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Topic: Beryllium oxide

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	Beryllium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beryllium oxide is useful for many applications that require an excellent heat conductor, with high strength and hardness, with a very high melting point, and that acts as an electrical insulator.
		Although the use of beryllium compounds in fluorescent lighting tubes was discontinued in 1949, potential for exposure to beryllium exists in the nuclear and aerospace industries and in the refining of beryllium metal and melting of beryllium-containing alloys, the manufacturing of electronic devices, and the handling of other beryllium-containing material.
		Beryllium and its compounds should be handled with great care and special precautions must be taken when carrying out any activity which could result in the release of beryllium dust ( lung cancer is a possible result of prolonged exposure to beryllium laden dust).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beryllium (1475 words)

	Eco-USA: Beryllium
		Beryllium oxide is also made from beryllium ores and is used to make specialty ceramics for electrical and high-technology applications.
		Beryllium, as a chemical component, occurs naturally in soil; however, disposal of coal ash, incinerator ash, and industrial wastes may increase the concentration of beryllium in soil.
		Beryllium will not enter your body from skin contact with the metal unless the skin is scraped or cut and beryllium particles become imbedded in the wound.
	www.eco-usa.net /toxics/berylium.shtml (1513 words)

	Beryllium and compounds (CASRN 7440-41-7), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		The beryllium compounds the workers were potentially exposed to included beryllium sulfate mists and fumes, beryllium oxide dusts, beryllium ammonium fluoride and beryllium fluoride dusts, beryllium metal, and beryllium copper alloy dusts and fumes.
		Regardless of the shortcomings of the epidemiological studies of beryllium exposure, the results of the follow-up mortality studies on the same cohort and of the BCR cohort studies are suggestive of a causal relationship between beryllium exposure and an increased risk of lung cancer.
		At exposure termination, beryllium concentrations in the lungs were 18.0 and 83 µg/g fresh tissue in the bertrandite- and beryl-exposed rats, 14.1 and 77.4 µg/g fresh tissue in the bertrandite- and beryl-exposed hamsters, and 33 and 280 µg/g fresh tissue in the bertrandite- and beryl-exposed monkeys.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0012.htm (14144 words)

	Some properties of beryllium oxide and beryllium oxide - columbium ceramals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		High-temperature tensile and thermal-shock investigations were conducted on beryllium oxide and beryllium oxide plus columbium metal additions.
		The tensile strength of 6150 pounds per square inch for beryllium oxide at 1800 degrees F compared favorably with the zirconia bodies previously tested.
		Additions of 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 percent by weight of columbium metal failed to improve the shock resistance over that of pure beryllium oxide.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1951/naca-rm-e50g21 (101 words)

	Standard Products - Insulators - Beryllium Oxide Ceramic
		Beryllium oxide insulators have a dielectric strength of approximately 22.8 x 103 volts/mm for.81mm material (580 volts/mil for.032" material), and 17.7 x 103 volts/mm for 1.57mm material (450 volts/mil for.062 material).
		The thermal conductivity of beryllium oxide is 221.94 Wm (128.2 Btu/hr.ft.°F).
		Beryllium oxide is chemically inert and completely safe to use in its fired state.
	www.thermalloy.com /products/standard/access/beryllium.shtml (193 words)

	Beryllium Oxide - Beryllia
		Beryllium oxide (BeO) is unique for oxides as it combines excellent electrical insulating properties with high thermal conductivity.
		Beryllium oxide is extracted from the naturally occurring minerals beryl and bertrandite, and produced as a powder by the thermal decomposition of Be(OH)
		Beryllium oxide is one of the most expensive raw materials used in ceramics.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=263 (571 words)

