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Topic: Beryllium copper

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	Beryllium copper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beryllium copper, also known as copper beryllium or beryllium bronze, is a metal alloy that contains copper with 0.5-3% beryllium, sometimes with other alloying elements, has significant metalworking advantages and great operating performance qualities.
		The hardening process requires rapid cooling of the annealed metal, resulting in a solid state solution of beryllium in copper, which is then kept at 200-460 °C for at least a hour, facilitating precipitation of metastable beryllide crystals in the copper matrix, resulting in increase of the alloy strength.
		Beryllium copper is also frequently used in the manufacture of professional-quality percussion instruments, especially tambourine and triangle, where it is prized for its clear tone and strong resonance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beryllium_copper (534 words)

	NGK Metals Corporation Beryllium Copper Strip Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium copper is a precipitation hardening alloy with excellent properties at elevated temperatures and can be used in a wide range of temperatures with little loss of mechanical properties.
		Beryllium copper is the material of choice for high current density springs requiring low heat generation, due to the alloy's combination of high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and strength.
		Since beryllium copper has a mechanical strength as high as 1,500 N/mm2, approximately 220 ksi, the use of beryllium copper makes the pin pitch smaller, and even a connector of the same size and shape can be designed to higher density, reducing the cost per pin compared with phosphor bronze.
	www.ngkmetals.com /strip.html (543 words)

	Beryllium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and nonsparking tools.
		Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section.
		Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters).
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/beryllium.html (428 words)

	Beryllium Copper
		Accordingly, alloys of beryllium and copper have become technology's material of choice in the manufacture of electrical and thermal conducting springs because of their strength, heat dissipation and resistance to fatigue.
		Beryllium copper is presently well known for the high reliability and long life it provides to springs for automotive electronics, windshield wiper switches, cruise control switches, power door locks, and power seat, dash and light switches.
		Beryllium copper is a material with such a wide array of positive properties, it becomes the natural partner of advancing technology.
	www.rfalloy.com /springs96.htm (1693 words)

	Beryllium
		Beryllium and beryllium oxide in any forms are quite expensive, and this fact limits their use.
		Beryllium for alloying is supplied as a 4% alloy with copper, called "master alloy." Since little beryllium is used, its high cost is a minor factor.
		Beryllium copper and similar uses of the metal, or of beryllia, are not hazardous.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/beryl.htm (1945 words)

	beryllium
		Beryllium levels (ppm in ash) for different foodstuffs were: beans, 0.01; cabbage, 0.05; hen eggs (yolk) 0.01; milk, 0.02; mushrooms, 0.12; nuts, 0.01- 0.47; tomatos, 0.02; and baker's yeast, 0.02.
		Beryllium in root, stem, and leaf tissues of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L Md-609) plants grown in McMurtrey's nutrient solution with addition of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/l Be were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis using m/l 246 of beryllium trifluoroacetylacetonate chelates.
		Beryllium was detected in 5.4% of the samples and concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 1.22 mg/l with a mean value of 0.19 ug/l.
	www.speclab.com /elements/beryllium.htm (1907 words)

	Resources: Standards & Properties - Copper & Copper Alloy Microstructures: Copper Beryllium
		Copper beryllium alloys are used for their high strength and good electrical and thermal conductivities.
		The high strength of the copper beryllium alloys is attained by age hardening or precipitation hardening.
		The precipitation occurs during the slow cooling of the alloys because the solubility of beryllium in alpha copper decreases with decreasing temperature.
	www.copper.org /resources/properties/microstructure/be_cu.html (2258 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Beryllium
		Beryllium is alloyed with copper (2% beryllium, 98% copper) to form a wear resistant material, known as beryllium bronze, used in gyroscopes and other devices where wear resistance is important.
		Beryllium oxide (BeO), a compound of beryllium, is used in the nuclear industry and in ceramics.
		Beryllium was once known as glucinum, which means sweet, since beryllium and many of its compounds have a sugary taste.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele004.html (278 words)

	Environ Health Perspect 102-6-7, 1994: Beryllium: A Chronic Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium is the fourth element in the periodic table and the second lightest metal known.
		Beryllium metal can be used as structural material in space technology, in special windows for X-ray tubes, in gyroscopes, computer parts, and missle inertial guidance systems, as an additive in solid propellant rocket fuels, heat-sink material in high performance aircraft brakes, mirror components in satellite optical systems, and development of brass alloys.
		Beryllium levels in tissue did not correlate with the presence of CBD, nor did disease incidence correlate with exposure history; the majority of workers with high exposures never developed disease, while some with seemingly low or minor exposures developed severe disease, as did others whose duration of exposure was relatively brief.
	www.ehponline.org /docs/1994/102-6-7/focus.html (5170 words)

