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Topic: Betaine

	Betaine
		Studies have suggested that betaine, along with other nutrients, helps to reduce potentially toxic levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a naturally occurring amino acid that can be harmful to blood vessels thereby contributing to the development of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease (reduced blood flow to the legs and feet).
		Betaine may contribute to the lowering of Hcy, a substance recognized as a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and blood clots in the walls of blood vessels, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
		Betaine is also used to increase the concentration of acids in the stomach.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsSupplements/Betainecs.html (995 words)

	Betaine and Betaine Hydrochloride
		Betaine is a metabolite of choline (see Choline) and is a substrate in one of the two recycling pathways that convert homocysteine to L-methionine.
		Betaine, in the form of a white, granular, hygroscopic powder referred to as anhydrous betaine, is an orphan drug for the treatment of homocystinuria.
		The hydrochloride of betaine is known as betaine hydrochloride, betaine HCL and pluchine.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/bet_0331.shtml (1663 words)

	Balchem Betaine
		Betaine hydrochloride is an acidic form of betaine, a vitamin-like substance found in grains and other foods.
		Betaine has been reported to play a role in reducing blood levels of homocysteine, a toxic breakdown product of amino-acid metabolism that is believed to promote arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis.
		Betaine is guaranteed to be BSE-free and not to be genetically modified, as it is produced by a synthetic process using no biological or genetically modified materials.
	www.balchem.com /core/newsletter_details.asp?ArticleID=228 (355 words)

	Betaine Hydrochloride
		Betaine hydrochloride is a source of hydrochloric acid, a naturally occurring chemical in the stomach that helps us digest food by breaking up fats and proteins.
		Betaine hydrochloride is typically taken in pill form at dosages ranging from 325 to 650 mg with each meal.
		Betaine hydrochloride should not be used by those with ulcers or esophageal reflux (heartburn) except on the advice of a physician.
	www.al-hikmah.org /betaine-hydrochloride.asp (417 words)

	Betaine Hydrochloride Information on Healthline
		Betaine hydrochloride is a synthesized chemical, and is not obtained from any plant or animal source.
		Betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria, a condition in which an abnormally low amount of hydrochloric acid is in the stomach.
		Betaine hydrochloride has also been used to treat tic douloreux (a condition which involves spasmodic pain along the course of a facial nerve), cystinuria (a hereditary defect that results in recurrent kidney stone formation), and vitiligo (a condition that is characterized by milky-white patches on otherwise normal skin).
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/betaine-hydrochloride (784 words)

	Betaine
		Betaine reduces potentially toxic levels of homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid found normally in the body.
		Betaine offers a variety of potential therapeutic uses, primarily in the prevention of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.
		Betaine is found in a wide variety of plants and animals.
	www.alternativedr.com /betaine.htm (419 words)

	Betaine in NASH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine is a normal component of the metabolic cycle of methionine and has been shown to increase S-adenosylmethionine levels (SAM).
		SAM converts phosphatidyl-ethanolamine to phophatidylcholine which is an important constituent of lipoproteins involved in the transport of fat from the liver, hence preventing the infiltration of fat into the liver and subsequent liver damage.
		The aim of the current study is to determine the efficacy and safety of betaine in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
	mayoresearch.mayo.edu /mayo/research/lindor_lab/betaine.cfm (270 words)

	Glycine betaine and its use - Patent 6855734
		The use of betaine amongst other ingredients is intended to reduce the level of homocysteine in the blood, it having been established that homocysteine is a positive factor of risk in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, as well as in Alzheimer's disease.
		Betains, preferably glycine betain, is advantageously administered orally, parenterally, sub cutaneously, by suppositories, tablets, capsules, syrup, etc. Administered doses can vary from 0.001 g to 10 g per kg live body, for example from 0.005 g to 5 g, in particular from 0.01 g to 3 g per kg life body.
		Preferably, at least the glycine betaine is in a form suitable for subcutaneous injection (preferably intra venous injection) or in a form adapted for the preparation of a form suitable for subcutaneous injection (preferably intravenous injection).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6855734.html (8127 words)

	Betaine HCL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine HCl is a dietary supplement that is used as a digestive aid.
		Betaine HCl is made up of betaine, a substance from beet sugar, bound to hydrochloric acid.
		Betaine HCl must be taken at the beginning of a large meal.
	www.supplementnews.org /betaine-hcl (1096 words)

	Benefits of betaine - betaine supplementation for bodybuilders Flex - Find Articles
		The main promise for betaine is to help a person keep his or her liver healthy after alcohol or steroid use.
		Betaine protects the liver from a variety of chemical insults, including death of liver cells caused by a backlog of natural bile salts.
		A newer suggested use for betaine is to reduce the risk of glycocyamine toxicity (a creatine substitute also known as guanidinoacetate).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0KFY/is_7_21/ai_107422312 (506 words)