	Beryllium (EHC 106, 1990)
		Beryllium oxide ("beryllia") is a colourless crystalline solid or an amorphous white powder with an extremely high melting point, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and high electrical resistivity.
		Beryllium in air is sampled by means of high-volume samplers using low-ash cellulose fibre, cellulose ester, or fibreglass papers as filters for non-volatile contaminants, and liquid- or solid-filled scrubbers or cold traps to collect volatile forms of beryllium.
		Beryllium is also used as a heat sink for aircraft wheel brakes and the heat shields of re-entry space vehicles and missiles, and for scanning mirrors and large mirror components of satellite optical systems (Ballance et al., 1978).
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc106.htm (15632 words)

	Patent 4451499: Method for producing a beryllium oxide film
		A beryllium oxide (BeO) film is disclosed, which is produced by impinging partially ionized vapor of metal beryllium and oxygen upon a substrate.
		Beryllium oxide (BeO) crystallizes in a hexagonal wurtzite structure and is excellent in insulating characteristics, because of the large forbidden band gap of 11.2 eV and the resistivity of 10.sup.10.OMEGA..cm.
		The crucible 1 is filled with a metal beryllium 3 which is in a shape of flake or formed in a shape of pellet by having the flaky beryllium suitably processed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4451499.html (2573 words)

	98-3
		The supervisor believed the material was beryllium oxide ceramic, so he contacted facility personnel to assess the situation and met with the researcher to discuss the material.
		The researcher then went to another laboratory, retrieved a bagged sample of beryllium oxide, compared it to the material on the laboratory table, and determined that it was beryllium oxide.
		Beryllium oxide is a white, odorless powder that is used in ceramics, glass, electron tubes, electronic components, nuclear fuels, and nuclear moderators.
	www.phy.ornl.gov /divops/ESH/98-3.html (1166 words)

	Environ Health Perspect 102-6-7, 1994: Beryllium: A Chronic Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Beryllium metal can be used as structural material in space technology, in special windows for X-ray tubes, in gyroscopes, computer parts, and missle inertial guidance systems, as an additive in solid propellant rocket fuels, heat-sink material in high performance aircraft brakes, mirror components in satellite optical systems, and development of brass alloys.
		Caused mainly by dusts or fumes of soluble beryllium salts released during the extraction of beryllium hydroxide and production of beryllium oxide and metallic beryllium, two types of acute beryllium disease have been described clinically; their progression is either rapid or slow.
		Beryllium levels in tissue did not correlate with the presence of CBD, nor did disease incidence correlate with exposure history; the majority of workers with high exposures never developed disease, while some with seemingly low or minor exposures developed severe disease, as did others whose duration of exposure was relatively brief.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /docs/1994/102-6-7/focus.html (5032 words)

	American Elements: Beryllium Supplier & Technical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Beryllium is most commonly used in alloys with our base metallic materials.
		As a 1 — 3% addition to copper it produces “beryllium bronze”, a highly wear resistant material and with nickel it is used to make spot welder electrodes.
		Beryllium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder.
	www.americanelements.com /be.html (117 words)

	4 Beryllium
		Beryllium is an alkali earth metal, reasonably stable in air, and extremely toxic in powdered form.
		Beryllium oxide is worthy of special note because it is a good electrical insulator, but at the same time a good conductor of heat, which is a somewhat unusual combination.
		Beryllium oxide is used as an electrical insulator because while it doesn't conduct electricity, it does conduct heat very well, which allows it to cool the components it is isolating electrically.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTable/Elements/004/index.s7.html (1624 words)

	Beryllium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Beryllium contracts and deforms less than glass - and thus remains more uniform - in such temperatures.
		Cosmogenic beryllium (Be-10) is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic ray spallation of oxygen and nitrogen.
		Beryllium and its compounds should be handled with great care and special precautions must be taken when carrying out any activity which could result in the release of beryllium dust (lung cancer is a possible result of prolonged exposure to beryllium laden dust).
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/be/Beryllium.htm (1445 words)

