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Topic: Bharata Natyam

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	Encyclopedia: Bharata Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, Bharata is also a name for the country of India and natyam is the Tamil word for the art of dance-drama.
		It was brought to the stage at the beginning of the 20th century by Krishna Iyer.
		It is worth noticing that most of the contemporary Bharata Natyam dancers do not satisfy the criteria for a professional danceuse stated in the scriptures.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Bharata-Natyam (1190 words)

	Bharata Natyam - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is a devotional dance form from southern India that was brought onto the stage at the beginning of the 20th century.
		However, Bharata is the Indian name for the country of India and natyam is the Tamil word for the dance-drama art.
		Instruments for Bharata Natyam are more often found in the south than in the north, like the mridangam (drum), nagaswaram (a horn suggestive the snake charmer's horn), the flute, violin and veena (stringed instrument).
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /b/bh/bharata_natyam.html (725 words)

	Bharatanatyam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bharata could refer to either the author of the Natya Shastra or to a legendary king after whom the country of India was supposedly named Bharata and natyam is Sanskrit for the art of dance-drama.
		The development of the Bharata Natyam dance form has therefore been surrounded by controversy as some including Ashish Khokar the Indian Dance Historian have seen it as means by which many women, often High Caste Brahmin women, have appropriated certain Devadasi traditions while disassociating themselves with other aspects of traditional Devadasi culture.
		This Bharata Natyam dancer's right hand is in the Bhramara Hasta (yoga, upward offering to the Divine), the 3 joined fingers symbolizing the sacred syllable AUM.The left hand's fingers are in Alapadma Hasta, the rotating lotus of spiritual light.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bharata_Natyam (1749 words)

	Bharatha Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam, along with the other classical art forms in India, has its origins in the manuscript called the Natya Shastra which was written by Sage Bharata around 4000 B.C. It was primarily conceived out of the urge to express one's emotions and exuberance.
		Bharata Natyam, it is said, is the embodiment of music in visual form, a ceremony, and an act of devotion.
		Bharata Natyam has three distinct elements to it: Nritta (rhythmic movements of pure aesthetic value), Nritya (movements in which expression or abhinaya is emphasized), and Natya (dance with a dramatic aspect).
	www.cs.utk.edu /~siddhart/tamilnadu/CULT/kavita.html (609 words)

	The Art
		Bharatha Natyam is one of the most ancient and highly developed forms of stylized dance and is considered unique in having survived almost three thousand years in its pristine beauty and variegated splendor.
		The dominant theme, therefore, underlying a Bharatha Natyam recital to be interpreted by the dancer and understood by the spectator, is its deeper and spiritual import of the individual soul, the Atman in eternal quest for union with the ultimate reality, the Brahman.
		Cultivated for thousands of years, Bharatha Natyam speaks from the ancient past, yet with mime, movement and gesture its message is for the eternal present, an affirmation of human life, and an elevation of human spirit.
	www.coimbatore.net /lavanya/theart.html (354 words)

	Bharat Natyam dancer, bharatnatyam, Bharata Natyam from tamilnadu.
		Originally Bharat Natyam was ritual dance wherein a young women occupied the hallowed position of a temple dancer and performed to the accompaniment of a number of devotional songs while giving vivid facial expressions which conveyed the meaning of the accompanying lyrics.
		The name Bharata Natyam was given to this dance much later, when it was formally introduced on the stage for the enjoyment of connoisseurs and the general public.
		From then onwards Bharata Natyam has largely remained in the format that the Quartet had given it, though individual variations can be found in the presentations of some contemporary Bharata Natyam dancers.
	www.indiaprofile.com /religion-culture/bharatnatyam.htm (1456 words)

	Webindia123.com - Dances of India-origin of bharatanatyam
		Bharata Natyam was the dance technique evolved in the South of India in Tamil Nadu and practiced in the temples of
		The technique of Bharata Natyam consists of 64 principles of coordinated hand, foot, face and body movements which are performed to the accompaniment of dance syllables.
		Bharata Natyam stands in the forefront of all the classical dance arts now prevalent in India, owing to its religious origin and its highly developed technique.
	www.webindia123.com /dances/bharatanatyam (347 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is a dance form from southern India that was rescued from near obscurity at the beginning of the 20th century.
		However, Bharata is the Indian name for the country of India and natyam is the Tamil word for dance.
		The British rulers disapproved of the dance because when they arrived in India the only women who danced it were devadasis, politely called "temple ritual specialists," but the colonials weren't fooled; they knew that their specialty was taking care of the more corporal needs of the male worshipers.
	www.askmytutor.co.uk /b/bh/bharata_natyam.html (481 words)

