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	Brockhouse, Bertram N.
		Brockhouse developed a variant technique known as inelastic neutron scattering, in which the relative energies of the scattered neutrons are measured to yield additional data.
		Brockhouse was educated at the University of British Columbia (B.A., 1947) and at the University of Toronto (M.A., 1948; Ph.D., 1950).
		Brockhouse used inelastic neutron scattering in his pioneering examination of phonons, which are units of the lattice vibrational energy expended by the scattered neutrons.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/711_32.html (198 words)

	Bertram Brockhouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bertram Neville Brockhouse (July 15, 1918 – October 13, 2003) was a Nobel prize-winning Canadian physicist.
		Brockhouse was a graduate of the University of British Columbia (BA, 1947) and the University of Toronto (MA, 1948; Ph.D, 1950).
		In October of 2005, as part of the 75 anniversary of McMaster University being in Hamilton, Ontario, University Avenue (a street on the University campus), was renamed to Brockhouse Way in honor of Brockhouse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bertram_N._Brockhouse (172 words)

	science.ca Profile : Bertram Neville Brockhouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		According to Brockhouse, “The virtue of neutrons is you can say a great deal about a material by using a neutron beam.” You can work out the distance between atoms, the angle of bonds between atoms, the strength and energy of atomic bonds holding the atoms of a solid together, and much more.
		A feature of Brockhouse’s spectrometer was the way he could vary three angles: the direction of the neutron beam, the position of the specimen, and the angle of the detector.
		Brockhouse is a religious man. His belief in physics theory coexists with his spiritual beliefs.
	www.science.ca /scientists/scientistprofile.php?pID=4 (1635 words)

	NSERC - Brockhouse - About the Award
		In tribute to the pursuit of excellence in research that the late Dr. Bertram N. Brockhouse exemplified and inspired, NSERC is proud to offer a new interdisciplinary research prize in his name.
		Brockhouse, a Canadian scientist, is co-recipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics for his “pioneering development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter” and for his “development of neutron spectroscopy.” His research revolutionized scientists’ ability to chart atomic dynamics.
		The Brockhouse Canada Prize for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Engineering recognizes outstanding Canadian teams of researchers from different disciplines who have come together to produce achievements of international significance in the natural sciences and engineering in the last six years.
	www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca /award_e.asp?nav=brockhouse&lbi=about (264 words)

	Brockhouse, Bertram on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		His pioneering work in slow neutron spectroscopy and diffraction had a significant impact on the theory and understanding of the physics of solids and liquids.
		For his work on the development of neutron spectroscopy Brockhouse shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics with C. Shull.
		Nobel physics laureate Bertram Brockhouse dies at 85
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/BrockB1ert.asp (295 words)

	NSERC - The Brockhouse Canada Prize for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Engineering
		Bertram N. Brockhouse was a researcher at the Chalk River Laboratory of Atomic Energy Canada Limited and a professor at McMaster University in Hamilton, who won the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter” and specifically “for the development of neutron spectroscopy.”
		The Brockhouse Canada Prize for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Engineering recognizes outstanding Canadian teams of researchers from different disciplines who came together to engage in research drawing on their combined knowledge and skills, and produced a record of excellent achievements in the natural sciences and engineering in the last six years.
		The research teams nominated for the Brockhouse Canada Prize must have two or more members who are independent researchers, one of whom must hold an NSERC grant.
	www.nserc.ca /programs/brockhouse_progdesc_e.htm (424 words)

	Search Results for n 6370 e27 1994 - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Cooper, Leon N. American physicist and winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics, along with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS (for their initials) theory of...
		Saha, Meghnad N. Indian astrophysicist noted for his development in 1920 of the thermal ionization equation, which, in the form perfected by the British astrophysicist Edward A. Milne, has remained fundamental in all...
		Autobiographies of Bertram N. Brockhouse of Canada and Clifford G. Shull of the U.S. Features a presentation speech on the occasion of their jointly winning this prize.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=n++6370+e27+1994 (534 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Those experiments were performed by Bertram Brockhouse (1918-2003) and marked the beginning of a new field of spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering.
		The neutron, an electrically neutral particle, is able to penetrate deep in the interior of matter; it possesses a magnetic moment and has, at room temperature, a wavelength that nicely matches the distance between atoms in solids and liquids.
		The choice of angles of the axes was determined by simple energy- and momentum-conservation rules: set all the angles in such a way as to keep Q (the momentum transferred to the crystal) constant while varying the energy change of the neutron.
	scienceweek.com /2004/sb040123-2.htm (1304 words)

	Shull, Clifford -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Shull, Clifford G. American physicist who was corecipient of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for his development of neutron-scattering techniques—in particular, neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the atomic structure of matter.
		Brockhouse, Bertram N. Canadian physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1994 with American physicist Clifford G. Shull for their separate but concurrent development of neutron-scattering techniques.
		Canadian physicist Bertram Brockhouse made significant contributions to neutron scattering, a method of “seeing” the structure and movement of atoms by bombarding them with neutrons from a nuclear reactor.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9313526?tocId=9313526 (719 words)

