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Topic: Beta Israel

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	Beta Israel - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Nevertheless, the Beta Israel appear to have flourished, during this period, due to the presence of the capital of Ethiopia, Gonder, in Dembiya, surrounded by Beta Israel lands.
		In the past, Beta Israel who broke these taboos were ostracized and had to undergo a purification process, including fasting for one or more days and ritual purification in a mikvah before entering the village.
		According to a November 17th 1999 BBC article, a report commissioned by Israel's Ministry of Immigrant Absorption stated that 75% of the 70,000 Ethiopian Jews that were living in Israel in 1999 could not read or write Hebrew and over half of the population could not hold a simple conversation in the language.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Beta_Israel (7021 words)

	Beta Israel - MSN Encarta
		According to one tradition its ancestry traces to Menelik, son of King Solomon of Israel, and the Queen of Sheba.
		The Sabbath regulations of Beta Israel are stringent.
		The center of Beta Israel religious life is the masjid, or synagogue.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578235/Beta_Israel.html (379 words)

	Beta-Israel History and Culture
		In the hope of reaching Israel and family members, the remaining residents of the Jewish villages began to flow out of the highlands towards Addis Ababa.
		Israel was a Western country that they did not understand and was very different from what they knew or expected.
		Knowledge in Israel about Ethiopian Jews, their history, habits, foods, language, way of life and hardships was almost nonexistent.
	www.almaya.org.il /content/beta/culture.htm (921 words)

	Center for Israel Studies
		True, in 1980s Israel the melting pot discourse had been supplanted by a new discourse espousing cultural pluralism, the mixing and fusion of cultures; in practice, however, the newcomers were pressured to adapt to the dominant culture.
		In Israel, the weakness of the state was compounded by the crisis in its domestic party politics, especially since the beginning of the 1990s, which indirectly brought about the emergence of new groups and not-for-profit associations.
		True, they came to Israel of their own volition, and for religious reasons, and from this point of view their history is different from that of the descendants of the slaves who were exiled forcibly from Africa and transported to America.
	www.american.edu /israelistudies/whatsnew/Papers/Uri.htm (6312 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Beta Israel
		The Beta Israel (or "House of Israel"), known by outsiders by the pejorative term Falasha or Falash Mura ('exiles' or 'strangers') are Jews of Ethiopian origin.
		The Israeli government accepted the Beta Israel as Jews officially in 1975; Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin obtained clear rulings from Chief Rabbi Ovadia Yosef that they were legitimate descendants of the lost tribes.
		In the past secular scholars were divided on the origins of the Beta Israel; whether they were the descendents of an Israeli tribe, or converted by Jews living in Yemen, by the Jewish community in southern Egypt (Elephantine), or even by the permanent Jewish community in Ethiopia implied in Isaiah 11:11 (ca 740 BCE).
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Beta_Israel (1154 words)

	The Jews of Africa -- The Beta Israel of Ethiopia
		The Jews of Africa -- The Beta Israel of Ethiopia
		Though the Ethiopian Jews prefer to call themselves Beta Israel (the House of Israel), "Falasha" is an apt way to characterize their community’s role as an interminable outsider since its inception nearly two millennia ago.
		Only since the Israeli government accepted the Falashas as "official" Jews in 1975 has this unlikely community begun to find some of the acceptance that it has sought.
	www.mindspring.com /~jaypsand/ethiopia.htm (88 words)

	"Ethiopian Immigrants to Israel Left Waiting in Limbo - Forward.com"
		The agency is the quasi-governmental entity responsible for immigration to Israel.
		The bulk of the Beta Israel came in two emergency missions in which thousands of Ethiopians were airlifted to Israel.
		Israel’s policy on the Falash Mura changed in the 1990s, largely due to advocacy by American Jews and to vocal protests by relatives of the Falash Mura who had made it to Israel.
	www.forward.com /articles/ethiopian-immigrants-to-israel-left-waiting-in-lim (1329 words)

	Canadian Jewish News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ethiopians in general, not just the Beta Israel, were interested in Israel, but Jews in his village were so desperate for news about the Jewish state “people went 35 to 40 kilometres by foot to a town to hear the news about Israel,” he recalled.
		He was intimately involved with the effort that brought 14,000 Beta Israel to Addis from Gonder and from there to Israel in a massive two-day airlift.
		Beta Israel on that occasion were given a special chai necklace to identify them to Israeli agents who arranged their passage to the Jewish state, he said.
	www.cjnews.com /viewarticle.asp?id=9971 (1192 words)

	Israeli and Lebanese Groups Rally to Help Animals \| The Humane Society of the United States
		On July 26, BETA also began a rescue of animals from a zoo in the Southern suburbs of Beirut.
		BETA reports that the situation is persistently dismal, and that its team continues to operate in a highly dangerous situation.
		BETA has completed moving its Beirut shelter animals to a safer location on a farm about 10 miles east of the city.
	www.hsus.org /about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/lebanon_israel_animal_response.html (872 words)

