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Topic: Beyond Freedom and Dignity

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	Beyond Freedom and Dignity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity is a book-length essay written by American psychologist B.
		The book argued that entrenched belief in free will and the moral autonomy of the individual (which Skinner referred to as "dignity") hindered the prospect of building a happier and better organized society through the use of scientific techniques for modifying behavior.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity followed Walden Two, a novel in which Skinner depicted a utopian community based on his ideas regarding behavior modification.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Beyond_Freedom_and_Dignity (176 words)

	POSTSCRIPT
		The question of freedom had had a long history -- many philosophers, theologians, and behavioral scientists were determinists -- but the question of the feeling of dignity or worth had received much less attention.
		What lay "beyond" the freedom and dignity of the individual was the survival of the species or, more immediately, of a way of life in which the potential of the species was more fully realized.
		Many of the attacks on Beyond Freedom and Dignity were personal, Reviews were accompanied by portraits of me in which my head was attached to the bodies of rats and pigeons, On one campus I was hanged in effigy.
	ww2.lafayette.edu /~allanr/post.html (1002 words)

	B.F. Skinner Beyond Freedom and Dignity
		His approach to behaviorism saw human behavior as also being largely explicable in terms of physiological responses to external stimuli.
		Among his important works are Behavior of Organisms (1938), Walden Two (1961), and Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971).
		In Beyond Freedom and Dignity Skinner controversially advocated mass conditioning as a means of social control.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /psychology/skinner.html (250 words)

	Beyond Freedom and Dignity and Reason Part 2
		The difference between freedom in the political sense and freedom in the metaphysical sense is crucial.
		Whether or not the literature of freedom has anything to say about scientific methodology as such, it most definitely is opposed to totalitarian control of society by technocrats with collectivist ideas.
		In this respect the literature of freedom is opposed to Skinner and his brand of science, and Skinner is correct in identifying the literature of freedom as a major obstacle he needs to overcome.
	royhalliday.home.mindspring.com /Skinner2.htm (2305 words)

	Skinner
		He claims that if only we follow this technology, laying aside foolish notions of freedom and dignity, we will then be on the road to creating a society where people will feel free and feel dignified (though they will know their behavior is completely controlled).
		In Freedom, Skinner reviews the "literature of freedom" and tries to show that its force comes from an attempt to avoid "aversive control." But in doing so, the literature of freedom fails to free the "happy slave" -- the person who is controlled by circumstances but likes and "chooses" it.
		This addiction, he claims, is the result of our outmoded ideas of freedom and dignity.
	www.stolaf.edu /people/huff/classes/Intro/BFD.html (948 words)

	Globalism, Neo-Tribalism and False Reality
		Some years ago another hero of the globalist-Left, B.F.Skinner, in his book Beyond Freedom and Dignity, mounted a concerted attack on what he termed autonomous man. What was autonomous man? Autonomous man was an independently thinking and acting, morally responsible, individual human being.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity became a standard text in teachers training colleges.
		They can also be persuaded that the sexual mollestation of children is not paedophilia but cross-generational sex, that every child has a right to a relationship with a loving paedophile, and that the merging of semen with faeces in an anus has equal legitimacy to its deposition in a vagina.
	www.tysknews.com /Depts/New_World_Order/globalism.htm (2029 words)

	B. F. Skinner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Walden Two describes a visit to an imaginary utopian commune in the 1940s United States, where the productivity and happiness of the citizens is far in advance of that in the outside world due to their practice of scientific social planning and the use of operant conditioning in the raising of children.
		Dignity is the practice of giving individuals credit for their actions.
		The environment and genetics of the advocates of freedom and dignity make them fight the reality of their activity being grounded in determinism.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/B.-F.-Skinner.htm (1640 words)

	Skinner
		In this chapter of Beyond Freedom and Dignity, Skinner says that our common view of attributing human behavior to our inner intentions, purposes, aims, and goals is a pre-scientific (unscientific?) way of determining the cause of interactions in human affairs.
		It is the only hope we have, in his view, for relief from the large scale societal problems that have arisen in the purportedly autonomous man's struggle to attain freedom, dignity and value.
		This [our insistance on freedom, dignity and autonomous, albeit inconspicuous, cultural control] could be a lethal cultural mutation.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~patti/more_skinner.html (458 words)