	Bertram N. Brockhouse - Autobiography
		My father, Israel Bertram Brockhouse, had homesteaded with other members of his family in 1910.
		So I had what I believe to be a good basic education, except for social and organizational defects probably arising from the facts that I found school work easy and that I was younger than most of my classmates.
		Bertram N. Brockhouse died on October 13, 2003.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1994/brockhouse-autobio.html (3810 words)

	Bertram Brockhouse
		Obituary: Bertram Brockhouse; Nobel prizewinner in physics.(Obituaries) (The Independent (London, England))
		Bertram Brockhouse, Nobel physicist, 85 OBITUARY (International Herald Tribune)
		Nobel physics laureate Bertram Brockhouse dies at 85 (AP Worldstream)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0909647.html (220 words)

	Famous Canadian Medical Inventors
		Brockhouse's Nobel prize can be traced back to 1951.
		Fresh out of the University of Toronto with a PhD in Physics, Brockhouse sat at his desk in a faded blue-shingled wartime hut at Chalk River, Ontario, home of Canada's Atomic Energy Project for the National Research Council.
		Bertram Neville Brockhouse was born July 15, 1918 in Lethbridge, Alberta, the son of Israel and Mable Brockhouse.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/canada_medical_inventors.htm (930 words)

	Physics News Update Number 198
		goes to Bertram N. Brockhouse of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada and to Clifford G. Shull of MIT for their pioneering work in neutron scattering experiments during the 1940s and 1950s.
		Brockhouse won his half of the award for spectroscopic work of this type.
		Astronomers used the Hubble Space Telescope to observe such elements as lead, arsenic, and krypton in a gas cloud 400 light years away, a feat made difficult by the tiny trace amounts of the elements in comparison to lighter elements.
	www.aip.org /enews/physnews/1994/physnews.198.htm (501 words)

	University of Toronto -- Nobel Prize Centennial Lectures 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 1950, Brockhouse joined the staff of the Atomic Energy Project of the National Research Council of Canada at Chalk River, Ontario.
		By the 1970s, while continuing his experiments in condensed matter physics, Brockhouse began to explore issues related to the philosophy of physics and energy conservation.
		Bert Brockhouse received the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for his contributions to the study of solids and liquids by neutron scattering.
	www.utoronto.ca /president/nobel01/bios.htm (1620 words)

	NYU Today News: Nobel laureate, alumnus Shull, dies at 85
		His work was of considerable significance to the development of the transistor and the computer chip.
		Shull shared the Nobel Prize with Dr. Bertram N. Brockhouse, an emeritus professor of physics at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who had independently worked on the problem.
		Born in Pittsburgh in 1915, Shull was educated at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and New York University, from which he received his doctorate in physics in 1941.
	www.nyu.edu /nyutoday/archives/14/10/shull.nyu (392 words)

	[No title]
		1975 James Rainwater (1917-86) American Aage N. Bohr (born 1922) Danish Ben Roy Mottelson (born 1926) Danish Research on the inner structure of the atom.
		The Hulse-Taylor pulsar was a new development since it was "accompanied by an approximately equally heavy companion at a distance corresponding to only a few times the distance of the moon from the earth." It described these two stars as a "new revolutionary space laboratory.
		Brockhouse and Shull carried out their research in the years following World War II at some of the first nuclear reactors.
	www.ou.edu /student/okacf/lists/nobel_physics.txt (1759 words)

	[Neutron] Bertram Brockhouse 1918 - 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Bertram N. Brockhouse passed away yesterday in Hamilton, Ontario.
		As you know Bert was a heroic figure in the development of neutron scattering as a technique to study materials at a microscopic level.
		Sincerely yours; Bruce D. Gaulin President, Canadian Institute for Neutron Scattering --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bruce D. Gaulin Brockhouse Chair in the Physics of Materials Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1 905-525-9140 x24362 (office ABB 238) x27518 (labs ABB 251, 337) 905-546-1252 (FAX)
	www.neutron.anl.gov /pipermail/neutron/2003/000899.html (352 words)

	Carnegie Mellon Press Release: March 12, 2004
		In 1994 Shull and Canadian physicist Bertram N. Brockhouse were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their individual work with neutron-scattering techniques.
		Citing their father's early influences at Carnegie Tech and his subsequent lifelong commitment to Carnegie Mellon University, Shull's sons, John C. Shull, Dr. Robert D. Shull and William F. Shull, gave the Nobel Laureate's papers to Carnegie Mellon University Archives in 2003.
		Class notes describing his teaching of various physics courses provide deep insight into the training and work of his students, many of whom are now at the forefront of neutron scattering.
	www.cmu.edu /PR/releases04/040312_papersgrant.html (579 words)

	Bertram N. Brockhouse Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Bertram N. Brockhouse Winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physics
		Professor Brockhouse's homepage at McMaster University in ontario, Canada (submitted by Shahriar Zayyani)
		Obituary for Bertram N. Brockhouse (submitted by Partel Piirimae)
	almaz.com /nobel/physics/1994a.html (108 words)

