
		Goetz a symbol of the nation's twin obsessions: race and crime.
		Goetz's annual income fell from $100,000 a year to about $20,000 in the years since the shooting, and he went through $60,000 in donations and $250,000 of his own money on legal costs.
	www.s-t.com /daily/04-96/04-24-96/2goetz.htm (767 words)

	Bernhard Goetz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Goetz refused to hand over his gun to the conductor, stating "They tried to rob me" and left the train which had stopped because during the shooting someone pulled the emergency brake.
		The "subway vigilante", as Goetz was labeled by the New York tabloids, was front page news for months, partly due to the repressed passions it unleashed in New York and other urban areas.
		The court held that Goetz's actual belief that he was in imminent danger was not dispositive because the standard is not purely subjective.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bernhard_Goetz (2821 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		Goetz too the law into his own hands, gunning down four men he says were robbing him, an exclusive hour with the subway vigilante, Bernhard Goetz.
		GOETZ: Yes, I was shocked and offended that the system in New York went to a great extent, went to a lot of trouble -- spent a lot of resources trying to catch someone who had shot a bunch of muggers.
		GOETZ: I was mugged and got a rather brutal beating about a year or a year and a half prior to that.
	transcripts.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0412/17/lkl.01.html (6276 words)

	[No title]
		The train came to a stop between stations and Goetz managed to escape through the opening between two cars and he would not be seen again for well over a week.
		On April 24, 1996, a jury found that Goetz had acted recklessly and deliberately inflicted emotion distress on Cabey and awarded him $43M in damages ($18 million for past and future pain and suffering and $25 million in punitive damages).
		Bernhard Goetz announced his intention to leave his beloved New York shortly after the announcement in the civil case.
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~ungert/teaching/billy/docs/stanza_5/Bernhard_Goetz.doc (854 words)

	NYT > Bernhard H. Goetz
		THE headlines last week after Bernhard Goetz was found liable in the 1984 subway shooting of a Bronx teen-ager extracted a straightforward meaning from the case: Mr.
		Bernhard Goetz's lawyer told a Bronx jury his client was "a jerk" and that "someone should punch him in the mouth" for uttering racist epithets.
		Goetz's flawed character should not obscure that he was justified in shooting four teen-agers he thought were about to rob him on the subway a decade ago.
	topics.nytimes.com /top/reference/timestopics/people/g/bernhard_h_goetz/index.html?rss=1 (1074 words)

	CNN - $43 million awarded in Goetz suit - Apr. 23, 1996
		NEW YORK (CNN) -- A jury found against gunman Bernhard Goetz Tuesday in the $50 million civil lawsuit filed against him by one of the four young fl men he shot in 1984 on a Manhattan subway.
		Goetz was acquitted of attempted murder in a 1987 criminal trial, but was convicted of illegal weapons possession.
		But defense attorney Darnay Hoffman said it was Cabey and his friends, not Goetz, who had been looking for trouble.
	www.cnn.com /US/9604/23/goetz (525 words)

	25. The Subway Vigilante
		Goetz slipped away at the Chambers Street Station, rented a car and drove to Bennington, Vermont, where he disposed of the pistol and the windbreaker in the woods.
		In this environment, individuals like Bernhard Goetz who took the law into their own hands were likely to be hailed as heroes.
		Goetz was sued for $50 million in compensatory and punitive damages by Cabey, who was paralyzed and brain damaged by the shooting.
	eightiesclub.tripod.com /id311.htm (1343 words)

	Collection Anime: A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on Trial - $16.00 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The popular press dubbed him "the subway vigilante": Bernhard Goetz, who on December 22, 1984, shot four fl youths on a New York subway train when one of them asked fоr five dollars.
		Goetz claimed to have firеd in sеlf-dеfеnsе, out of fear that the young men were about to rob him.
		I think it was at that point that society tried and convicted Goetz in their own hearts as a cold-blooded slayer of four young кids.
	www.collection-anime.com /tovar30323236323533333431.html (994 words)

	GAUGING REASONABILITY IN GOETZ CASE - New York Times
		Goetz ''reasonably'' believed that the youths were about to cause him serious physical harm or to rob him.
		Goetz was ''reasonable'' in believing that deadly force was necessary to avert the peril he perceived.
		Goetz, the nature of any approach to him, expressions or mannerisms that might be deemed menacing, and ''probably, too, race.'' The four youths are fl; Mr.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DA1438F932A05756C0A961948260 (650 words)

	Chronicle editorial: Goetz case part of pattern
		Tuesday's verdict against subway gunman Bernhard Goetz is the second step in what is becoming a two-tiered system of American justice, one criminal, one civil.
		Goetz can never again be imprisoned or fined by the state in that case, even though he has little money to satisfy the civil judgment.
		In the end, Goetz's civil trial certainly illustrates the proposition that a trial is a procedure to determine which side has the better lawyer.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/editorial/96/04/25/goetz.0-0.html (375 words)