	USGS Minerals Information: Beryllium
		Beryllium (Be) is one of the lightest of all metals and has one of the highest melting points of any light metal.
		Beryllium metal is used principally in aerospace and defense applications because of its stiffness, light weight, and dimensional stability over a wide temperature range.
		Beryllium oxide is an excellent heat conductor, with high strength and hardness, and acts as an electrical insulator in some applications.
	minerals.usgs.gov /minerals/pubs/commodity/beryllium (183 words)

	Beryllium (EHC 106, 1990) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium in air is sampled by means of high-volume samplers using low-ash cellulose fibre, cellulose ester, or fibreglass papers as filters for non-volatile contaminants, and liquid- or solid-filled scrubbers or cold traps to collect volatile forms of beryllium.
		Beryllium is also used as a heat sink for aircraft wheel brakes and the heat shields of re-entry space vehicles and missiles, and for scanning mirrors and large mirror components of satellite optical systems (Ballance et al., 1978).
		Beryllium distribution in the profiles of forest soils reflected a leaching process; in all the profiles, the beryllium contents generally increased with an increase in depth.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc106.htm (15626 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - BERYLLIUM
		Microgram for microgram, beryllium is one of the most toxic elements on the periodic table.
		The difference: John was actively milling, sawing, sanding, and polishing beryllium parts for nuclear weapons at Rocky Flats, in Golden, Colo. He later became known as "the index case" for an epidemic of beryllium disease in U.S. industry.
		But when it does, the immune cells that are combating beryllium particles produce collateral damage to the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and other organs where the cells detect beryllium.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/beryllium.html (879 words)

	Alloy, Metal Terminology (B)
		An alloy of copper and 2-3% beryllium with optionally fractional percentages of nickel or cobalt.
		Copper base alloys in which zinc is the principal added element.
		Primarily an alloy of copper and tin but the name is now applied to other alloys not containing tin; e.g., aluminum, bronze, manganese bronze, and beryllium bronze.
	www.metal-mart.com /Dictionary/dictletb.htm (2028 words)

	Beryllium Copper Balls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Copper ballsare not recommended where they are exposed to corrosive agents or high mechanical stress.
		Copper balls are sensitive to corrosion from a variety of agents and is a soft metal.
		Beryllium Copper balls are used in a wide range of applications requiring very high strength and stiffness with good conductivity.
	www.trdspecialties.com /beryllium-copper-balls.asp (132 words)

	Heat Treatment of Beryllium Copper Alloys - Freedom Alloys Inc
		Beryllium copper alloys offer a unique range of properties that make them the perfect choice for a wide range of high performance applications.
		Thermal treatment is applicable to all beryllium copper casting alloys and wrought alloys.
		This is the material condition/temper resulting from the application of a specific time and temperature combination that is sufficient to allow the beryllium held in solution by prior annealing to precipitate out of the copper base metal and into the grain boundaries.
	www.freedomalloysusa.com /heat_t.shtml (906 words)

	What Is Beryllium ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium was not widely used in industry until the 1940s and 1950s.
		Used as base metal in battery contacts and electronic connectors in cell phones and base stations, beryllium copper is often the only material that meets the need for high reliability and miniaturization in these applications.
		Beryllium is also a staple material in Apache helicopters, fighter aircraft and tanks, surveillance satellites, and aircraft landing gear components.
	www.befacts.com /beryl (459 words)

	Feature - EDMing Beryllium Copper: An Introduction
		Beryllium is a metal which is found in several substances; beryl, bertrandite rock, oil and possibly in the soil in your backyard.
		Beryllium copper alloys are used for their high strength as well as good electrical and thermal conductivities.
		Copper beryllium is safe to use in mold components for plastic processing.
	www.mmsonline.com /articles/020106.html (2826 words)

	Beryllium Copper Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium hydroxide was shipped to a plant in Ohio, where it was converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide.
		Beryllium was used as an alloy and oxide in electronic components...
		The use of beryllium (as an alloy, metal, and oxide) in...
	www.lung-cancer-probe.info /resources/beryllium-copper-oxide.html (302 words)

