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Topic: Betta Kurumba language

	Kurumbas Tribe in Tamil Nadu,Ancient Kurumbas Tribe,Tamil Nadu Ancient Tribes
		The Kurumbas lived in the lower reaches of the Nilgiri hills in mountain clefts, glens and forests.
		The chief sub-division of the Kurumbas of the Nilgiris are, Mul (thorn), Betta (hill), Urali (village), Jen (honey) and Tac' chanadan (carpenter).
		The language spoken is a corrupt from Kannada and Tamil.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /tamil-nadu/tribes/kurumbas.html (343 words)

	Tamil - Indian Languages
		It was the first language to develop a distinct prose form of writing among the classical languages of the world.
		Tamil is a member of the Tamil languages group of languages, along with Irula, Kaikadi, Betta Kurumba, Sholaga, Yerukula.
		The Tamil languages are a subgroup of the Tamil-Malayalam languages, which in turn is a subgroup of Tamil-Kodagu languages, a subgroup of Tamil-Kannada-Telugu languages.
	www.gloriousindia.com /culture/tamil.html (355 words)

	Tamil language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The written language has changed little during this period, with the result that classical literature is as much a part of everyday Tamil as modern literature.
		The language is also spoken in other parts of these two countries, most notably in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra, and in Colombo and the hill country in Sri Lanka.
		Tamil is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and is one of 22 nationally recognised languages under the Indian Constitution.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tamil_language (3890 words)

	Central Institute of Indian Languages
		Most Betta Kurumbas are multilingual: they use their native language within the community, and the official state language as a lingua franca outside the community.
		I argue that this division has important repercussions for the development of a native language education programmes for the community because these programmes are to take into consideration the practical benefits of combining education in the native language, as well as the local state language.
		Despite the two challenges discussed, I argue that the development of native language education is vitally important to ensure the long-term survival of Betta Kurumba and other indigenous languages in the Nilgiris.
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/Abstracts/Abstacts/27.htm (545 words)

	Off-line recordings you can order - List 2 - EveryTongue.com
		Xinan Guanhua, a dialect of Chinese, Mandarin language
		Brazilian Portuguese, a dialect of Portuguese language
		Rongmahbrogpa, a dialect of Tibetan, Amdo language
	www.everytongue.com /list2-no-web.htm (360 words)

	tamil_language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It is one of the official languages of India, Singapore, Malaysia and Sri Lanka.
		Tamil is the Official Language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and union territories of Pondicherry/Pudhucherry and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and is one of 23 nationally recognised Official Languages in the Indian Constitution.
		The language is centamil.]]In addition to its various dialects, Tamil also exhibits a rather sharp diglossia between its formal or classic variety, called centamil, and its colloquial form, called koduntamil, a broad term which traditionally referred to all spoken Tamil dialects rather than any one standard form.
	www.mortgageslenders101.com /wiki/?title=Tamil_language (4157 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tamil is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken in southern India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries.
		The earliest available text is the Tolkaappiyam, a work on poetics and grammar which describes the language of the classical period, portions of which date back to around 200 BC.
		Its resemblance to the three dots that were found on shields in mediaeval times, and the similarity of the name āytham to the word āyutham meaning 'weapon' or 'tool' has resulted in it often being called āyutha ezhuthu.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Tamil_language.html (3488 words)

	Tamil Translation Services
		Tamil is a member of the Tamil languages group of languages, along with Irula, Kaikadi, Betta Kurumba, Sholaga, Yerukula.
		The Tamil languages are a subgroup of the Tamil-Malayalam languages, which in turn is a subgroup of Tamil-Kodagu languages, a subgroup of Tamil-Kannada-Telugu languages.
		The Tamil-Kannada-Telugu languages are a subgroup of the Southern branch of the Dravidian language family.
	www.verbatimsolutions.com /languages/tamil.php (303 words)

	South Asian Media Net
		Languages spoken in the five states of south India belong to the Dravidian family and most of the languages spoken in the north are of Aryan family.
		It referred to the mixed Western Hindi-Urdu language that developed in the camps and marketplaces around Delhi, was spread throughout India from the 16th to 18th century, and functioned as a lingua franca among the different language groups.
		Linguists consider the Munda languages to be related to the Mon-Khmer languages of Southeast Asia in a larger grouping called the Austro-Asiatic family.
	www.southasianmedia.net /profile/india/history_india_languages.cfm (2421 words)