	Betaine Hydrochloride
		Betaine is a vitamin-type compound found in grains and other foods.
		Betaine hydrochloride is the acidic form of betaine.
		Betaine hydrochloride is primarily prescribed as a supplemental source of hydrochloric acid for people who have difficulty digesting due to a lack of stomach acid.
	www.nutrasanus.com /betaine-hydrocloride.html (408 words)

	betaine,coco betaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
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	betaine.sunxe.com (333 words)

	Betaine anhydrous patient advice including side effects
		Betaine anhydrous is prescribed to reduce dangerously high blood levels of the naturally occurring amino acid homocysteine.
		The active ingredient in Betaine anhydrous (betaine) is found in our bodies and in foods such as beets, cereals, seafood, and spinach.
		Betaine anhydrous will start to work within a week, and should have your condition completely under control within a month.
	www.drugs.com /pdr/BETAINE_ANHYDROUS.html (884 words)

	Betaine : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., betaine information, betaine for health
		betaine hcl, betaine hydrochloride, betaine and liver, betaine and homocysteine
		The principal physiologic role of betaine is as an osmolyte and methyl donor (transmethylation).
		Betaine is involved in homocysteine metabolism as an alternative methyl donor and is used in the treatment of homocystinuria in humans.
	www.raysahelian.com /betaine.html (2742 words)

	Betaine - High-quality, Low-price - Betaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine hydrochloride (also known as trimethylglycine) is a colorless crystalline substance obtained from an alkaloid found in beets and other plants that plays an important role in the health of the cardiovascular system and the liver.
		Studies have suggested that betaine helps to reduce potentially toxic levels of homocysteine, a naturally occurring amino acid that can be harmful to blood vessels and can contribute to the development of health problems associated with poor heart function.
		Betaine can also be helpful in normalizing acid levels in the stomach, which is essential for proper digestion.
	www.immunesupport.com /betaine.htm (189 words)

	Betaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine, a vitamin-like compound that occurs naturally in the body and in some foods, can lower blood levels of homocysteine, reports a study in the Journal of Nutrition (2003;133:4125—8).
		Betaine has also been shown to reduce homocysteine levels, but the 6 grams per day used in the various studies was relatively large; a normal diet contains considerably less betaine, typically 0.5 to 2 grams per day.
		Betaine is also available as a nutritional supplement, both as pure betaine and as betaine hydrochloride.
	youngagain.com /betaine.html (762 words)

	Numark \| Betaine
		Betaine also plays a role in the manufacture of carnitine and serves to protect the kidneys from damage.
		Betaine is most widely available as betaine hydrochloride (betaine-HCl), but that form is used primarily as a source of hydrochloric acid for people with hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid).
		Betaine is not an essential nutrient, and thus no deficiency state exists.
	www.numarkpharmacists.com /hn/Supp/Betaine.htm (470 words)

	Extreme Halophiles Synthesize Betaine from Glycine by Methylation -- Nyyssölä et al. 275 (29): 22196 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Glycine betaine is a compatible solute, which is able to restore and maintain osmotic balance of living cells.
		and accumulate betaine in response to drought or salinity (5,
		Demonstration of Betaine Biosynthesis in E. halochloris and A. halophila Cell Extracts-- The aim of the study was to characterize the biosynthetic pathway of betaine in two halophilic organisms, E.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/29/22196 (3343 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Betaine (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine (BAY-ta-een) is used to treat a lack of or defect in certain enzymes that causes too much homocysteine in the blood and urine.
		There is no specific information comparing the use of betaine in the elderly with use in other age groups.
		Betaine powder should be mixed with 4 to 6 ounces of juice, milk, or water until completely dissolved.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203077.html (699 words)

	Betaine in human nutrition -- Craig 80 (3): 539 -- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine transport in the gill of a marine mussel, Mytilus californianus.
		Betaine is a highly effective organic osmolyte but does not appear to be transported by established organic osmolyte transporters in mouse embryos.
		Attenuation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity by betaine or taurine in rats.
	www.ajcn.org /cgi/content/full/80/3/539 (6117 words)

	Trimethylglycine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trimethylglycine is an organic compound with a structure similar to choline and a betaine.
		Betaine HCl is used as a digestive aid; it is particularly helpful for persons with insufficient acid production in the stomach.
		Trimethylglycine / betaine donates a methyl group to convert homocysteine to methionine (using Vitamin B6 and Zinc as co-factors) in a reaction catalysed by BHMT (the Betaine-Homocysteine-Methyl-Transferase enzyme).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betaine (708 words)

