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	Betel Nut (Areca catechu L.)
		Betel nut is reportedly used by a substantial portion of the world's population as a recreational drug due to its CNS stimulant activity.
		Betel is not recommended in children due to risks of toxicity, including worsening symptoms of asthma, effects on the heart, or cancer.
		Betel nut is not recommended during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the risk of birth defects or spontaneous abortion.
	allnutritionals.com /natural-products/betel-nut-areca-catechu-l.shtml (1628 words)

	The Betel Nut; an article by Ieuan Dolby
		The nut grows at the top of the trunk amongst the palm leaves and is harvested using mobile cranes, agile and nimble tree climbers or on the smaller trees using long poles with knives attached to cut the bunches off.
		The nut itself with the husk removed in no larger than a walnut, it is solid throughout, has a marbleized grain structure and is as hard as a knot in a piece of hard wood.
		Betel nut chewers (or suckers as the primary action is to suck and soak the betel nut in the mouth like a boiled sweat or tobacco) are primarily found in Asia and the Pacific Islands.
	www.seadolby.com /taiwan/betel.html (3134 words)

	Betel Nut : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., Benefits of Betel Nut
		Betel nut is chewed regularly by at least 10% of the world population, imported by immigrant users wherever they settle, and is the fourth most widely used addictive substance.
		Betel quid chewing is a strong independent risk factor for pharyngeal cancer (cancer of the back of the throat), but not laryngeal cancer (cancer of the voice box), according to findings published in the International Journal of Cancer.
		Betel quid is chewed for its stimulant effects, to satisfy hunger and as a social and cultural practice.
	www.raysahelian.com /betelnut.html (1262 words)

	Fowler \| Scholar \| Betel
		What betel chewers put in their mouths is primarily areca nut, sometimes wrapped in betel leaf, with mineral lime usually added as a catalyst.
		Areca nut is the seed of the tall, slender areca palm (areca catechu), native to the fringes of the Indian and west Pacific Oceans.
		One betel novice, yet to be won over by the habit, says sneeringly that it reminds her of chewing incense.
	www.epistola.com /sfowler/scholar/scholar-betel.html (2098 words)

	MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: Betel Nut (Areca catechu L.)
		Betel nut may slow or raise the heart rate, and could alter the effects of drugs that slow the heart, such as beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digoxin.
		Betel nut extracts may lower blood cholesterol levels based on animal study, and may increase the effects of agents that lower cholesterol levels, such as fish oil, garlic, guggul, and niacin.
		Betel may cause stimulant and euphoric effects and add to the effects of stimulants such as caffeine, guarana or ephedra (Ma huang).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-betelnut.html (2326 words)

	DrugInfo Clearinghouse (ADF) - Betel nut - Betel nut: The effects of chewing areca nut and betel quids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Areca, or betel, nut chewing is an important cultural practice that has traditionally been used in some medical practices, religious ceremonies and to strengthen social ties in a number of regions in south and southeast Asia and the Asia Pacific.
		The effects of consuming areca nuts and betel quids are reportedly felt quickly, with the onset of effects occurring within a few minutes of chewing and the effects being felt for a couple of hours.
		Areca nuts and betel quids are generally chewed for their psychoactive properties that help reduce tension, produce a feeling of well being and facilitate social interactions and strengthen social ties.
	www.druginfo.adf.org.au /article.asp?ContentID=betelnut (1185 words)

	The Betel Nut
		The nut along with a leaf or leaves of the betel climber, a vine which is usually found growing with the areca palm, and a bit of raw limestone are mixed into a paste.
		While the use of the betel nut is dying out in the cities, at almost every non-Christian wedding party, along with the cakes, sweetmeats, tea, etc., the betel chew will be found.
		The reddened mouths and flened teeth of the betel nut chewers of the Vietnamese countryside are a strange and startling sight to most Americans.
	www.usssatyr.com /betel.htm (850 words)

	Betelnut or Pugua Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Nut chewing is definitely an acquired habit more commonly passed down from grandparents (called guelo) to grandchildren.
		Depending on species, the nut sizes vary from thumbnail to fist size and the kernel (nut) is surrounded by husk.
		While betel-chewing (Areca nut, sprinkled with slaked lime and wrapped in a Piper betel leaf which produces a very bitter and sharp tasting chewable poultice) results in heavily stained and worn teeth, it prevents cavities from forming.
	ns.gov.gu /pugua.html (467 words)

	Sake Drenched Postcards - Betel Nut in Papua New Guinea
		Betel nut is perhaps the one unifying element amongst PNG's numerous cultures, languages (cultural stigmas concerning inter-marrying amongst its tribes have given rise to over 700 languages), and topography (coastal marshes, beaches, mountains, and rainforests).
		In enjoying betel nut, lime and betel pepper are chewed together with the white and brown marbled nut of the areca palm.
		This being a necessary byproduct of the ritual, it dictates that the chewing betel nut is banned in certain public places.
	www.bigempire.com /sake/betelnut.html (1420 words)