	Preserving At-risk Languages - Through the Sallyport
		He estimates that half of the 6,000 living languages are expected to vanish within the next 100 years as dominant European languages displace minority languages due to the socioeconomic status and influence that speakers of the more dominant languages have in the global community.
		They also hope to contribute to native language literacy and avert the threat of language loss by developing educational materials that will enable Betta Kurumba children to get some of their school education in their native language.
		Once the language is no longer spoken and you don't have proper record of it, you've lost that domain of how humans have adapted to the world and to themselves.
	www.rice.edu /sallyport/2004/spring/sallyport/atrisklanguages.html (792 words)

	Tamil language - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The earliest extant text in Tamil is the Tolkāppiyam, a work on poetics and grammar which describes the language of the classical period, the oldest portions of this book may date back to around 200 BCE (Hart, 1975).
		Tamil is a phonetic language and is subject to well-defined rules of elision and euphony.
		The Tamil script does not have distinct letters for voiced and unvoiced plosives, although both are present in the spoken language as allophones--i.e., they are in complementary distribution and the places they can occur do not intersect.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Tamil_language (4013 words)

	Tamil language information - Search.com
		It is one of the official languages of India, Singapore and Sri Lanka.
		Tamil is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and is one of 22 nationally recognised languages under the Indian Constitution.
		Tamil is a phonetic language and is subject to well-defined rules of elision and euphony.
	www.search.com /reference/Tamil_language (4017 words)

	Ethnologue: India
		Hindi is the state language, but it is not well known except by the educated.
		Hindi is used as second language; some bilingual ability in all social groups for education and contact with non-Haryanvi speakers.
		Language use is vigorous in home and community in most areas.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Inda.html (7453 words)

	India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel
		Tamil is the first language of the majority in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and in northern, eastern and northeastern Sri Lanka.
		The language is also spoken by small groups of minorities in other parts of these two countries, most notably in the Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala and Maharashtra, and in Colombo and the hill country in Sri Lanka.
		Tamil is the Official Language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, and union territories of Pondicherry/Pudhucherry and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and is one of 23 nationally recognised Official Languages in the Indian Constitution.
	www.pondicherryin.org /wiki-Tamil_language (4663 words)

	Tamil Information Center - tamil girls
		The Tamil-Kannada languages belong to revealing tamil actresses the southern branch of the Dravidian language family.
		In addition, Tamil was recognised as a classical language by the Government of India in 2004, following a campaign by several Tamil associations supported by academics from India and abroad, most notably Professor George L. Hart, who occupies the Chair in Tamil Studies at the University of California, tamil songs Berkeley.
		A slightly tamil hot different theory holds that voiced consonants were at one stage allophones of unvoiced consonants, and the lack of distinction between the two in the modern script merely reflects that.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_T_-_Z/Tamil.html (3970 words)

	India individueel Dussehra dagtotdag
		One of the five ancient tribes of the Nilgiris (Todas, Kothas, Kurumbas, Irulas and Badagas), the Kurumbas were (and are) closest in being in tune with the beauties as well as rigors of nature.
		Kurumba is the Tamilised name of either Kuruma or Kuruba in the native tongue.
		The Kurumba faith spoke of all beings turning ‘devas’ after their death; the kind ones became creative ‘devas’ and the others became destructive devas.
	www.dim-sum.nl /main.asp?page=406 (1496 words)

	BhashaIndia.com :: Tamil Features
		Sharing ranks with other languages like Latin, Greek (Hellenistic) and Sanskrit, Tamil is the first "living" language (with reference to continued usage in its original form) to be given this honor.
		Sanskrit's influence on the evolution was estimated to be at its peak during the Medieval period, as evidenced by the large number of words of Sanskrit origin present in Tamil's lexicon.
		Perhaps one reason for Tamil's continuing prosperity could be the language's ability to adapt its structure and usage guidelines to cater to all sections of society.
	bhashaindia.com /Patrons/LanguageTech/TamilFeatures.htm (1167 words)

	Towards Portability and Interoperability for Linguistic Annotation and Language-specific Ontologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The largest (and growing) user group for endangered languages materials are the speakers of endangered languages, and these speakers are rarely interested in looking at linguistic categories or navigating via them.
		Even where the relationship between a language-specific ontology and that language’s morphosyntax is indirect, for many researchers the most interesting phenomena are those not found universally.
		The central task in constructing a general linguistic ontology is mapping the phenomena of a given language to the concepts in the ontology, and extending the ontology where no viable mapping exists.
	emeld.org /workshop/2005/abstracts/munro-abstract.html (265 words)

