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	Bessus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bessus (died summer 329 BC) was a Persian nobleman and satrap of Bactria and Sogdiana, and later self-proclaimed king of Persia.
		Bessus survived the loss at Gaugamela and remained with Darius III, whose routed army eluded Alexander's forces and spent the winter in Ecbatana.
		Alexander ordered that Bessus' nose and ears be cut off, which was a Persian custom for those involved in rebellion and regicide; we learn from the Behistun inscription that Darius I punished the usurper Phraortes in a similar manner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bessus (370 words)

	Bessus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bessus survived the loss at Gaugamela and remained with Darius III, whose routed army eluded Alexander's forces and spent the winter in (Click link for more info and facts about Ecbatana) Ecbatana.
		Bessus proclaimed himself the king of Persia and adopted the name (King of Persia who sanctioned the practice of Judaism in Jerusalem (?-424 BC)) Artaxerxes.
		Bessus was then (Click link for more info and facts about crucified) crucified in the place where Darius III was killed.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Be/Bessus.htm (249 words)

	Bessus
		Bessus: Persian nobleman, murderer and successor of king Darius III Codomannus.
		However, Bessus, Barsaentes (the satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana), and Satibarzanes (the satrap of Aria), assessed the situation differently.
		Bessus tried to defend Bactria, and in fact forced Alexander to make a detour through Drangiana, Arachosia and Gandara, that is through southern Afghanistan.
	www.livius.org /be-bm/bessus/bessus.html (769 words)

	Bessus
		Bessus was satrap of Bactria and Sogdiana under Darius III.
		When Alexander pursued the Persian king on his flight to the East (summer 330), Bessus with some of the other conspirators deposed Darius and shortly afterwards killed him.
		He then tried to organize a national resistance against the Macedonian conqueror in the eastern provinces, proclaimed himself king and adopted the name Artaxerxes.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/be/Bessus.html (161 words)

	Alexander the Great (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His efforts were so far successful that Bessus felt escape to be hopeless unless Darius could be made to leave his chariot and fly on horseback.
		The autumn and winter were spent in overrunning parts of the modern Afghanistan and Cabul, in the formation of the Caucasian Alexandria, and in the passage of the Hindu-Kush.
		The surrender of Aornus and Bactra was followed by the passage of the Oxus and by the betrayal of Bessus, who was sent naked and in chains to the city which had been his capital.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/ALE/alexander-the-great.html (5867 words)

	Bessus - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This means that he was a very important Achaemenid nobleman and probably a close relative of king Darius III Codomannus (336-330), because the satrap of Bactria -northern Afghanistan- usually was the first in the line of succession, the mathišta.
		However, after a few weeks, according to Arrian of Nicomedia, Bessus proclaimed himself king and took the name Artaxerxes V. This was a mistake, because Alexander considered himself the rightful Persian king; he now had to attack Bessus.
		Bessus tried to prevent the Macedonian crossing of the Oxus river by burning all available ships.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Bessus (762 words)

	Alexander of Macedonia
		Bessus tried to raise a resistance army among the Persians but the stories of Darius' death would have made it difficult to rally support.
		On the other hand Alexander could and did pursue Bessus to wipe out any possible resistance to his control and he could justify it on the basis that he was punishing someone who betrayed his lawful sovereign.
		Bessus' frightened troops turned him over to Alexander who had him mutilated, tortured and then sent back to the city of Hamadan where was found guilty and executed.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/alexandergreat.htm (6989 words)

	SparkNotes: Alexander the Great: The Far East
		Bessus was still out stirring trouble, as he attempted to raise an army to defend the old empire.
		Bessus was forced to wear a wooden collar, the mark of a slave, while Spitamenes was praised by Alexander.
		Bessus would later be mutilated, having his nose and ears cut off before being executed.
	www.sparknotes.com /biography/alexander/section10.rhtml (1061 words)

	Arrian Campaigns of Alexander (Anabasis) Summary
		Darius is arrested by Nabarzenes, Bessus and Barsaentes.
		Bessus lays waste to the land, but AG is not deterred even by the snow.
		Bessus is captured and mutilated under orders of AG, then sent to Ecbatana for execution.
	www.mcgoodwin.net /pages/otherbooks/lfa_anabasis.html (3513 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Alexander the Great by Jacob Abbott
		As soon as Bessus and his company found that their pursuers were close upon them, they attempted at first to hurry forward, in the vain hope of still effecting their escape.
		She inflicted upon him the most extreme tortures, and finally, when satiated with the pleasure of seeing him suffer, the story is that they chose four very elastic trees, growing at a little distance from each other, and bent down the tops of them to- [233] ward the central point between them.
		They fastened the exhausted and dying Bessus to these trees, one limb of his body to each, and then releasing the stems from their confinement, they flew upward, tearing the body asunder, each holding its own dissevered portion, as if in triumph, far over the heads of the multitude assembled to witness the spectacle.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=abbott&book=alexander&story=death (3900 words)