	Struggle to Save Ethiopian Jewry
		Because much of the Beta Israel's history is passed orally from generation to generation, we may never truly know their origins.
		Israel, in an attempt to improve relations with Ethiopia and secure freedom for the Beta Israel, renews military assistance to Ethiopia after Somalia besieges it on the southeastern border.
		Refugees International conducts an investigation concluding that it is, "unconscionable for Israel to delay, year after year, the consideration of claims by Judaic Ethiopians that they are eligible for immigration." It suggests that aid be provided immediately and that a census be conducted to determine the size of the community.
	www.studentstruggle.org /past.html (4332 words)

	Beta Israel - Definition, explanation
		The Beta Israel come from a Jewish enclave in the Ethiopian highlands which had no contact with other Jewish communities until the 1860s.
		It was not until 1990 that Israel and Ethiopia came to an agreement that would allow the remaining Beta Israel a chance to migrate to Israel.
		Ethiopian legend relates that Ethiopians are descendants of Israelite tribes who came to Ethiopia with Menelik I, alleged to be the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (or Makida, in the legend).
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/be/beta_israel.php (1018 words)

	Society And Culture - Post details: Beta Israel
		Beta Israel"s last battle was fought in 1624 against Portuguese-backed Ethiopians.
		Mariam"s reign was a huge threat to Beta Israel and anti-Semitism was spreading throughout the land.
		The move to Israel was bittersweet for several families who were afraid of never seeing their loved ones again, and many committed suicide as a result of separation anxiety.
	www.text2read.com /blog/index.php/Society/2006/05/08/beta_israel (657 words)

	Beta Israel information - Search.com
		The Beta Israel (or "House of Israel"), known by outsiders by the term Falasha ("exiles" or "strangers"), a term that they consider to be pejorative, are Jews of Ethiopian origin.
		Israel has approved the immigration of the Falash Mura at 300 a month although the Ethiopian Jewish community and their supporters have been petitioning to increase this to 600 a month in order to prevent the spread of disease and malnourishment amongst the Jews still waiting in Ethiopia.
		The Ethiopian legend described in the Kebra Negast relates that Ethiopians are descendants of Israelite tribes who came to Ethiopia with Menelik I, alleged to be the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba (or Makeda, in the legend).
	www.search.com /reference/Beta_Israel (2646 words)

	[No title]
		The BETA team has been re-entering the southern suburbs of Beirut (one of the war zones) whenever possible to feed stray animals and rescue abandoned and often emaciated pets.
		BETA contacted one of their volunteers with the Red Cross and a taxi driver from that area who agreed to break into apartment and rescue the animals.
		As for the cat, they brought her to the BETA vet’s clinic after nearly two days of changing hands between taxi drivers who took turns covering the treacherous route form the south.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=176321 (734 words)

	African American Registry: Ethiopian Jews, rich past, rich future
		Some Beta Israel believes that they are descendants of Menelik, according to legend, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
		The religious life of the Beta Israel is based on the Torah (the first five books of the Bible) and its oral interpretations as passed down from generation to generation, and the community's own holy writings.
		Beta Israel villages, usually set apart from neighboring Christian villages, were always situated near a body of water for ritual purposes of immersion and purification.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/2384/Ethiopian_Jews_rich_past_rich_future (1706 words)

	Ras Dashen Ethiopian Restaurant, (773) 506-9601, 5844 N Broadway St, Chicago, IL 60660
		Passover remained an important holiday to the Beta Israel, Historically, on Passover, Ethiopian Jews would sacrifice a goat, according to the ancient tradition of the Hebrews, though after their rediscovery by world Jewry in the early 20 th century, they largely gave up the practice for the more symbolic one used by Jews elsewhere.
		Historically, some Beta Israel communities broke their plates and threw them away at Passover, creating new ones for the holiday.
		Beta Israel kashrut does not include the separation of meat and milk, a rule adopted by other Jews after their community became separated.
	www.rasdashenchicago.com /ethiopian_jews.html (938 words)

	MACHAR, The Washington Congregation for Secular Humanistic Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Beta Israel kids in Israel and Ethiopia are in need of food, school supplies, health supplies, and even money for school field trips.
		The Beta Israel had been cut off from all the other Jews in the world so they had no clue what was going on with other Jews.
		Israel and the U.S. thought it was important to get the Jews out of Ethiopia so that the rebels would not take them hostage in order to exchange them for guns and supplies.
	www.machar.org /EthioJews.html (1844 words)