	Beryllium Symposium
		Chronic Beryllium Disease is an occupational lung disease that begins as a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium.
		Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that ultrafine beryllium particle concentration, not mass measurements, is the appropriate metric for relating exposure to risk of disease, and BeO particles are a common form of industrial exposure.
		Beryllium (Be) metal, its oxide (BeO), and alloys are materials of industrial significance with recognized adverse effects on worker health.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/techresources/meetings/beryllium/session5.shtml (1274 words)

	Beryllium Analysis Proficiency Testing Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Background: Title 10, CFR 850, Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program, section 24(f) requires that beryllium exposure samples be analyzed by laboratories accredited for metals analysis by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) or by a laboratory that demonstrates quality assurance for metals analysis that is equivalent to AIHA accreditation.
		The difficulty results from the fact that beryllium exposure samples usually are in the form of beryllium oxide or beryllium with an oxide coating and beryllium oxide is difficult to digest in the sample preparation step of the analysis.
		All DOE laboratories performing beryllium analysis will be able to pay for their share of beryllium quality assurance by participating in the AIHA beryllium proficiency testing program.
	www.eh.doe.gov /be/survey/survey2.html (499 words)

	Beryllium oxide components and raw material (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Beryllium Oxide components and raw materials for vacuum and Thin film deposition use
		U.K. The chart below shows technical data for Beryllium oxide ceramic.
		If you have components or a need for raw material please contact us by telephone, Fax or use the Reply Form to email.
	www.cevp.co.uk /Beryllia_spec.htm (68 words)

	Ceramic Material: Beryllium Oxide BERYLLIA, GLUCINIUM OXIDE
		Beryllium is a specialty high temperature fluxing oxide available as a pure material in a wide variety of sizes and shapes.
		Beryllia main uses are to make microwave tube parts such as cathode supports, envelopes, spacers, helix supports, collector isolators, heat sink and windows, substrates, mounting pads, heat sinks for electronic devices, bores or plasma envelopes for gas lasers.
		Beryllium has excellent dielectric properties, outstanding resistance to wetting and corrosion by many metals and non-metals.
	ceramic-materials.com /cermat/material/112.html (667 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Wanted TO-247 Beryllium Oxide pads
		I work in a factory that made machined beryllium parts for the space program and also have worked for the worlds largest supplier of rare earth and inorganic chemicals so I'm well aware of the hazards of beryllia.
		You should not use Beryllium Oxide at all.
		Typical LD50s for beryllium compounds are between 0.5 and 5 mg/kg.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=40028 (535 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Beryllium Oxide Question
		I rescently bought what i thought were beryllium oxide pads off of ebay, but when they arrived, they are flexible and seem to be plastic-like.
		I thought that beryllium was a brittle ceramic-like substance.
		There are also aluminum oxide pads and they look very close to beryllium ones.
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=80623 (479 words)

	Beryllium Oxide - Find Beryllium Oxide Suppliers, Beryllium Oxide Manufacturers and Beryllium Oxide Distributors
		Power Sourcing is your best source for finding beryllium oxide suppliers.
		We are dedicated to bringing qualified beryllium oxide buyers and suppliers together.
		Find a supplier of beryllium oxide and thousands of other products and services for purchasing and research.
	www.powersourcing.com /se/berylliumoxide.htm (302 words)

	Beryllium Oxide (BeO) Ceramic Products
		Beryllium Oxide (BeO) is a space age technical ceramic material that offers a combination of desirable properties not found in any other material.
		Distinguished by excellent high heat and thermal conductivity, it retains dielectric constant, loss factor and dielectric strength in the range of most electrical insulators.
		Typical applications include heat sinks in high power electronics and semiconductors, and use as a heat dissipation medium in a wide range of miniaturized circuitry applications in the defense, aerospace and commercial markets.
	www.americanberyllia.com /pages/beo.html (119 words)

