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Topic: Bey of the Ottoman Empire

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	ottoman empire - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman I in the 16th century when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest; and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north.
		The Empire was situated in the middle of East and West and interacted throughout its 6 century history with both the East and the West.
		The Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Allies during the war and its territories were colonized by the victors.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Ottoman-Empire (1322 words)

	Ottoman Empire - Search View - MSN Encarta
		After his death the empire experienced severe internal crises, including disorder in the provinces, unrest in the military as serious inflation caused soldiers to be underpaid or not paid at all, and succession issues due to the lack of candidates who were of age to assume the sultanate.
		This led to a period in Ottoman history known as “the Sultanate of the Women.” During this period the political impact of the harem was felt and the mothers of young sultans exercised power in the name of their sons.
		To be an Ottoman one had to serve the state and the religion and know the “Ottoman way.” Serving the state meant having a position within the military, the bureaucracy, or the religious establishment that carried with it the coveted askeri status and tax exemption.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761553949__1/Ottoman_Empire.html (6484 words)

	ipedia.com: Ottoman Empire Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Ottoman Empire was a Turkish state in the Middle East that comprised Anatolia, part of Southwest Asia, North Africa and south-eastern Europe in the 14th to 20th centuries, established by a tribe of Oghuz Turks in western Anatolia.
		The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest; and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north.
		For centuries, the Ottoman Empire was the refuge of the Jews of Europe.
	www.ipedia.com /ottoman_empire.html (883 words)

	Bey
		During the Ottoman Empire the ruler was called "bey" until 1394, when Bayezid 1 was given the right to call himself "sultan" by the shadow caliph in Cairo.
		The bey was an important figure, often autonomous from the sultans in Istanbul (before 1453 Bursa and Edirne).
		From 1705, "bey" became the title of the sovereign of Tunisia.
	i-cias.com /e.o/bey.htm (145 words)

	Bey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bey is originally a Turkic word for "chieftain," traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups.
		The title bey could be maintained as a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the High Porte, such as Khedive Mehmet Ali's Egypt, where it was a rank below Pasha (maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a Pasha's son.
		Sometimes a bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three zuzes under the Khan of the Khazaks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bey (770 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Albania / Glossary
		Title of honor adopted by the Ottoman sultans in the sixteenth century, after Sultan Selim I conquered Syria and Palestine, made Egypt a satellite of the Ottoman Empire, and was recognized as guardian of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
		The city was captured by the Turks in 1453 and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
		The Ottoman Empire disintegrated at the end of World War I; the center was reorganized as the Republic of Turkey, and the outlying provinces became separate states.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/albania/al_glos.html (2512 words)

	The First Capital of Ottoman Empire,Bursa
		Mehmed Tevfik Bey explains that when the three sisters, one from the house- hold of Sultan Abdülhamid, the other from the household of Sultan Mehmed V, and their elder sister were exiled to Bursa, he invited them to stay at his house until they found a permanent home of their own.
		Kemaleddin Bey was married to Naime Sultan, one of the daughters of Abdülhamid II.
		In the second half of the nineteenth century the Ottoman government realised the crucial importance of constructing a railway across the country, and in 1871 an edict was promulgated for a main line from Istanbul to Baghdad.
	www.ottomansouvenir.com /Capitals/Bursa.htm (5160 words)

	The Rise of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire
		To the Ottoman Empire, however, the capture of the imperial capital was of supreme symbolic importance.
		The Ottoman Empire had Turkish roots and rested on Islamic foundations, but from the start it was a heterogeneous mixture of ethnic groups and religious creeds.
		Ottoman forces confronted those of the Habsburg kingemperor Charles V along the Danube and in the western Mediterranean.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Turkey2.html (3639 words)

	Murad 1
		Murad is often referred to as sultan, and even if he called himself "sultan", it was not until 1394 that title was officially introduced.
		During his reign the empire saw expansions in both Anatolia and the Balkans.
		1360: Following the death of bey Orhan, Murad succeeds as new bey of the Ottoman Empire.
	i-cias.com /e.o/s03-murad1.htm (270 words)

	The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudros
		The Ottoman delegation was armed with cabinet instructions, which, considering the hopeless situation of the Ottoman army, seemed to display a certain lack of realism.
		The fact that the empire survived as an empire with the revered institutions of the Sultanate and Caliphate intact was a consolation.
		Looking back from where we are, the Ottoman Empire is only one of the great continental empires to disappear in the wake of World War I, but we should not forget that in 1918 the Ottoman dynasty, unlike that of the Romanovs, the Habsburgs or the Hohenzollerns, did manage to hang on to its throne.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /tcimo/tulp/Research/LIDDLE.htm (2461 words)