	BETEL-ARECA
		The habit of chewing betel quid, containing fresh, dried or cured areca nut, catechu, slaked lime and flavouring ingredients wrapped in betel leaf, is widespread in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka and in migrant populations coming from these regions.
		Areca nut given in the diet produced squamous-cell carcinomas of the stomach and unspecified malignant uterine tumours in one study and oesophageal papillomas and a carcinoma in another study in male and female mice.
		Betel quid with tobacco causes oral cancer and cancer of the pharynx and oesophagus.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol85/85-01-betel-areca.html (3382 words)

	Huyser-Honig Creative Services: Consumer publications--Betel nut on Yap
		Betel nut was the only cash income source for 36 percent of those surveyed.
		Betel nut is not widely chewed in Pohnpei, the seat of FSM government.
		The betel nut thief must pay $500, of which $50 is for the village where the crime was committed, $250 for the owner, and $200 for the informant who provided the most reliable information.
	www.hhcreatives.com /Writing/Betelnut.htm (2619 words)

	Betel nut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Please note that Betel leaf is a different species of plant to the betel nut, and not in the areca family, but the Piper family (same as pepper and Kava).
		Betel nut chewers in Taiwan were found to have a twenty-eight times higher risk of acquiring oral cancer [3].
		Although a substantial proportion of the cancers are caused by the tobacco rather than the betel nut and leaves in the quid, according to WHO, betel chewing without tobacco also leads to cancer of the mouth [4].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betel_nut (1679 words)

	Betel Nut in Taiwan
		Well, facts first: "Betel nut - the astringent seed of an East Indian palm, the betel palm, used for chewing with betel leaves and lime." The effects of chewing seem to be a slight feeling of warmth over the body and a warm tight feeling across the forehead; those are my lab findings.
		There are two preparations: one splits the nut and pastes in mash of the betel nut along with a small slice of lime: the second preparation is the 007, where two nuts are wrapped together is a betel nut leave.
		Roadside betel nut stalls are the abodes of the 'Betel Nut Beauty,' the pedestals from which they can display their beauty and a few other things as well.
	www.geocities.com /djgarside/letter/one.html (2196 words)

	PACSOA - Betel Nut uses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		According to Trilok and Indira Malupuria in 'Sacred and Useful Plants and Trees of Nepal' (1978), the betel nut is used to personify the image of Laksmi, the Goddess of wealth and Ganesha, the God of wisdom.
		As betel leaves (leaves of the vine, Piper betel) are a must in the observance of sacred worship, so the betel nut is equally important.
		During the actual marriage betel nut is used extensively and then after the marriage when the bride first reaches the groom's house, she distributes betel nuts to all the family members including the groom.
	www.pacsoa.org.au /palms/Areca/betel_uses.html (270 words)

	Palm Fruit Photos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Then fresh leaves of the betel pepper are smeared with lime and chewed with the nuts.
		Betel nut chewing is commonly indulged in after dinner.
		In fact, betel nut chewing may have some medicinal value, such as counteracting overacidity and producing a mild stimulation and feeling of well being.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ecoph10.htm (2651 words)

	The Bin-lang Files: The Story of the Nut
		The chewing of the nut was to become a potent symbol of 'being Taiwanese', and was sufficiently widespread to be known as Taiwanese chewing gum.
		The betel nut is the fruit of the Betel Palm (Areca catechu).
		The betel quid as chewed in Taiwan consists of three basic elements: the areca nut itself; the leaf, and, uniquely in Taiwan, the inflorescence, of the piper betel plant: and a paste of slaked lime.
	www.takaoclub.com /binlang/index.htm (822 words)

	Beetle nut and leaves... - HawaiiThreads.com
		Added to that but not illegal is their aquiring and use of the beetle nut and leaves in which they chew and spit all over the place.
		Betel nuts are hardly a "drug" to be concerned about, but I agree, the spitting part of it is as gross as my old Texas uncles and their chewing tobacco.
		Red splashes from betel nut users are a constant part of life in India.
	www.hawaiithreads.com /showthread.php?t=5110 (477 words)

	Betel Nut Smart Chews
		Betel nut is one of the world's most ubiquitous stimulants.
		A recent study suggests that an alkaloid in the nut called arecoline may be responsible for its cognitive enhancing effects.
		We've combined pure, chopped betel nuts with extracts of guarana and a careful combination of amino acids to enhance the stimulating and nootropic effects.
	basementshaman.com /betnutsmarch.html (206 words)