	B F Skinner
		These behaviors have, of course, no real effect upon one's luck or upon a ball half way down an alley, just as in the present case the food would appear as often if the pigeon did nothing - or, more strictly speaking, did something else.
		Walden Two describes a visit to an imaginary utopian commune in the 1950s United States, where the productivity and happiness of the citizens is far in advance of that in the outside world due to their practice of scientific social planning and operant conditioning of children.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity advances the thesis that obsolete social concepts, like "freedom" and "dignity", are threatening the survival of the human species and, again, advocates widespread operant conditioning of human beings to ensure productive and happy citizens.
	www.crystalinks.com /skinner.html (549 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 30, No. 1 - April 1973 - BOOK REVIEW - Beyond Freedom and Dignity & The Human Agenda
		The meaning of his proposal is that we have to scrap the notion that authentic freedom is a private, individual choice of whether or not to be "good." Skinner himself makes a lot of this conceptual substrate in the discussion; it is not just my understanding of him.
		He builds on the familiar heritage of biology and democratic humanism; for Gorney there is no call to make a radical departure from what we have only very slowly come to mean by personal freedom and dignity-qualities which are individual and self-directed, not programmed into a set of predispositions.
		He holds that both virtues should be preserved; dignity requires freedom, and freedom requires the option of choosing to
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /apr1973/v30-1-bookreview1.htm (1364 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Beyond Freedom and Dignity, by B. F. Skinner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is now familiar in the teaching and publishing world to be confronted by aroused and militant scientists who wish to turn their science to the uses of social reform.
		...Now "freedom" has been a useful word, particularly in the American democratic tradition, because it involved itself in the exigencies of this struggle between the individual and society and made provision that sacrifices, if there were to be sacrifices, would not be by threat but by consent...
		...In a democracy these issues may be represented in the short run by the mythologies of "freedom," "dignity," and the myth of the autonomous personality, which suggests that one might even feel ennobled, self-affirmed, in making a sacrifice for the future...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V53I2P84-1.htm (3809 words)

	Lecture—
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity, was one of “the mostimportant happenings in 20
		What he meant by the term were all aspects of humans that are different from other animals and, at the same time, not directly observable: reason, mind, values, thought, judgment, volition, purpose, memory, independence, and self-esteem.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity - by B. Skinner
	www3.uakron.edu /schulze/610/behav_lec.htm (989 words)

	[No title]
		He says: "What is being abolished is autonomous man--the inner, the homunculus, the processing demon, the man defended by the literatures of freedom and dignity.
		His primary target in Beyond Freedom and Dignity and Dignity was C.S. Lewis' ABOLITION OF MAN. II.
		Writing books like BEYOND FREEDOM AND DIGNITY implies meaningfulness of communication and setting forth a position like behaviorism implies that differing positions are wrong.
	www.fni.com /cim/briefing/behave.txt (1336 words)

	B. F. Skinner Foundation - Book Detail
		Basing his arguments on the massive results of the experimental analysis of behavior he pioneered, Skinner rejects traditional explanations of behavior in terms of states of mind, feelings, and other mental attributes in favor of explanations to be sought in the interaction between genetic endowment and personal history.
		He argues that instead of promoting freedom and dignity as personal attributes, we should direct our attention to the physical and social environments in which people live.
		It is the environment rather than humankind itself that must be changed if the traditional goals of the struggle for freedom and dignity are to be reached.
	www.bfskinner.org /BookDetail.asp?sku=4 (220 words)

	Behaviorism [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Naturally, he admitted that this claim was far beyond his means--noting, merely, that earlier psychologists had made such claims for decades....
		This school represented a revolt against institutional practices in the study of politics and called for political analysis to be modeled upon the natural sciences.
		That is to say that only information that could be quantified and tested empirically could be regarded as 'true' and that other normative concepts such as 'libertyLiberty, or freedom, is a condition in which an individual has immunity from the arbitrary exercise of authority.
	www.wikimirror.com /Behaviorism (6543 words)

	Amazon.com: BEYOND FREEDOM & DIGNITY: Books: B.F. Skinner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity urges us to reexamine the ideals we have taken for granted and to consider the possibility of a radically behaviorist approach to human problems-one that has appeared to some incompatible with those ideals, but which envisions the building of a world in which humankind can attain its greatest possible achievements.
		To Skinner, our very concepts of Freedom and Dignity are hindrances because they are abstract ideals that cannot be measured or quantified.
		The fallacy of Skinner's argument, is that the notion of human freedom and dignity rests upon scientifically 'unprovable' or 'unverifiable' assertions.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0394425553?v=glance (2472 words)

	Determinism, Free Will, Freedom
		Determinists respond that such experiences of freedom are illusions and that introspection is an unreliable and unscientific method for understanding human behavior.
		The theory that human beings have freedom of choice or self-determination; that is, that given a situation, a person could have done other than what he did.
		Edwards responded in his Freedom of the Will that human freedom is not the power to do what one decides but rather what one desires.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/text/determin.htm (3183 words)

	AUTCOM: Behaviorism and Developmental Approaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"...(psychology) must venture beyond the conventional aims of positivist science with its ideals of reductionism, causal explanation, and prediction.
		204, Beyond Freedom and Dignity); `A person can know what it is to fight for a cause only after a long history during which he has learned to perceive and to know that state of affairs called fighting for a cause' (p.
		It is this respectful explication of the self-sufficiency and dignity of the child's mind in terms of its own logic that is now finding its way into canonical forms of the culture.
	www.autcom.org /approaches.html (3964 words)

	The Global Skinner Box \| Phillip D. Collins
		What is being abolished is autonomous man--the inner man, the homunculus, the possessing demon, the man defended by the literatures of freedom and dignity.
		However, observable behavior is not always an accurate indicator of "mental states," as is evidenced by the complex undercurrent of connotative meaning beneath the surface of behavior itself.
		Freedom and dignity, which are qualitative elements of the human condition, are eventually jettisoned because they are incompatible with the dominant criteria.
	www.conspiracyarchive.com /Commentary/Global_Skinner_Box.htm (3458 words)