	Bey
		Bey is the Turkish word for "chieftain." In historical accounts, many Turkish and Persian leaders are betitled bey, beg or beigh.
		They are all the same word with the simple meaning of "leader." The regions or provinces where beys ruled were called beylik, roughly meaning "emirate" or "principality".
		Note that the first three rulers of the Ottoman Empire were titled bey and not sultan which came in use first after 1383.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/b/be/bey.html (170 words)

	Notes on the Ottoman Empire
		The powerful empire of Byzantium was an extension of the Roman empire that lasted more than nine centuries and was responsible for the conversion of the Russians to Christianity.
		I finally chose to use the title "Notes on the Ottoman Empire" because although it lasted only six centuries, its influence is still present in all the regions shown on these maps, including those it did not occupy.
		For information on the history of the neighbouring regions to the north and to the south, you could refer to the Notes on the Balkans that I gathered in 1999 and the Notes on the Middle East drafted in 2002.
	berclo.net /page03/03en-notes-ottoman.html (780 words)

	Ismail Bey Gaspirali and Crimean Tatar Emigrations
		It is true that Ismail Bey Gaspirali's attempt to openly discourage his compatriots from abandoning their ancestral homeland, the Crimea, was too late; the majority of the Crimean Tatars had already fled their ancestral homeland and resettled in the Ottoman Empire.
		Ismail Bey Gaspirali was the individual who really made a monumental difference in the national awakening of the Crimean Tatars and the rest of the Turkic-Muslim people of the Russian Empire and the development of the milli ruh or national conscious.
		It is unfortunate that Ismail Bey was not born a half a century earlier to awaken the national conscience of the Crimean Tatar people during the height of the Crimean Tatar emigrations to the Ottoman Empire.
	www.iccrimea.org /gaspirali/emigrations.html (2921 words)

	de Bei Bey is the Turkish Turkish word... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		de:Bei "Bey" is the Turkish Turkish word for "chieftain." In historical accounts, many Turkish Turkish and Persia Persian leaders are betitled "bey", "beg" or "beigh".
		Note that the first three rulers of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire were entitled "bey" and not sultan sultan which came in use first after 1383 1383.
		This title was used also in Albania Albania (Albanian language Albanian language: "bej", "be", or "beu") which used to be under the Ottoman Empire.
	www.biodatabase.de /bey (197 words)

	Victims of Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Government
		The first three were foes of the Ottoman Empire, the latter two, allies of the Ottoman Empire.
		The United States, neutral towards the Ottoman Empire, also condemned the Armenian Genocide and was the chief spokesman in behalf of the Armenians.
		After the Ottoman Empire was dissolved, they were not assigned to Syria, as should have been the case, since, being of Semitic origin, they are related to the Arab-Syrians.
	www.unitedhumanrights.org /victims.php (5785 words)

	Bey
		...Hakim Bey, the goofy Sufi, is the Marco Polo of the marginals milieu.
		...Hakim Bey is a zealot for new ideas and concepts necessary for the birth of our.....Hakim Bey is a zealot for new..
		Huckleberry Bey Champion Arabian Stallion, TAF Adonis Bey.
	www.plexxa.com /s/Bey (232 words)

	Hey days of the Ottoman Empire - Fatih, Yavuz, Suleyman
		Cairo falls on Jan. 22, 1517; Tuman Bey executed but Mamluks continue to be a powerful force in Ottoman Egypt.
		Sherif of Mecca acknowledges Ottoman suzerainty; Ottoman sultan assumes responsibility for the two Holy Cities and the pilgrimage routes.
		Incompetence of ruler permits political dominance of Grand Vezir Mehmet Sokollu; conquest of Cyprus from the Venetians, reestablishment of the Cypriot Orthodox Patriarchate, and the repopulation of the island; Battle of Lepanto (1571), nava1 defeat of Ottomans by fleets of the Holy League; the Ottoman Empire has reached the limit of its geographical expansion.
	www.turizm.net /turkey/history/ottoman2.html (335 words)

	Tanburi Cemil Bey: Vol 4 & 5 / Ottoman music from 1910-14 / cdRoots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These are recordings made from the original discs cut in the beginning of the century, so please be aware that they sound like old 78s...
		Tanburi Cemil Bey is the most renowned composer of instrumental art music from the late Ottoman Empire.
		For over a century, his contributions to the suite forms known as pesrev and saz semai and breathtaking, elegiac improvisations (taksims) on tanbur and kemençe have remained the benchmark for modern Turkish composers and performers.
	www.cdroots.com /tc-bey-45.html (312 words)

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