	[No title]
		In a recent study [5] on the use of 2 M betaine within sequencing reactions performed with double-stranded supercoiled plasmid DNA templates and T7 DNA polymerase (SequenaseTM), it was shown that the inability to bypass secondary structures can be chased by adding betaine even after a pause has occurred.
		This suggests that betaine alleviates the paused extension of primer, rather than affecting either the initial annealing of primer to template or the half-life of polymerase, and that betaine somehow disrupts the contorted DNA helix without perturbing the polymerase-DNA interaction.
		It has been suggested that betaine affects the extension reaction either by binding to AT pairs in the major groove [5], or by increasing the hydration of GC pairs by binding within the minor groove and thus destabilizing GC-rich DNA [6].
	www-lecb.ncifcrf.gov /~pnh/papers/TIBS/jun97.html (1410 words)

	[No title]
		Additionally, they note that betaine has been shown to substantially decrease homocysteine levels in patients with a condition known as homocystinuria, and they therefore theorized that it could have the same benefit in healthy patients as well.
		The authors conclude that "Betaine supplementation decreases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in healthy volunteers." However, the extent of the decrease is much smaller in healthy volunteers than in patients with homocystinuria.
		Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is produced by the body from choline and also from the amino acid glycine.
	www.mercola.com /2000/oct/1/eggs_homocysteine.htm (646 words)

	Betaine (Trimethylglycine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Betaine has been studied in clinical trials conducted in Germany, Italy, and France in the treatment of alcohol-related liver disease.
		Betaine is also showing promise as a toothpaste ingredient, as it has been shown to produce significant relief of dry mouth.
		Effects of singly administered betaine on hepatotoxicity of chloroform in mice.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Supp/Betaine.htm (965 words)

	Numark \| Betaine HCl
		Betaine hydrochloride is recommended by some doctors as a supplemental source of hydrochloric acid for people who have a deficiency of stomach acid production (hypochlorhydria).
		Betaine HCl is the most common hydrochloric acid-containing supplement.
		Occasionally, betaine (trimethylglycine) is recommended to reduce blood levels of a substance called homocysteine, which is associated with heart disease.
	www.numarkpharmacists.com /hn/Supp/Betaine_HCl.htm (577 words)

	Betaine HCL supports stomach function and protein digestion
		This involves the use of a Betaine Hydrochloride supplement that is used as a challenge substance, when eating, to see if digestive function improves with its use.
		When using Betaine HCL with Pepsin for the first few times, please be sure to follow the directions carefully.
		After having used the Betaine HCL for eleven weeks, at a dosage of two capsules per meal, without any discomfort, Joan now notices that she feels a burning sensation when taking the two capsules.
	www.modernherbalist.com /betaine.html (1236 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Betaine Anhydrous Information and Product Listing! Betaine Anhydrous FAQ!
		Betaine Anhydrous is a versatile vitamin that is used by the body for a wide variety of physiological purposes.
		Betaine's chief purpose in the body is the lowering of homocysteine levels.
		The action of betaine is potentiated in the presence of choline (its precursor), folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12.
	www.bodybuilding.com /store/beta.html (560 words)

	betaine, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Innis SM, Hasman D 2006 Evidence of choline depletion and reduced betaine and dimethylglycine with increased homocysteine in plasma of children with cystic fibrosis.
		Ji C, Kaplowitz N 2003 Betaine decreases hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and liver injury in alcohol-fed mice.
		Kim SK, Kim YC 2002 Attenuation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity by betaine or taurine in rats.
	home.insightbb.com /~rhodesdavid/betaine.htm (1520 words)

	Cocamidopropyl betaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a zwitterionic surfactant with a quaternary ammonium cation in its molecule.
		Cocamidopropyl betaine is a derivate of cocamide and betaine.
		Cocamidopropyl betaine is a medium strength surfactant which most often does not irritate skin or mucous membranes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cocamidopropyl_betaine (464 words)

	TMG (Tri-methyl-glycine) / Betaine
		We avoid this name because betaine is commonly sold in health food stores in it’s hydrochloride form as a hydrochloric acid supplement for people with weak digestive acids.
		The desired material is free-base betaine, which tastes mildly sweet and causes no untoward side effects.
		TMG (Trimethylglycine), also known as anhydrous betaine, is a naturally occurring phytonutrient found in a variety of plants and animals, with highest concentrations in beets, leafy green vegetables, and legumes.
	www.earthtym.net /ref-TMG-betaine.htm (1948 words)

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