	History News Network
		These potters and weavers, known as Beta Israel, or Falasha, are believed by some to be lost descendants of the ancient tribe of Dan, perhaps emigrating from what is now Israel to Egypt nearly 2,000 years ago.
		The current controversy surrounds a second group, the so-called Falash Mura, who say their ancestors were forcibly converted to Christianity during the 19th and 20th centuries or opted to forsake their religion to escape social ostracism and economic discrimination.
		But some immigration experts in Ethiopia and Israel say the humanitarian effort complicated matters by creating dependency among once self-sufficient farmers and attracting desperate families to Addis Ababa in search of free services even though they were not eligible for relocation.
	www.hnn.us /blogs/entries/21471.html (924 words)

	BBC News \| Africa \| Ethiopia's Jews: The last exodus
		Jacques Faitlovitch is the man credited with creating an educated elite among the Beta Israel, which formed a link between the Ethiopians and the rest of the international Jewish community.
		He also encouraged the Beta Israel to adapt their religious practices so as to bring them closer to mainstream Judaism.
		Unlike the Russian immigrants, many of whom came to Israel with job skills, the Ethiopians came from a subsistence economy and were ill-prepared to work in an industrialised country.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/376225.stm (842 words)

	[No title]
		Beta-Israel History and Culture 12/24/01 Almaya, Israel: Ethiopian Jewry in Israel, with special attention to recent history, through the time of the immigration into Israel: "The Beta-Israel immigrants found that Israel is not the biblical Holy Land.
		In focus: Shebaa farms 5/25/00 BBC: Israel uses Beta Israel as cannon fodder - "A group of farms close to the poorly-defined border of Lebanon and Syria has emerged as a potential new flashpoint for conflict between Israel and Lebanese Muslim guerrillas.
		Beta Israel lived apart from world jewry until the 20's, when Dr. Jacques Faitlovitch, a Polish-born Jew, took up their cause and plugged them into the Zionist movement.
	afrocubaweb.com /news/betaisrael.htm (1151 words)

	Israel HighWay
		The Ethiopian Jews, Beta Israel, or Falashas (meaning the alien ones or invaders as other Ethiopians would refer to them) were an independent religious unit in Ethiopia until the 17th century when the Christian population sought to destroy their independent autonomy.
		Israel's consul-general in Los Angeles leveled criticism at Steven Spielberg's "Munich," saying that the new film drew an incorrect picture of the Mossad's hunt for the PLO terrorists of the 1972 Olympic massacre, and taking the legendary director to task for morally equating the Israeli agents and their Palestinian terrorist targets.
		While there were trickles of Ethiopian Jews who arrived in Israel prior to 1984, "Operation Moses" was the beginning of Israel's emergency response to the dire situation of the Beta Israel.
	www.israelhighway.org /archive-2005/15dec05.html (5622 words)

	H-Net Review: Peter Midgley on On the Wings of Eagles. An Ethiopian Boy's Story
		The Beta Israel believe that they are the descendants of Menelik, the son of Solomon and the queen of Sheba.
		For a long time, the Beta Israel believed that they were the only Jews left in the world, and followed the traditions laid down in the Torah, as well as those handed down to them by tradition.
		The Beta Israel are mentioned in Jewish writings of the sixteenth century, and were then accepted as part of the Jewish community, yet today many Jewish people still question whether the Beta Israel have the right to call themselves Jews.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=16041967496096 (1141 words)

	The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia av Steven Kaplan Â» Bokkilden
		The culmination of almost a decade of research, "The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia" marks the publication of this study of the history of thi...
		The culmination of almost a decade of research, "The Beta Israel (Falasha) in Ethiopia" marks the publication of this study of the history of this community.
		Drawing on a variety of sources including the Beta Israel's own literature and oral traditions, Kaplan demonstrates that they are not a "lost Jewish tribe", but rather an ethnic group which emerged in Ethiopia between the 14th and 16th century.
	www.bokkilden.no /SamboWeb/produkt.do?produktId=1710893&rom=MP (335 words)

	moonstart: Ethiopian Rights in Israel
		According to Durranda Ojanga in “The Ethiopian Jewish Experience as Blacks in Israel” (1993), race is a predominant factor in the experience of the Falasha due to ethnocentrism, because of cultural differences between the Ethiopians, whose life in their native country was largely agrarian, and the Israelis, who are members of a modern industrial nation.
		The symbolic bathing rituals were meant to cleanse the Beta Israel of impurities that the Israeli rabbis associated with their life in ignorance of the Talmudic teachings and to certify the Falasha as “full Jews” (1996, 10).
		According to the Israel Association for Ethiopian Jews, In the Tzemach S School in Israel, there are two courses of study: one an ultra-Orthodox ("Torani", the Yishai School) of which less than 5% Ethiopian students, and the other a Religious Public School track ("Mamlachti Dati") composed of 70% Ethiopians.
	moonstart.livejournal.com /220575.html (2199 words)

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