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	Bernhard Karlgren - Plagiarism on Wikipedia
		Bernhard Karlgren (1889 - 1978) was a Swedish sinologist and eminent philologist, and the founder of Swedish sinology as a scholarly discipline.
		Karlgren was first to use European-style principles of historical linguistics to study the Chinese language, and reconstructed what he believed were the phonetics of what is now called Middle Chinese, as well as the phonetics of Old Chinese.
		Göran Malmqvist, Bernhard Karlgren: ett forskarporträtt [Bernhard Karlgren: Portrait of a Scholar], Stockholm: Norstedts.
	www.wikipedia-watch.org /plagiarism/0971.html (902 words)

	Bernhard Karlgren at AllExperts
		Karlgren's published his first scholary article by the age of 16 about dialect studies from the province of Dalarna.
		In 1918, Karlgren was appointed Professor of East Asian Philology at the University of Gothenburg, where he taught Chinese and Japanese.
		Karlgren was first to use European-style principles of historical linguistics to study the Chinese language, and reconstructed the phonetics of what is now called Middle Chinese, as well as the phonetics of Old Chinese.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/be/bernhard_karlgren.htm (974 words)

	Encyclopedia: Bernhard Karlgren (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bernhard Karlgren (1889 - 1978) was a Swedish sinologist and eminent philologist, and the founder of Swedish sinology as a scholarly discipline.
		Karlgren studied at Uppsala University between 1907-1909, where he majored in Russian under Professor J. Lundell, a Slavicist interested in comparative phonology, and decided that he wanted to apply the methods of comparative historical phonology to Chinese, which had not yet been so studied.
		GÃ¶ran Malmqvist, Bernhard Karlgren: ett forskarportrÃ¤tt [Bernhard Karlgren: Portrait of a Scholar], Stockholm: Norstedts.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bernhard-Karlgren (1182 words)

	Bernhard Karlgren - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Karlgren studied at Uppsala University between 1907-1909, where he majored in Russian under Professor J.
		In 1918, Karlgren was appointed Professor of East Asian Philology at the University of Gothenburg, where he taught Chinese and Japanese.
		Karlgren was first to use European-style principles of historical linguistics to study the Chinese language, and reconstructed the phonetics of what is now called Middle Chinese, as well as the phonetics of Old Chinese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bernhard_Karlgren (825 words)

	ArtsConnectEd
		Karlgren’s discussion of these famous ritual vessels and animals is stimulating and enlightening, for his observations and theories cover many aspects of an art that still presents perplexing problems.
		Such information is part of the general knowledge concerning Chinese bronzes; it is Dr. Karlgren’s theories and conclusions with regard to special aspects of the vessels and the civilization they represent that contribute to the value of his catalogue of the Pillsbury bronzes.
		Karlgren has always maintained that a chronological scheme based on historical periods rather than on stylistic periods, which display definite developments in the bronze art, is unsatisfactory and false.
	www.artsconnected.org /search/text.cfm?DBowner=mia&id=1489&nonav=no (1785 words)

	Amazon.com: Analytic Dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese: Books: Bernhard Karlgren (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Karlgren uses a current version of IPA at the time of writing (first publication was 1923).
		Karlgren shows the IPA of Mandarin, Cantonese, and Japanese, and please note, these are not "romanizations" or "transliterations".
		What Karlgren wrote is that Cantonese middle Ru Sheng is marked with a circle instead of a half-circle, and in the expected position of bottom-right side of the word.
	www.amazon.com /Analytic-Dictionary-Sino-Japanese-Bernhard-Karlgren/dp/0486218872 (2027 words)