	Digitalfire Material Database: Beryllium Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To quickly find this material you can click here to go to its section page.
		Beryllium has a TLV (threshold limit value) of 0.002 milligrams per cubic meter of air breathed (same as cadmium).
		By comparison iron oxide is considered a safe-to-use material at 5.0, kaolin is 2.0, barium carbonate is 0.5, quartz is 0.1-0.05, arsenic it 0.01.
	digitalfire.com /material/m-01a1s0.htm (414 words)

	Beryllium Oxide BeO substrates
		Beryllium Oxide (Beryllia) substrates have thermal conductivity of 260 W/mk - that makes it the desirable material for high power microelectronic applications.
		Because of the safety controversy and also the cost, Beryllium Oxide has lost its popularity and
		Beryllium Oxide substrates are being chosen less and less frequently.
	www.aluminumnitride.com /beo-aln.htm (105 words)

	American Elements: Beryllium Oxide Supplier & Tech Info
		Beryllium Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Beryllium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.
		Beryllium Oxide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
		High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
	www.americanelements.com /beox.html (61 words)

	Beryllium Oxide (BeO) Substrates And Packaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		C-MAC MicroTechnology offers a range of materials and processes for use with Beryllium Oxide (BeO) ceramics to meet your custom packaging requirements.
		BeO is a lightweight, low loss, high thermal transfer solution for high power RF and DC package designs.
		Beryllium Oxide, Alumina and Aluminum Nitride Properties Comparison
	www.cmac.com /mt/BeO.html (188 words)

	The Beryllium Oxide Manufacturing Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The approved mission for the Beryllium Manufacturing Facility (BeMF) is to protect worker health and safety while providing capability for manufacturing BeO parts and components to support the enduring stockpile weapon systems for the near future.
		Accordingly, the new facility is deemed critical to the national defense because of its role in supporting the Stockpile Stewardship Program as carried out through Stockpile Life Extension Programs.
		The BeMF must comply with the latest DOE Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program by using state-of-the-art equipment facilities.
	members.asme.org /catalog/ItemView.cfm?ItemNumber=I00624 (205 words)

	Brush Ceramic Products: The leading manufacturer of Beryllium Oxide Ceramics
		Brush Ceramic Products Inc. is a global leader in high performance engineered ceramics that enable customers to meet superior levels of product strength, reliability, miniaturization, weight savings, and thermal dissipation.
		Beryllia (beryllium oxide or BeO) ceramics possess a unique combination of properties and provide certain characteristics that make it a necessary component in a variety of applications.
		BeO is lightweight, very rigid and has excellent thermal management properties - meaning it withstands extreme temperatures and rapidly dissipates heat better than any other ceramic material.
	www.brushceramics.com (181 words)

	Brush Wellman: Manufacturer of beryllium copper alloys and high performance materials
		Brush Wellman: Manufacturer of beryllium copper alloys and high performance materials
		Global Leader in Beryllium Materials and High Performance Alloys
		global supplier of High Performance Copper, Nickel and Beryllium alloys and the only fully integrated producer of beryllium and beryllium oxide in the world.
	www.brushwellman.com (68 words)

	berylliumoxide.com \| Beryllium Oxide \| Zinc Oxide \| Europium Oxide \| Gadolinium Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We supply europium metals, oxides at very competitive prices
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		We offer Ytterbium Oxide 99-99.999% at very competitive price
	www.berylliumoxide.com (50 words)

	Beryllium Oxide Products, Beryllium Oxide Product Manufacturers Suppliers Exporters of Beryllium Oxide Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Beryllium Oxide Products, Beryllium Oxide Product Manufacturers Suppliers Exporters of Beryllium Oxide Products
		A complete chemical marketplace giving an insight into the Indian Chemical Industry with the latest in Trade Offers, EXIM Policies, Events, Organisations and lots more...
		» Chemicals Suppliers » Oxide Compounds » Beryllium Oxide Products
	www.indianchemicalportal.com /beryllium-oxide-products.html (74 words)

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