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	BESS OF HARDWICK : Encyclopedia Entry
		Bess of Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury by Rowland Lockley, 1592.
		Elizabeth Hardwick, or Hardwicke, Countess of Shrewsbury, known as Bess of Hardwick, (1527–1608) was the 3rd surviving daughter of John Hardwick of Hardwicke in Derbyshire.
		In 1574 Bess, the Countess of Shrewsbury took advantage of a visit of the Countess of Lennox to marry her daughter Elizabeth to Charles Stuart, the younger son of the Lennoxes and brother of Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Bess_of_Hardwick (920 words)

	Bess of Hardwick
		Bess was delighted when she heard her husband was to be the Guardian of Queen of Scots; it was a gesture from the Queen of England that they were in favour.
		Bess was not happy about her experience and ridicule of being in the Tower, the only revenge she could muster was to spread gossip and slander she had heard regarding the Queen.
		Bess and her two Cavendish sons were reported to have spread rumours that Sir William St. Loe and Mary Queen of Scots were having an affair and that she had two children through this adultery.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/parade/taf24/bess.htm (3057 words)

	Bess of HARDWICK (C. Shrewsbury) and her Royal grand daughter, Lady Arabella STUART
		Bess was delighted when she heard her husband was to be the Guardian of Queen of Scots; it was a gesture from the Queen of England that they were in favour.
		Bess went on to emphasize that Arabella's education must be of prime importance in view of her kinship to the Queen.
		Bess and her two Cavendish sons were reported to have spread rumours that George Talbot and Mary Stuart were having an affair and that she had two children through this adultery.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Bios/BessofHardwick.htm (4214 words)

	Bess of Hardwick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bess of Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury by Rowland Lockley, 1592.
		Elizabeth Hardwick, or Hardwicke, Countess of Shrewsbury, known as Bess of Hardwick, (1527–1608) was the 3rd surviving daughter of John Hardwick of Hardwicke in Derbyshire.
		In 1574 Bess, the Countess of Shrewsbury took advantage of a visit of the Countess of Lennox to marry her daughter Elizabeth to Charles Stuart, the younger son of the Lennoxes and brother of Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bess_of_Hardwick (960 words)

	Hardwick Hall
		Tradition says that Mary visited Hardwick, and it is quite possible, as it belonged to the Earl of Shrewsbury, or, rather, to his wife, the celebrated Bess of Hardwick and the Queen of Scots was a prisoner in his charge.
		Bess of Hardwick's fourth marriage was not as happy as her previous unions.
		Bess of Hardwick was absurdly jealous of the beautiful captive, resenting even the ordinary courtesy the earl showed her; and they separated.
	www.mspong.org /picturesque/hardwick_hall.html (1062 words)

	Welcome to Bolsover District Council's website (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bess was delighted when she heard her husband was to be the Guardian of Queen of Scots; it was a gesture from the Queen of England that they were in favour.
		Bess was not happy about her experience and ridicule of being in the Tower, the only revenge she could muster was to spread gossip and slander she had heard regarding the Queen.
		Bess and her two Cavendish sons were reported to have spread rumours that George Talbot, the Earl of Shrewsbury, and Mary Queen of Scots were having an affair and that she had two children through this adultery.
	www.bolsover.gov.uk /Default.aspx?page=7062 (3063 words)

	Hardwick, Elizabeth: Bess of Hardwick - You and Yesterday \| You and Yesterday
		Hardwick, Elizabeth: Bess of Hardwick - You and Yesterday
		Elizabeth Hardwick, or Hardwicke, Countess of Shrewsbury, known as Bess of Hardwick, (1527–1608) was the 3rd surviving daughter of John Hardwick of Hardwicke in Derbyshire.
		In 1574 Bess, the Countess of Shrewsbury took advantage of a visit of the Countess of Lennox to marry her daughter Elizabeth to Charles Stuart, the younger son of the Lennoxes and brother of Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots.
	www.youandyesterday.co.uk /articles/Hardwick,_Elizabeth:_Bess_of_Hardwick (1004 words)

	Southampton Solent University Library
		During this era the Elizabethan style was eclectic, which is reflected in the architecture being produced, and the position of the Queen was unstable due to a change in religion.
		Hardwick's ascent into the higher circles of society was achieved, primarily, through her marriages to four distinguished gentlemen.
		However literature reflecting on Hardwick's achievements is scarce and there is a lack of depth in research referring to her patronage.
	www.solent.ac.uk /library/favdb/viewfull.asp?248 (235 words)

	Hardwick Hall,Derbyshire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hardwick Estate lands were the hereditary lands of her family.
		Bess, built the house in her later years after amassing a fortune and outliving four husbands.
		Hardwick Hall was largely influenced by her personal wishes and is "more glass than wall", but the master builder cum architect was Robert Smythson.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~koganrh/derb/hardwick.htm (173 words)

	Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, England
		Hardwick Hall was built for 'Bess of Hardwick' between 1591 and 1597.
		Bess, born Elizabeth Hardwick, had been married four times and had outlived all her husbands.
		Hardwick Hall was the last house she had built and it was started after the death of her fourth husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, when she was 70 years old.
	www.touruk.co.uk /houses/housederby_hardwick.htm (494 words)

	James Montagu/Mountague, 1568?-1618
		James was apparently a confidant of Bess of Hardwick, a very wealthy and powerful woman of the period (a famous bawdy poem refers to her 5 husbands...
		In the spring of 1605 Bess was reported unwell, and in a forgiving spirit Arbella asked is she might make a visit to her old grandmother...
		Bess, suspicious in most things concerning forgiveness, particularly when defaulting members of her family might be after her money bags, wrote to Montague that she thought it strange of Arbella to...
	www.montaguemillennium.com /familyresearch/h_1618_james.htm (520 words)

	MontessoriConnections: Astronomy: Bess of Hardwick: Empire Builder
		Bess Hardwick, the fifth daughter of an impoverished Derbyshire nobleman, did not have an auspicious start in life.
		In her introduction to the biography she writes that Bess was the second most powerful woman in Tudor Times next to Elizabeth the first, an extraodinary feat given that woman at that time had few legal or property rights.
		However it is clear that Bess got on well with her and was well treated and from this Bess must have been quite charming and politically incredibly able.
	www.montessoriconnections.com /bookstore/bookstore.php?c=mc10&n=2383&i=039306221X&x=Bess_of_Hardwick_Empire_Builder (1419 words)

	[No title]
		She was known as "Building Bess," and Hardwick Hall is both her memorial and her masterpiece.
		Bess Hardwick was born in 1527 in a small manor house also called Hardwick Hall, not far from where she would eventually build her great stone and glass palace.
		Bess returned to the court as lady in waiting to the new queen, Elizabeth I. Before long, she'd managed to land another rich husband, Sir William St. Loe, the Captain of the Queen's Guard and Chief Butler of England.
	users.1st.net /jimlane/2001arch/10-4-01.html (1063 words)

	Anova Books - Of Household Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, more famously known as Bess of Hardwick, was born c.1527 and became one of the most influential women of the age.
		Bess was a great builder, starting in the 1550's with her house at Chatsworth and culminating some forty years later with the New Hall at Hardwick.
		Bess was a meticulous record-keeper, and in 1601 probate inventories were compiled of her three houses.
	www.batsford.com /book/190540025X (209 words)

	Philippa Gregory: Bess of Hardwick by Mary S Lovell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The diabolical quarrels with her last husband have been blamed in the past on Bess, but Lovell suggests that the Earl was in the final stages of madness, perhaps triggered by the pressure of having Mary Queen of Scots as prisoner and victim on one hand, and Bess as jealous wife on the other.
		Bess had powerful friends, partly because she courted and bribed them (she would instantly recognise the process of networking) and also because she attracted the admiration of the powerful men of Court.
		Bess buried four husbands and most of her contemporaries, she was incredibly lucky to survive eight confinements, she had no control over her fertility.
	www.philippagregory.com /OtherBess.shtml (1197 words)

	Bess of Hardwick - Definition, explanation
		For many years (1569-1584), the Earl and Countess had to keep Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned on one or another of their estates, but it was not until that poor woman was removed to another jailer, Sir Amias Paulet, that she got into the trouble that cost her life.
		A BBC documentary [1] showed that Bess very much desired Arbella to become Queen, even imprisoning the young lady to prevent her from eloping.
		Bess Hardwick is the subject of Jan Westcott's novel The Tower and the Dream (1974).
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/be/bess_of_hardwick.php (463 words)

	Bess of Hardwick by Mary S Lovell - Independent Online Edition > Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As the fifth daughter of an indebted, landed family from Derbyshire, Bess Hardwick started life with scarcely a penny to her name but rose to become the richest and most powerful woman in England after Queen Elizabeth I. Her jackpots took the form of four exciting and serendipitous marriages.
		But Bess did not repine nor did she decide, after each new windfall, that a short break in the sun followed by a resumption of "normal life" was all that she needed.
		Of course Bess was a hoarder and her vast power inevitably brought her into conflict with many of her contemporaries but Ms Lovell has written one of those biographies in which the reader really doesn't want the subject to die.
	enjoyment.independent.co.uk /books/reviews/article317978.ece (641 words)