	Swedish Sinology: A Historical Perspective
		Karlgren also made significant contributions to the study of ancient Chinese religion and of early bronzes.
		While for Karlgren sinology was mainly the study of the classical Chinese language and culture, Malmqvist has broadened the concept to include the modern era.
		[Bernhard Karlgren: Portrait of a Scholar] (Stockholm: Norstedts.
	www.cityu.edu.hk /ccs/Newsletter/newsletter9/swedishSinology.html (4332 words)

	texte
		Bernhard Karlgren, "The Early History of the Chou li and Tso chuan Texts", Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1931, n° 3.
		Bernhard Karlgren, "Glosses on the Book of Odes", Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, n° 14, 1942 ; n° 16, 1944 ; n° 18, 1946.
		Bernhard Karlgren, "The Book of Documents", Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, n° 21, 1949, p.
	expositions.bnf.fr /chine/pavillon/3/2_10.htm (587 words)

	Literary Chinese Viewed in the Light of Literary Latin
		Karlgren stresses that the far greater phonetic diversity of that period, the abundance of sound distinctions which are no longer made in modern, particularly northern, Chinese meant that the language was much clearer to the ear, less ambiguous, than it would seem from pronouncing it as if it were modern Chinese.
		Karlgren has concurred that not even in the third century B.C.E. when literary activity was at a peak was there a standard literary language uninfluenced by the author's own dialect.
		Bernhard Karlgren cited the example of an edict posted about the country to illustrate the effect of the flexible phonetic nature of the script:
	www.humancomp.org /ftp/yijing/litchinese_in_light_of_litlatin.html (13839 words)

	Svenska Akademien (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Following introductory studies of Chinese under the great Swedish Sinologist Bernhard Karlgren at Stockholm University College, Malmqvist studied in China between 1948 and 1950.
		From the time after his election to the Swedish Academy in 1985, the over-five-hundred-page memoir on his teacher Bernhard Karlgren is of particular note: Bernhard Karlgren – ett forskarporträtt (1995; ‘Bernhard Karlgren – portrait of a scholar’).
		With exceptional insight and distinctness he here follows Karlgren’s path through the pioneering era of Sinology from his early dialectological fieldwork in China (1910–1912), which made it possible to reconstruct the sound pattern of mediaeval Chinese, to the astounding reconstruction of Old Chinese.
	www.svenskaakademien.se /litiuminformation/site/page.asp?Page=3&IncPage=848&Destination=158 (733 words)

	Unicode Han Database
		The position of this character in Bernhard Karlgren's Grammata Serica Recensa (1957).
		Berkeley: University of California., <http://stedt.berkeley.edu/> • Karlgren 1957.
		The index of this character in _Analytic Dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese_ by Bernhard Karlgren, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1974.
	www.unicode.org /Public/UNIDATA/Unihan.html (6119 words)

	Review by \| Victor Mair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		What the great Bernhard Karlgren did for historical phonology, E Bruce Brooks and A Taeko Brooks have done for the analysis of ancient Chinese texts.
		Of course, both Karlgren and the Brookses have their predecessors in China, Japan, and the West.
		But it was Karlgren and the Brookses who first established their respective Sinological subfields as rigorous, systematic disciplines and who first applied these disciplines in a coherent and thorough fashion.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/publications/books/analects/reviews/mair0.html (461 words)

	Amazon.fr: bernhard: Livres en anglais (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bernhard Riemann's Gesammelte Mathematische Werke Und Wissenschaftlicher Nachlass, Hrsg.
		Papers in Honour of Bernhard Banaschewski: Proceedings of the Bb Fest 96, a Conference Held at the University of Cape Town, 15-20 July 1996, on Category Theory and Its Applications to Topology, par Guillaume Brummer, Christopher R. Gilmour, et Guillaume Br]mmer (Relié - janvier 2001)
		The Rhetoric of National Dissent: In Thomas Bernhard, Peter Handke, and Elfriede Jelinek par Matthias Konzett (Relié - juin 2000)
	www.amazon.fr /s?ie=UTF8&tag=544-21&pg=15&rh=i:books-us,k:bernhard&page=1 (786 words)