	Beryllium Copper
		Beryllium copper, a high strength copper-base alloy system (0.5-2.0% Be, balance Cu), has long been a technology front runner for formability, conductivity and strength.
		In addition, the lack of soluble beryllium copper in the copper matrix explains the slight improvement in conductivity.
		Over-etching beryllium copper should be avoided at all costs, due to the already significant notch-sensitive nature of it and other copper-based alloys.
	www.rfalloy.com /springs98.htm (1126 words)

	4 Beryllium
		Beryllium is an alkali earth metal, reasonably stable in air, and extremely toxic in powdered form.
		Beryllium oxide is worthy of special note because it is a good electrical insulator, but at the same time a good conductor of heat, which is a somewhat unusual combination.
		Beryllium oxide is used as an electrical insulator because while it doesn't conduct electricity, it does conduct heat very well, which allows it to cool the components it is isolating electrically.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/004 (1662 words)

	Beryllium Copper - 170, 172, 175, 17510
		Beryllium copper alloys achieve their properties through alloying elements, cold rolling, and a precipitation hardening heat treatment.
		Before rolling to final thickness, beryllium copper is given a "solution anneal" which puts the beryllium in solution within the copper matrix.
		Due to their submicron size, very fine distribution, and interaction with the copper matrix, these precipitates are responsible for the unique properties that distinguish beryllium copper from other copper alloys.
	www.olinbrass.com /becu_process.html (407 words)

	Beryllium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		USGS -- Open-File-Report 98-524 Slides of the Fluorspar, Beryllium, and Uran...
		Beryllium Copper sheet, plate, tubing and bar alloys are available with certs and Mill Test Reports...
		Beryllium Copper Finger Strip contacts are particularly suitable where a gasket with a low closure...
	www.berylliuminfo.com (668 words)

	The Development of an Alternative Material for Beryllium Copper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium copper alloys are widely used in military aerospace applications because of the unique desirable properties imported by the beryllium alloying of copper.
		Because of the toxicity of beryllium and the health hazard it produces, beryllium usages is becoming quite restrictive and may be completely eliminated.
		The commercialization of a copper alloy/material that exceeds the properties of CuBe will have immediate applications in all military and civilian aircraft as well as general industrial applications for high strength copper and bushing/bearing applications.
	www.navysbir.com /05_1/207.htm (210 words)

	BERYLLIUM COPPER CASTING ALLOYS - Freedom Alloys Inc
		Beryllium Copper casting alloys are utilized to produce component parts which require their unique combination of physical and mechanical properties.
		Foundry applications for beryllium copper casting alloys take advantage of the material’s special combination of high strength and hardness, outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity, and excellent replication of fine casting detail.
		In challenging foundry applications where exact replication of fine casting detail is required, the high strength beryllium copper and beryllium nickel alloys offer fluidity and castability unmatched in other structural alloy systems.
	www.freedomalloysusa.com /be_co.shtml (356 words)

	Plastics Engineering: Solving molding problems with beryllium copper: moldmaking.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Beryllium copper has been used as a mold material for plastics since 1935.
		Blowmolders and injectiong molders utilize beryllium copper for inserts, solid molds, injection nozzles, core pins, and other mold components.
		Beryllium copper molds can range in size from several thousand kilograms to the smallest of...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:8546251&refid=holomed_1 (177 words)

	Beryllium Copper - 170, 172, 175, 17510
		Most copper alloys achieve their properties through the addition of alloying elements and cold rolling.
		Beryllium copper alloys achieve their properties through alloying elements, cold rolling, and a precipitation
		Before rolling to final thickness, beryllium copper is given a "solution anneal" which puts the beryllium in
	www.olinbrass.com /becu4.html (352 words)

	Electrical Contacts are etched from beryllium copper., Photofabrication Engineering
		Beryllium copper is suitable for products requiring hardness, strength, self-lubrication, and good thermal and electrical conductivity.
		Because of the unique benefits of beryllium copper, it is particularly suitable for products requiring exceptional hardness, strength, self-lubrication, and good thermal and electrical conductivity.
		PEI's process for etching beryllium copper parts is safer than any other manufacturing process (including stamping, machining or cutting).
	news.thomasnet.com /fullstory/8464 (747 words)

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