	Some 2000 Language Reference Resources
		Beaton, A. A Grammar of the Fur Language.
		The Warrnambool Language: A consolidated account of the Aboriginal language of the Warrnambool area of the Western District of Victoria based on nineteenth-century sources, Volume 544 of Pacific Linguistics.
		Blust, R. Sketches of the morphology and phonology of bornean languages 1: Uma juman (kayan).
	www.cs.chalmers.se /~harald2/n.htm (6831 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:QKB
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		May or may not be the same as Betta Kuruba in Coorg District.
		Literacy rate in second language: 15% to 25%.
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_language.asp?code=QKB (135 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages Issue 29.
		The Foundation for Endangered Languages, in association with the Central Institute of Indian Languages, will hold its annual 2006 conference in India, home of more than a thousand languages and dialects, and a consciously multilingual policy stance by the Government of India.
		Among these strugglers are the languages of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, where communities are not only tiny, but also some of the most anciently independent tribes on the planet.
		As we understand the effort to revitalize languages, this is no more than the support they need to develop in the face of new demands, including the increased bi- and multi-lingualism coming from globalization, urbanization and language contact.
	www.ogmios.org /292.htm (811 words)

	Central Institute of Indian Languages
		History, languages and populations A broader context for endangered languages
		Strategies proposed for arresting different types and degrees of language endangerment in India.
		Language Shift in the Minority Swat Kohistani Community - The Case of Ushojo
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/Abstracts/SAbstracts.htm (220 words)

	LINGUIST List 16.2054: General Ling/South Asian Lang: Singh (2004)
		Sanford Steever, The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics
		languages and linguistics of the South Asian linguistic area.
		Tamil language is approached and studied in Tamil language
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/16/16-2054.html (1405 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear if you order the cassette tape.
		Here is a list of the languages that do not have a recording.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

	HRELP - Gail Coelho
		She is currently working on a book manuscript which presents a grammar of Betta Kurumba, expanding upon a description of the language provided in her doctoral dissertation.
		She has also begun working on Betta Kurumba ethnobiology, for which she has collected native names for plants and animals, descriptions of traditional uses of natural resources, and folk stories in which animals and plants are anthropomorphized.
		Her main research interest is in language documentation, for which she believes that it is particularly important to document a wide range of genres of discourse (stories, songs, riddles, proverbs, etc.) and to document cultural knowledge as it is encoded in language (as, for example, in the study of ethnobiology).
	www.hrelp.org /aboutus/staff/index.php?cd=gcoelho (354 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:xub
		Betta Kurumba Nonstandard Tamil, Kadu Kurumba, Urali Kurumba
		May be the same as Betta Kuruba in Coorg District.
		Lexical similarity 59% to 77% among groups that are called 'Betta Kurumba'.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=xub (117 words)

	Digital Tamil
		Tiruvalluvar wrote in the Dravidian language of southern India, an older tongue than the Aryan languages of the north.
		Thirukkural in different languages of the world: Thirukkural is now available in many languages online at this site.
		The earliest available text is the Tolkāppiyam, a work on poetics and grammar which describes the language of the classical period, portions of which date back to around 200 BCE.
	digital-tamil.blogspot.com (4863 words)

	vidyodaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gudalur is a land of tea and pepper, both attracting cash crop status and engaging several local tribals as labour.
		Betta Kurumba, Mullu Kurumba, Pahiye, Irula, Katu Nayakans are a few of the thirty odd tribal communities in the region who have their roots in the forest belts bordening Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
		It is in Gudalur that Rama and Ramadas have set up a very distinct and unusual leaning center for the tribal children of the area - the Vidyodaya School.
	www.multiworld.org /taleemnet/eresources/vidyodaya.htm (803 words)

	Transient Languages & Cultures
		It's based on her fieldwork with Betta Kurumba people of Tamil Nadu.
		Certainly, for speakers of the Central Australian language Warumungu that I worked with, a major classifying principle is habitat - plants and animals are classified as wangarri-warinyi (hill/stone dwellers), karlampi-warinyi (creek-dwellers) and so on.
		She's got a helpful checklist of what you need to give the botanist for identification - and she includes a delicate reminder that in many areas you can't just go ripping mushrooms and ferns out of the ground without permission.
	blogs.usyd.edu.au /elac/2006/11/good_things_in_the_language_ar_1.html (790 words)

	Sri Lanka News: Full autonomy only acceptable solution: LTTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Kulakottan...your reply to my post regarding the Tamil Language is descriptive, but it should be understood that when it comes the Dravidian culture and language which dwels deeply in the Past, a precise account of how the language developed cannot be deduced.
		Similalrly..the dravidian Languages although considred Old, ought to have a PARENT LANGUAGE from which it had evolved...this is probably the Brahminic Language.
		The language preceded the script and there were oral traditions even before the application of writing.
	www.lankanewspapers.com /news/2006/7/7647_6.html (1689 words)

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