	When you ask the average sinologist intersted in historical linguistics what he or she considers the most important ...
		This is not to suggest, of course, that Karlgren came out of the void as some kind of inscrutable prodigy of sinological learning.
		He was firmly rooted in a long and glorious tradition of Chinese phonological, semasiological, and evidential research, which, in the form of Duan Yucai’s (1735-1815) Gu shiqi bu xiesheng biao [Table of phonophoric series in the old seventeen rime groups], had even produced a fairly well-known structural model for the compilation of the GSR.
		N.G.D. Malmqvist, Bernhard Karlgren: ett forskarportrett [Svenska Akademiens Minnesteckningar], Stockholm : Norstedt 1995.
	www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de /gpc/behr/HTML/Excellence.htm (2716 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters
		The ChaoZhou-ShanTou unified transcription mentions that the -n is a nasalisation of the preceeding vowel rather than a consonant ending and -h is a glottal stop, though the latter (8) is not shown in Karlgren's IPA representations.
		Karlgren's reconstructions shown here are from 1915, and may have been superceeded by other reconstructions by other eminent linguists of the Chinese language.
		We have not relied too much on Karlgren's readings, rather, they were used as a handy reference to possible sounds of Chinese many centuries ago.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5340 words)

	Ubcpress.ca :: University of British Columbia Press
		Published in the early part of this century, Bernhard Karlgren's classic work Etudes sur la phonologie chinoise laid the foundation in western sinology for the scientific reconstruction of Chinese pronunciation.
		A comparison of both EMC and LMC with Karlgren's "Ancient Chinese," as he called the Qieyun language, is given in one of the appendices to the book.
		A second appendix gives a new reconstruction of Early Mandarin (EM) of the 13th and 14th century as presented in the Zhongyuan yin yun, a rhyme dictionary of the early 14th century.
	www.ubcpress.ubc.ca /search/title_book.asp?BookID=1496 (420 words)

	Did Qin Emperor speak mandarin - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Ancient Chinese, the spoken Chinese of the Warring States, and Middle Chinese, the form spoken in the Age of Fragmentation and Tang dynasty, have had to be reconstructed from written sources by linguistics experts like the late Bernhard Karlgren.
		Karlgren based most his of research on the rhyme and fanqie tables compiled during the Tang, Song, Ming dynasties.
		Most of the organizational and compilation work was already done long before he came; all he did was to generate a phonology from that.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=226&st=45&p=4758523&#entry4758523 (1709 words)

	[BIG5 ¤j¤ ] Karlgren, É tudes sur la phonologie chinoise. Dialects
		There are seven characters that are in Karlgren's book that have no equivalent representation in Big5 so the following symbols are used to show the relation between the characters in each "equation" with the location of the characters concerned.
		Characters given in this document list the characters appearing in the main entries with the asterisk *, the last two digits of the number of each character, (numbers less than ten will appear single digit, those greater than 99 and less than n10 where n is the hundred numeral, shall appear with prefix 0, e.g.
		This was created to provide an easy tool for locating characters within this work by Karlgren, rather having to look up via his reconstructed "old" Chinese pronunciations.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /chinese/zhgyyxyj.htm (680 words)

	Amazon.ca: Bernhard - Foreign Language / Dictionaries & Thesauri: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture by Bernhard Maier and Cyril Edwards (Hardcover - Jun 1997)
		Philology and Ancient China by Bernhard Karlgren (Hardcover - Jun 1981)
		Analytic Dictionary of Chinese and Sino-Japanese by Bernhard Karlgren (Paperback - Jun 1980)
	www.amazon.ca /s?ie=UTF8&rh=n:929540,p_27:Bernhard&page=1 (162 words)