	Hardwick, Elizabeth - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		HARDWICK, ELIZABETH [Hardwick, Elizabeth] 1916-, American literary critic, novelist, and short-story writer, b.
		Hardwick was married (1949-72) to the poet Robert Lowell.
		Bess of Hardwick, Elizabeth Talbot, countess of Shrewsbury
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/H/HardwickE1.asp (328 words)

	Hardwick Hall Elizabethan mansion Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England
		Hardwick Hall is one of Britain's finest Elizabethan houses built for Elizabeth, Dowager Countess of Shrewsbury, who moved in to her latest creation in October 1597.
		The story is that Bess had a furious dispute with her husband, the Earl of Shrewsbury, and in 1584 had to leave their home at Chatsworth.
		Hardwick contains a remarkable collection of 16th Century furniture and paintings and the visited part of the hall is fully furnished.
	www.cressbrook.co.uk /visits/hardwick.php (599 words)

	Hardwick Hall and Park (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Close to the hall stands Hardwick Old Hall which was transformed into a large house from modest origins by Bess in the 1580's.
		The spelling of his name caused the clerks of Hardwick a problem because he was listed in the accounts as John Painter because painting was his trade and he was responsible for the frieze in the hall's Long Gallery.
		Stainsby Mill is situated at the northern edge of Hardwick Park and is close to Junction 29 of the M1 motorway.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /northnotts/hardwick.htm (666 words)

	Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England
		The original house was built by Bess of Hardwick in the 16th century.
		Bess of Hardwick also built Hardwick Hall which can be seen from my house.
		Bess was of the Cavendish family and it is in this family that the house has remained throughout its time.
	louisabrown.net /Chatsworth.htm (701 words)

	Hardwick Hall and Gardens, Derbyshire
		Hardwick Hall is best known for it's owner Elizabeth Shrewsbury (1527-1608) or 'Bess of Hardwick' as she is usually known.
		She built Hardwick hall next to the old one, the new hall has been described as "more glass than wall".
		Hardwick Hall, the hall was built around 1591 and completed in 1597, it is almost unchanged since Bess lived there herself.
	www.digicam69.co.uk /hardwick.htm (173 words)

	Amazon.com: Bess of Hardwick: Empire Builder: Books: Mary S. Lovell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bess served in noble and royal households at key points in the tumultuous years of Henry VIII and his three children, helping her fourth husband guard Mary, Queen of Scots, and raising her own granddaughter Arbella Stuart with aspirations to England's throne.
		However it is clear that Bess got on well with her and was well treated and from this Bess must have been quite charming and politically incredibly able.
		When he died, Bess had her first taste of wealth and security with her widow's portion, and discovered that it was exactly what she needed in life.
	www.amazon.com /Bess-Hardwick-Mary-S-Lovell/dp/039306221X (2755 words)

	Heage Windmill, Hardwick Hall - www.bootsandpaws.co.uk
		The 'new' Hardwick Hall was completed in 1597 and built by Elizabeth Shrewsbury, more commonly known as 'Bess of Hardwick'.
		Bess rose from relatively humble beginnings to become one of Elizabethan England's richest and most powerful woman.
		At the 300 acre Hardwick Estate there are also the remains of the old hall that was never completed along with stables, parkland, a stone centre and the Hardwick Inn, built in 1607 by John Ballechous, a loyal workman of Bess of Hardwick.
	www.bootsandpaws.co.uk /hardwick.html (274 words)

	Bess of Hardwick, by Mary S Lovell - Independent Online Edition > Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Through Bess of Hardwick's long lifetime, Protestant families granted lands by Henry VIII from the Dissolution of the Monasteries found their rise threatened by Catholics determined to retake the monarchy or die as martyrs.
		Bess survived by cultivating friendships on both sides, especially with Elizabeth Tudor before her accession.
		But Bess of Hardwick is impressively researched, especially on the dense kin networks of the 16th-century ruling class.
	enjoyment.independent.co.uk /books/reviews/article312876.ece (546 words)

	Anova Books - Of Household Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, more famously known as Bess of Hardwick, was born c.1527 and became one of the most influential women of the age.
		Bess was a great builder, starting in the 1550's with her house at Chatsworth and culminating some forty years later with the New Hall at Hardwick.
		Bess was a meticulous record-keeper, and in 1601 probate inventories were compiled of her three houses.
	www.chrysalisbooks.co.uk /book/190540025X (218 words)

	Bess of Hardwick from Books.co.uk
		Bess of Hardwick was one of the most remarkable women of the Tudor era.
		During the reign of King Edward VI, Cavendish was the Treasurer to the boy king and sisters, and he and Bess moved in the highest levels of society.
		Bess' fourth marriage to the patrician George, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, Earl Marshall of England, made Bess one of the most important women at court.
	www.books.co.uk /bess_of_hardwick/0316724823.html (260 words)

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