	Afghanan Dot Net
		But the young, still in his twenties, conqueror dreamed of equaling, if not sur-passing the conquests of Darius I. Furthermore, he smarted with anger on hearing that Bessus, murderer of Darius and chief of the Bactrians, had assumed the titles of the Achaemenid kings and was gathering an army.
		His direct pursuit of Bessus was, however, checked by revolt in Aria (Herat).
		Bessus was captured, put into chains and executed.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/alexander.htm (429 words)

	Wanderings Of Alexander The Great
		After the battle of Arbela his own generals seem to have revolted against his weakness and incompetence; they made him a prisoner, and took him with them in spite of his desire to throw himself upon the generosity of his conqueror.
		Bessus, the satrap of Bactria, they made their leader.
		He had refused to go on with Bessus, refused to mount the horse that was brought to him.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles32n/outline-history-4.shtml (1297 words)

	type_Document_Title_here
		Critics have differentiated Arbaces and Bessus by assuming that they fulfill stereotyped functions--Arbaces the tragically boastful hero, Bessus the comically boastful coward--and by viewing them merely as symbolic equivalents of oppositions between Reason and Will or humanity and bestiality.(10) Bessus's presence in the play, however, is potentially far more disruptive to the court.
		Though comic, Bessus's dilemma over honor--his desire to have it and yet to be free to ignore or to transgress it--presents a significant reprise of Arbaces's desires for self-sufficiency and for transgressing the codes that bind him in his role, either as king or as subject, dependent upon the social and political recognition of others.
		Bessus seems to care for neither; he is merely a function of power, imitating and complying with what he thinks will gain him political favor.
	www.geocities.com /milleldred/fletcherflores.html (9422 words)

	The ten-horned beast: Alexander the Great. (12) The way to dusty death
		In the spring, their enemy Artaxerxes V Bessus would certainly block the passes and destroy the countryside; if the Macedonians were to have an easy crossing, they were forced to move across the mountains as soon as possible.
		On hearing the news, Bessus' men left their king alone, and he was forced to go to the country north of the river Oxus (the modern Amudar'ya).
		Bessus had tried to prevent the crossing of the Oxus by burning all available ships.
	www.livius.org /aj-al/alexander/alexander12.html (2812 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 485 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		'381, Bessus commanded the left wing of the Persian army, and was thus directly opposed to Alex-
		Soon after the flight of Dareius from Ecbatana (where, after the battle of Arbela, he had taken, refuge), the conspirators, who had the Bactrian troops at their command, succeeded in possessing themselves of the king's person, and placed him in chains.
		But, being closely pressed in pursuit by Alexander, and having in vain urged Dareius to mount a horse and continue his flight with them, they filled up by his murder the measure of their treason, b.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0494.html (968 words)

	Battle of Gaugamela - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Bessus commanded the left flank with the Bactrians and Scythians and Mazaeus commanded the right flank with the Syrian and Median cavalry.
		Alexander commanded the Macedonian right flank himself, with the Companion cavalry and the Hypaspists, and Parmenio the left flank, with the Thessalian and Greek allied cavalry.
		Darius managed to escape to Media, but was later killed by Bessus.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gaugamela (625 words)

	The Life and Successes of Alexander the Great
		His own viceroy, Bessus, took charge of Darius and kept him as a prisoner.
		Bessus, not at all sure that he wanted to fight, led his men in a further retreat, further north, fading into the countryside.
		Bessus was captured and then cruelly tortured before being killed.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/worldhistory/alexanderthegreatsuccess7.htm (668 words)

	Reports from the Suzerain - Braggarts Hall
		Bessus would be ready and then the telling blow would be delivered by the irresitable crash of his forces.
		Bessus had been part of the vaunted Company of the Sun due to his loyalty and similarity to Alexandros, great leader of the most fabulous army in the Suzerain of Sloth.
		Bessus managed one moment of semi-lucitidy and saw on the field a huge example of a sloth (the sign of the Suzerain) tearing the guts out of a mighty dragon.
	www.bung.org /~sos/mon/RolePlay/Reports04.html (10843 words)