	Taipei Times - archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Finally he sought the help of the great sinologist, Bernhard Karlgren, and was so dazzled by the hint of poetic possibilities in Karlgren's interpretations that he changed his course of studies from Latin to Chinese.
		In 1948, near the end of the Chinese Civil War, Malmqvist went to the heartland of China to study regional Chinese dialects.
		After Karlgren's death, Malmqvist became the most prominent Swedish sinologist.
	www.taipeitimes.com /News/feat/archives/2001/02/01/71918/wiki (1276 words)

	Chinese language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Categorization of the development of Chinese is a subject of scholarly debate.
		One of the first systems was devised by the Swedish linguist Bernhard Karlgren; what follows is a modern revision of his system.
		Old Chinese, sometimes known as 'Archaic Chinese', was the language common during the early and middle Zhou Dynasty (11th to 7th centuries B.C.), texts of which include inscriptions on bronze artifacts, the poetry of the Shijing, the history of the Shujing, and portions of the Yijing (I Ching).
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/c/ch/chinese_language.html (3535 words)

	STEDT: The Sino-Tibetan Family
		The great Swedish Sinologist, Bernhard Karlgren, basing his work on the pioneering philological research of 18th and 19th c.
		Secondly, there is no reason to suppose that the MC phonological system of the Qie Yun was the exact lineal descendant of the OC system deduced from the Shi Jing rhymes and the graphic structure of the characters (in the sense that, e.g.
		Despite the ingenuity of Karlgren's successors in patching up this or that aspect of his reconstructions -- or perhaps because of this very ingenuity -- Chinese historical phonology has until recently been in danger of degenerating into a kind of scholasticism: endless reinterpretations of the same data.
	stedt.berkeley.edu /html/STfamily.html (3044 words)

	Bernhard Karlgren - China-related Topics BE-BH - China-Related Topics
		Bernhard Karlgren - China-related Topics BE-BH - China-Related Topics
		Bernhard Karlgren (1889 - 1978) was a SwedenSwedish sinologysinologist.
		His full name was Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren, and his Chinese penname is 高本漢 (Gao Benhan).
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Bernhard_Karlgren (204 words)

	Chinese
		Some scholars, including some foreign pathbreakers like Bernhard Karlgren, have made good use of the phonetic elements in reconstructing the pronunciation of earlier stages of Chinese.
		Specialists like Karlgren (1940: 187) may be able to correct Soothill's misplacement of this character under the phonetic mén by noting that it is a derivative made up by combining elements which include key no.169 'door' and a rare phonetic (the bottom part of the character) which had the early pronunciation kwan:
		More knowledgeable readers such as the specialized scholars Bernhard Karlgren and William S.-Y. Wang are able to discern corespondence between phonetic elements and full characters that is not apparent to ordinary readers.
	www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/visible (9905 words)

	Early China
		A word-for-word translation of all authentic chapters, by Bernhard Karlgren.
		Karlgren, Bernhard, "The Book of Documents," BMFEA 22 (1950) 1-81.
		Karlgren, Bernhard, On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~rhart/courses/earlychina (779 words)

	Ubcpress.ca :: University of British Columbia Press
		Early Middle Chinese is the language of the Qieyun rhyme dictionary of AD 601, which codified the standard literary language of both North and South China the preceding period of division.
		Pulleyblank's reconstruction is a thorough reworking of that of Bernhard Karlgren, completed in the twenties, and in some respects differs radically from it.
		Another useful feature of the Lexicon is the inclusion of the numbers in Karlgren's Grammata Serica for characters that are included in that work.
	www.ubcpress.ubc.ca /search/title_book.asp?BookID=1495 (438 words)

	A Short Guide to Chinese Phonetics
		For the most part, all existing dialects have their basis in Middle Chinese (although they may have some elements that predate it; this is unclear).
		The spellings here are based on Bernhard Karlgren's groundbreaking work on Middle Chinese.
		The four tones of Middle Chinese are level, rising, falling, and entering, and are denoted by linguists by 1, 3, 5, and [no mark], respectively.
	www.isi.edu /~brian/chinese/guide.html (1125 words)

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