	My_thoughts
		So it is with this background that I read the Valence chapter from Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity and waded through his (to me) arrogant tone to ponder the application of his theory to my own values and perceptions.
		Skinner is unhappy with our cultural focus on the "inner man" and his freedom and dignity.
		And though it may be hard to believe without personal experience, the meta ego production of inner states like forgiveness creates an all-encompassing desire to live in accordance with the difficult values that create such tension and conflict between the ego and superego.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~patti/more_my_thoughts.html (1150 words)

	The Stimulus and the Response: A Critique of B.F. Skinner and Behaviorism by Ayn Rand
		Skinner's next step is easy: political freedom, he declares, necessitates the use of "aversive reinforcers," i.e., punishment for evil behavior.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity is a normative tract, prescribing the actions men ought to take (even though they have no volition), and the motives and beliefs they ought to adopt (even though there are no such things).
		Beyond economics, there are serious psychological problems at Twin Oaks, and few members have stayed very long.
	www.sntp.net /behaviorism/ayn_rand_skinner.htm (6110 words)

	Hausarbeiten.de: Bridging Philosophy and Psychology Using the Example of Behaviourism and B.F. Skinner’s “Beyond ...
		Kommentar: The paper is a philosophical discussion of the psychological school of Behaviourism, relating the philosophical ideas of B. Skinner to early English empisicists, John Locke and David Hume.
		Nevertheless, Skinner’s book Beyond Freedom and Dignity of 1971 largely leaves out any details of experimental analysis and therefore approaches the question of ‘What is man?’ in a rather philosophical manner.
		In fact, psychological authors rarely refer to Skinner′s Beyond Freedom and Dignity because it does not directly relate to his psychological experiments.
	www.hausarbeiten.de /faecher/vorschau/28678.html (1511 words)

	B.F. Skinner...Eduhistory.com
		These behaviours have, of course, no real effect upon one's luck or upon a ball half way down an alley, just as in the present case the food would appear as often if the pigeon did nothing -- or, more strictly speaking, did something else.
		Walden Two describes a visit to an imaginary utopian commune in the 1950s United States, where the productivity and happiness of the citizens is far in advance of that in the outside world due to their practice of scientific social planning and the use of operant conditioning in the raising of children.
		Beyond Freedom and Dignity advanced the thesis that obsolete social concepts, like free will and human dignity (by which Skinner meant belief in individual autonomy) stood in the way of greater human happiness and productivity.
	www.eduhistory.com /bfskinner.html (1039 words)

	SIMON OVERALL (home page) - Hi - Below is my bio', interests, and URL's for my published material.
		The complete text, which is titled "Beyond Freedom and Dignity", is available upon request to me through email.
		I hope you can access my material and email any reponses and contributions you may have.
		"Beyond Freedom and Dignity: A Personal Testimony of Abuse by Clinical Psychology" (preview).
	www.geocities.com /spo_nz (271 words)

	PFM \| Beyond Freedom and Dignity
		What was needed to move this litigation beyond square one was for juries to move beyondâ”to borrow a phrase from B.
		The old reasonably prudent person had to be replaced by someone whom juries couldn't hold responsible for his actions.
		What matters is that we ceased believing in human freedom and dignity.
	www.pfm.org /AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=7184&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm (1285 words)

	Overview of B.F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom & Dignity: Chapter 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An overview of chapter six of B.F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity.
		Originally titled: B.F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity: Chapter 6: A Sectional Overview.
		Overview of B.F. Skinner's Beyond Freedom and Dignity: Chapter 6 [PDF: 47.2 KB]
	strivinglife.net /articles/skinnerbfd06.shtml (151 words)

	Behaviorism, B.F. Skinner, Social Control, Modern Psychology, Man as Machine, and Denial of Man's Mind and Soul
		Dignity, Skinner put forth the notion that Man had no indwelling personality, nor will, intention, self-determinism or personal responsibility, and that modern concepts of freedom and dignity have to fall away so Man could be intelligently controlled to behave as he should.
		Note: The book Beyond Freedom and Dignity was written under a grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (HIMH).
		This shows first, the relation of the government to behavioral engineering, and second, that even this massive government organization which claims to deal with "mental health" is quite comfortable dealing with theorists who blatantly deny the very existence of a mind and therefore anything "mental".
	www.sntp.net /behaviorism/skinner.htm (2312 words)

	Saint Joseph's University: Instructional Media Services
		In the interview with Harvey Wheeler, Skinner clarifies some of the terminology and many of the basic concepts that are critical to operant conditioning; touches on such social problems as the uncreative use of leisure, the threat of wasteful affluence, and the inequalities of wealth and power.
		Answers criticisms of his book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, and clarifies points raised there.
		Three patients, their families and their doctors discuss some of the hardest decisions, including how to pay for care, what constitutes humane treatment, and how to balance dying and dignity.
	www.sju.edu /ims/biblio/html/psy1.html (2334 words)

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