	Oral Cancer and Areca Nut, Betel Nut, Paan, Gutka
		Paan tends to refer to the glossy heart-shaped betel (Piper betel) pepper spice leave, which is not botanically related to the betel nut palm (Areca catechu) which is added as slivers, to it along with some lime (calcium hydroxide) to better extract the alkaloids in the nut.
		After about 20 minutes of chewing, the fibrous residue which remains of the nut is often spat on the street, where it remains visible due to its characteristic bright red colour.
		Historically a betel quid (paan) was often formulated to an individual's wishes but now readymade packets of these products are now available as a proprietary mixture known as paan masala.
	rdoc.org.uk /areca_betel_nut.html (1055 words)

	Betel nut beauty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Betel nut beauty on the road between Taipei and Hsinchu.
		Taiwanese betel nut kiosks, heavily decorated with bright neon lights, are most common on highways and suburban roads in the western part of the island, such as around Taichung.
		In its view, working as a betel nut beauty is the first step down a slippery slope leading to substance abuse and prostitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Betel_nut_beauty (617 words)

	Singapore Hostel- Betel Box Backpacker Youth Hostel Singapore. Singapore Hostels Accommodation
		The Betel Box Singapore Hostel is named after the Betel Nut, an addictive spice that is central to Asian hospitality.
		The Betel Vine is a member of the pepper family and is used in traditional ceremonies and as a social bonding aid by almost all Asian cultures represented in Singapore- Chinese, Malay, Indian, Peranakan and Eurasian.
		Betel Box as the name suggest, is a container for Betel Nuts, assorted tools and ingredients; each ethnic community has its own decorative versions of the Betel Box.
	www.betelbox.com (1460 words)

	Palm-Nut Problem: Science News Online, Jan. 15, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Betel chewing is also soaring in India, where the sale of packaged betel products has skyrocketed in the past decade.
		For years, experts thought that the cancer risks associated with betel chewing stemmed from tobacco in betel quid or from the high likelihood that a betel chewer would also be a tobacco smoker.
		A long-time betel chewer is inspected for cancer in a Taiwan clinic.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20050115/bob10.asp (1438 words)

	Betel-nut chewers with faulty gene have higher risk of mouth cancer
		Some people who chew betel nut may be genetically more prone to mouth cancer, a new report in the British Journal of Cancer reveals today*(1) (Tuesday).
		A betel quid or paan is a mixture of betel nut, lime and other spices wrapped in a betel leaf.
		People who chew betel nut, paan or paan masasla (with betel nut in it) have an increased risk of mouth cancer but people who chew the mixture with tobacco have an even higher risk of the disease.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=14882 (880 words)

	BETEL NUTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Betel nuts are usually consumed in the form of betel morsels.
		The betel morsel can then be placed in the cheek or under the tongue and sucked on for a few hours much the same way as one would do with a sourball.
		The effect of this concoction is primarily due to the oily, volatile arecoline contained in the areca palm nut.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/recreationaldrugs/betel.htm (454 words)

	Some people who chew betel nut may be genetically more prone to mouth cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Chewing the nut on its own or with a mixture of tobacco, lime and betel leaf is a popular habit in Asian countries and among British Asians.
		While all betel chewers have an increased chance of developing mouth cancer, scientists believe the genetic make-up of a person is likely to influence their susceptibility to the disease.
		This report suggests that if people chew betel and also possess this particular gene variant - their risk of the disease is even higher.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=5541 (690 words)

	Journeys Myanmar Betel Nut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Betel is chewed and the resulting red juice expectorated along with the remaining pulpy mass.
		Betel is the fresh leaf of a vine belonging to the botanical family piperaceae and is cultivated in India, Myanmar, the Malaysian Peninsular, Indo-China and Indonesia.
		It is prepared by thinly smearing a fresh betel leaf with slaked lime, adding thin slices of betel nut and some cutch, then folding the leaf so that the ingredients are wrapped and enclosed.
	www.journeysmyanmar.com /betel_nut.htm (588 words)

	Erowid Betel Vault
		Betel nuts, the fruit of the Areca catechu palm tree, also known as the Betel Palm, contain the stimulant arecoline.
		The ground nuts are often combined with mineral lime and wrapped in the leaf of a Betel pepper plant, although they are sometimes consumed buccaly ('chewed') alone.
		Safrole in Betel Quid Liu CJ Betel Nut & Schizophrenia
	www.erowid.org /plants/betel/betel.shtml (184 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Betel - Herb Profile and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		---Description---The Betel plant is indigenous throughout the Indian Malay region and also cultivated in Madagascar, Bourbon and the West Indies.
		---Constituents---The chief constituent of the leaves is a volatile oil varying in the leaves from different countries and known as Betel oil.
		The Indians use the leaves as a masticatory (the taste being warm, aromatic and bitter), together with scraped areca nut and lime.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/b/bethel33.html (227 words)

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