	Bernard Goetz
		Three years after the shooting, Goetz, a 39-year-old electronics specialist, was acquitted of attempted murder and assault, but was convicted of criminal possession of an unlicensed weapon and spent 250 days in jail.
		Goetz said he started firing because he thought the four men were about to rob him.
		After the verdict, Goetz' lawyer Barry Slotnick said, "I think the true message is that people have a right to protect and defend themselves under justifiable situations." Goetz said he wants to "go back to being an anonymous stranger in New York," said Slotnick in a June 17, 1987 Toronto Star article.
	www.heroism.org /class/1980/goetz.htm (309 words)

	Bernhard Goetz@Everything2.com
		Bernhard Goetz, a white electronics engineer, was beaten and robbed by a group of young fl men in a New York subway station in 1981.
		Many saw Goetz as a hero merely defending himself from rampant crime (all four had been arrested or convicted of previous crimes), while others viewed him as a racist who gunned down four unarmed men.
		Goetz was acquitted of attempted murder charges, but he did serve 8 ½ months in jail on a weapons charge.
	www.everything2.com /?node_id=791882 (498 words)

	Court TV Verdicts: Cabey v. Goetz
		That was the central issue in the civil lawsuit filed against Goetz by Darrell Cabey, one of the victims in the attack.
		Goetz's defense was just as simple: He fired in self-defense when approached by four muggers who tried to shake him down for $5.
		After Goetz was called to the witness stand by Cabey's lawyers, he was expected to testify again when the defense presented its case.
	www.courttv.com /archive/verdicts/goetz.html (544 words)

	Bernhard Goetz - the 'Subway Vigilante'
		The train came to a stop between stations and Goetz managed to escape through the opening between two cars and he would not be seen again for well over a week.
		Goetz claimed he believed he was being robbed.
		Bernhard Goetz announced his intention to leave his beloved New York shortly after the announcement in the civil case.
	www.awesome80s.com /Awesome80s/News/1984/December/Subway_Vigilante_Goetz.asp (1070 words)

	Bernhard Hugo Goetz - NYWiki
		Bernhard Hugo Goetz became a symbol of New York's seeming inability to control violent crime in the 1980s after he shot Barry Allen, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, and Darrell Cabey in 1984 on an express train in The Bronx.
		Allen, Canty, Ramseur, and Cabey were allegedly on their way to rob an arcade in Manhattan; they attempted to mug Goetz on the train, not knowing he was carrying a gun.
		A Crime of Self-Defense: Bernhard Goetz and the Law on...
	www.nywiki.com /new-york-city/index.php/Bernard_Goetz (236 words)

	Bernhard Hugo Goetz Biography \| World of Criminal Justice
		Goetz claimed that he had shot the youths in self-defense, believing they were about to rob him.
		Goetz then became the focus of a massive hunt for what the newspapers soon dubbed the "Subway Vigilante." The story seemed to strike a chord with the public.
		Goetz told her, "I think what I did was appropriate or reasonable....Just appropriate and reasonable under the circumstances....I saw what was going to happen.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/bernhard-hugo-goetz-cri (1053 words)

	Court TV Online - U. S. - Case of "Subway vigilante" influences Diallo officers' defense
		Goetz, a white man who had been mugged before, was tried amid protests and cries of racism.
		Before Goetz stood trial, a New York court dismissed the attempted murder charges because it found that Goetz believed his life was in danger when he shot the four youths.
		Goetz’s jury found his actions to be reasonable under the circumstances and acquitted him.
	www.courttv.com /archive/national/diallo/020400_goetz_ctv.html (830 words)

	Ballseye's Boomers: Death Wish and Bernhard Goetz - Both An Inspiration
		Goetz then immediately looked at the first two men to make sure they were "taken care of." Goetz then saw Cabey moving on the bench and confessed to approaching Cabey and saying, "You don't look too bad; here's another," and then attempted to shoot Cabey again in the stomach, with an empty gun.
		Goetz would have kept his mouth shut, if he would have let the witnesses do the talking, if he would have let the 4 guys he shot do the talking, he probably only would have been convicted of possession of a firearm and never been convicted in civil court.
		Goetz read the situation correctly, and he was, as I believe it to have been, in grave danger when he drew and fired; or at least a reasonable person would have thought so.
	ballseyesboomers.blogspot.com /2008/01/death-wish-and-bernhard-goetz-both.html (3468 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Two Wrongs
		Published On By MARIE B. 1984, an electronics expect named Bernhard Goetz became a hero by pulling out a gun and shooting four teenagers who, he told the conductor of the IRI subway train on which he was riding, tried to rip him off.
		Bernhard Goetz, who was mugged on the train in 1981, was a regular subway rider even after that assault.
		But in Bernhard Goetz, something finally snapped, and he told four Black teenagers that he had five dollars for each of them, and pulled out his gun and shot them.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=238360 (593 words)

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