	ATOM EXPERTS WIN NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS; CLEAN-FUEL WORK WINS CHEMISTRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The physics prize will be shared by Clifford G. Shull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Bertram N. Brockhouse of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
		Olah, who was born in Hungary, has 85 patents from seven countries, including four for the transformation of natural gas into the hydrocarbons used in gasoline.
		Brockhouse, 76, and Shull, 79, carried out their research in the years following World War II at some of the first nuclear reactors.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1994/vp941013/10130467.htm (305 words)

	Physics and Astronomy
		Bertram N. Brockhouse, B.A. (British Columbia), M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), D.Sc.
		In addition to the research laboratories of individual faculty, there are shared facilities on campus, and a consistent history of access to national and international facilities.
		Many faculty in condensed matter physics and optics are members of the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research (described in section 7.7), and therefore have access to electron microscopes, an atomic force microscope, x-ray diffraction equipment, materials preparation facilities, a He liquifier and the best crystal growing facilities in Canada.
	www.mcmaster.ca /graduate/2001-2002/physics.htm (2049 words)

	Clifford G. Shull Wins Physics Nobel Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The $930,000 award was announced by the Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden on Wednesday.
		This year the effort succeeded because Birgeneau and Friedman were able to convince the international leaders to recognize Shull and Brockhouse as "real pioneers," he said.
		As a researcher, Shull was "a quiet sort of a guy," said Anthony Nunes PhD '69, a former graduate student of Shull's.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V114/N48/shull.48n.html (670 words)

	Shull wins physics Nobel for work done 40 years ago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The effort succeeded last year because Birgeneau and Institute Professor Jerome I. Friedman, a 1990 winner in physics, were able to convince international leaders in physics to recognize Shull and Bertram N. Brockhouse of McMaster University as the "real pioneers," Birgeneau said.
		Shull, 79, and Brockhouse shared the $930,000 prize for developing a new way of looking at atoms.
		Shull is the fourth member of the MIT physics faculty and the 26th person affiliated with MIT to win a Nobel.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V115/N0/shull.00n.html (639 words)

	Boston Globe Online / Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Shull, who will share the $930,000 prize with Bertram N. Brockhouse of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, is a familiar name to physics students, cited frequently in their textbooks for contributions to the understanding of the structure of organic materials as well as the magnetic behavior of metals.
		The neutron scattering techniques pioneered by Shull and Brockhouse -- who have never met -- made possible major advances in materials sciences such as high-temperature superconductors that carry electricity without losing energy and polymers that are the building blocks of plastic.
		After coming to MIT in 1955, Shull continued to refine neutron scattering and raised three sons with his wife, Martha.
	www.boston.com /globe/search/stories/nobel/1994/1994h.html (862 words)

	Clifford G. Shull, co-winner of 1994 Nobel Prize in physics, is dead at 85 - MIT News Office
		"Clifford G. Shull has helped answer the question of where atoms 'are' and Bertram N. Brockhouse, the question of what atoms 'do,'" the Nobel citation said.
		Professor Shull's prize was awarded for his pioneering work in neutron scattering, a technique that reveals where atoms are within a material like ricocheting bullets reveal where obstacles are in the dark.
		University of Toronto President and former MIT Dean of Science Robert J. Birgeneau said in 1994 of the two Nobel winners, "Thermal neutron scattering has proven to be the most important single technique for elucidating the structure and dynamics of solids and fluids.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2001/shull.html (1177 words)

	Bertram N. Brockhouse, 85, Nobel Physicist, Dies - Free Preview - The New York Times
		Bertram N. Brockhouse, 85, Nobel Physicist, Dies - Free Preview - The New York Times
		Bertram N. Brockhouse, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1994 for his work developing a technique to measure the atomic structure of matter, died on Monday in Hamilton, Ontario.
		An emeritus professor of physics at McMaster University in Hamilton, Dr. Brockhouse was honored...
	select.nytimes.com /gst/abstract.html?res=F20915F83D5A0C758DDDA90994DB404482&fta=y&incamp=archive:article_related (139 words)

	September 23 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		American physicist who was awarded part of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Physics for his development of neutron-scattering techniques--in particular, neutron diffraction, a process that enabled scientists to better explore the atomic structure of matter.
		He shared the prize with Canadian physicist Bertram N. Brockhouse, who conducted separate...
		Born 23 Sep 1880; died 25 Jun 1971.
	www.todayinsci.com /9/9_23.htm (1576 words)

	Henry Glyde re-appointed chairperson of agency (01-05-95) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		AECL research also serves as a basic research laboratory for Canada.
		This year's Nobel Prize in physics was awarded jointly to Bertram N. Brockhouse of Canada and to Clifford M. Shul from the United States for the study of matter using neutrons.
		Brockhouse's prize-winning research was done when he was at the Chalk River Laboratories of AECL Research.
	www.udel.edu /PR/UpDate/95/16/12.html (314 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - N.G.
		MSN Encarta - Search Results - N.G. MSN Home
		Brockhouse, Bertram N.: Shull, Clifford G. Shull, Clifford G. (1915-2001) American physicist and co-winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in physics for the development of the technique of neutron...
		The masses of elementary particles are usually given in units of MeV (million electron volts).
	encarta.msn.com /N.G..html (133 words)

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