	Gaugamela
		Bessus energetically followed this order and sent the light horse Bactrians and Scythians to the front.
		Bessus arrived with his armored Bactrians followed by the Massagetai and Menidas' cavalry was overwhelmed, falling back along with the Paeonians covered by the Peltasts.
		Bessus sent some of his force to his left to further turn the Macedonian flank (some say to attempt to rescue Darius's mother in Alexander's camp), and the rest bore down on the fleeing Greeks.
	www.ancientbattles.com /WAB_Macedonians/GaugamelaScenario.htm (1212 words)

	Alexander the Great, Synopsys,JJP p a r t t w o
		His cousin Bessus and the Persian magnates staged a coup d'etat and had betrayed and imprisoned Darius, at Skirmish (near modern Shahrud, after a the Caspian Gates), the usurper Bessus finally had stabbed his king Darius III and left him to die in agony.
		In the July, Bessus was captured, flogged, and sent to Bactria, where he was later mutilated after the Persian manner (losing his nose and ears); several months later he was publicly executed at Ecbatana.
		The Bessus was treated with the barbaric cruelty which the rule of the old Persian monarchy prescribed for rebels.
	www.1stmuse.com /frames/p2-alex-synopsys.html (5877 words)

	Artaxerxes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arses of Persia is believed to have taken the royal title of "Artaxerxes IV".
		Bessus, the Persian nobleman who murdered Darius III of Persia, renamed himself Artaxerxes when he claimed the throne.
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Artaxerxes (112 words)

	Bessus -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He then attempted to continue resistance against Alexander in the eastern part of the empire but was captured and killed for his regicide.
		The reckoning with Bessus, however, had to be postponed until the middle of 329.
		Darius' death left no obstacle to Alexander's claim to be Great King, and a Rhodian inscription of this year (330) calls him “lord of Asia”—i.e., of the Persian Empire; soon afterward his Asian coins carry the title of king.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078939?tocId=9078939 (350 words)

	The Baldwin Project: The Story of Greece by Mary Macgregor
		After a long and difficult march of three hundred miles, to which his soldiers took only eleven days, the king heard that Darius had passed the defile called the "Caspian Gates." For five days he allowed his men, who were utterly exhausted, to rest, before he again started in pursuit of the fugitive.
		After passing through the Caspian Gates, Alexander heard that Bessus, a kinsman of Darius, who was also his officer or satrap, had made him a prisoner.
		Bessus was betrayed into the hands of Alexander not long afterwards.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=macgregor&book=greece&story=slays (1230 words)

	Reviews of Heroes in the Dust by Jennifer Macaire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As they travel toward India, they are searching for their son stolen by Bessus a strap from Bactria.
		Bessus had fled Persia to rouse the hill tribes against Alexander.
		The child was taken from Ashley, almost sacrificed, only to be taken by Darius, the Persian king, who was later murdered by Bessus, a Bactrian.
	www.jacobytebooks.com /reviews/heroes.htm (2427 words)

	Smaller History of Greece, A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		nd shortly afterwards Bessus was betrayed by two of his own officers into the hands of Alexander.
		Bessus was carried to Zariaspa, the capital of Bactria, where he was brought before a Persian court, and put to death in a cruel and barbarous manner.
		To this place a Bactrian named Oxyartes, an adherent of Bessus, had sent his daughters for safety.
	www.manybooks.net /pages/smithwiletext00asmhg10/228.html (329 words)

	Alexander The Great - Analysis of the Film
		Darius was advised to flee yet he wouldn't and so was slain by Bessus who was one of Darius'; best friends.
		Alexander had heard that Bessus was waiting for him in the Hindu Kush and so he set out there desperate to kill the man who proclaimed his title.
		Bessus had known that Alexander was coming and so covered the whole main route with mines, yet he didn't know Alexander very well for Alexander opted to take a fraction of his army on another treacherous route east.
	www.studentcentral.co.uk /alexander_great_-_analysis_the_film_2681 (615 words)

	Belmont Club
		Bessus had calculated on winning the gratitude of Alexander; but the demi-god understood above all how treason, now that he was king, had to be rewarded.
		Bessus was cruelly mutilated at Alexander's command and executed.
		Hollywood may have calculated that none of this was important; that the sole point of interest of a population weaned on the tabloids was the earth-shaking question of whether or not Alexander was gay.
	belmontclub.blogspot.com /2004/11/alexander-and-darius-victor-davis.html (10391 words)

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