	Bharatanatyam -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharatanatyam (also spelled Bharathanatyam, Bharatnatyam or Bharata Natyam) is a (Click link for more info and facts about South India) South Indian classical (A party for social dancing) dance form.
		Bharatanatyam is thought to have been created by the Bharata Muni, a (A person who adheres to Hinduism) Hindu sage, who wrote the (Click link for more info and facts about Natya Shastra) Natya Shastra, the most important ancient treatise on (Click link for more info and facts about classical Indian dance) classical Indian dance.
		She was one of first teachers to instruct a few (The force of workers available) men to perform the dance, which until then was the exclusive domain of women, while men, called Nattuvanars, had only been teaching Bharatanatyam without actually performing it.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bh/bharatanatyam.htm (1458 words)

	Bharata Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is a classical dance style of Southern India that combines artistic expression with a sense of spirituality.
		Bharata Natyam uses three aspects or modes of kinetic expression that span the range of aesthetic possibilities: Nritta, Nritya, and Natya.
		Bharata Natyam can also function as a catalyst for cohesion among cultures, using dance as a medium for exploration within and between communities.
	www.natya.com /-pages/-subpages/bharatanatyam.html (358 words)

	Bharat Bhavan - Vadya & Natya Vidyalaya - Bharata Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam dance has been handed down through the centuries by dance teachers (or gurus) called nattuwanars and the temple dancers, called Devadasis.
		Crystallized in the cast-iron mould of Bharata's technique, this art form grossly disallows new-fangled innovations or gimmicks except in repertoire and forms of presentation.
		Bharata Natyam has been immortalized in successive generations, as much by the sinuous grace of great dancers as by the nimble fingers of renowned sculptors who have demonstrated the perfection of Bharata's technique in the flowing lines of temple structures.
	www.bharatbhavankerala.org /bharata_natyam.htm (380 words)

	Dance - Sucheta Chapekar
		The study and presentation of these old compositions in Marathi languages written for Bharata Natyam made her aware of the fact that the synthesis of Bharata Natyam and Hindustani Classical Music can be useful and relevant to the present times, when Bharata Natyam is emerging as an all India style.
		She wanted the soul Bharata Natyam to take roots in the system of Hindustani Classical Music so that the offspring would have it's own identity and individuality while assimilating the important and beautiful aspects of the Carnatic dance and the Hindustani music system.
		To achieve this, the soul of Bharata Natyam needed to be redefined and a new format of Hindustani music compositions evolved to present it in a proper manner.
	www.punecitymag.com /art/dance/chaphekar.html (1752 words)

	Bharata Natyam - www.artindia.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is one of the oldest dance forms of India.
		The revival of Bharata Natyam by pioneers such as E Krishna Iyer and Rukmini Devi Arundale brought the dance out of the temple precincts and onto the proscenium stage though it retained its essentially devotional character.
		Today Bharata Natyam is one of the most popular and widely performed dance styles and is practiced by male and female dancers all over India.
	www.artindia.net /bharata.html (306 words)

	Article: Bharata Natyam
		When India's Bharata Natyam revival and reform movements gained momentum in the 1920s and 30s, dialectical tensions arose between the separate camps, their ideologies, and their activities; for the "perverted" dance of the devadasi was reconstructed as a nationalist emblem while the devadasi, herself, was legislatively barred from her religious profession.
		For a woman may progress through stages of Bharata Natyam; and in a sublime, performative moment -- a moment that has been achieved by "gendered" agency -- she may rise to the level of the superior being.
		As Bharata Natyam was codified according to ancient texts, the "new" dance became the definer of the "old" or ancient form of sadir; meanwhile, the current form of sadir was claimed to be a "faded, distorted remnant of some ancient classical dance" and denied its place as a dance in its own right.
	www.rtjournal.org /vol_3/no_2/stiehl.html (3415 words)

	Bharata Natyam Dancing at Sarla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One of the most ancient forms of classical Indian dances, the Bharata Natyam is a discipline that takes years to learn and perfect.
		Bharata Natyam was banned in India during the Victorian period of English colonization, as it was considered "too explicate" and "suggestive".
		Her body positions communicate the emotions of Shiva, a god that is represented in the form of the elephant, the animal of wisdom.
	www.milanostyle.com /016/bharatanatyam.htm (680 words)

	Seven steps to undestanding Bharata Natyam - Introduction to Bharata Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam, which originates from the state of Tamil Nadu in South India, is one of the most popular dance styles in India.
		This style is a direct descendant of devotional dances performed in the temples of South India from the tenth century to the middle of this century.
		Besides the school of Bharata Natyam associated with the state of Tamil Nadu, there is a Mysore school of Bharata Natyam which retains the traditions of temples and courts of the ancient Mysore state of Karnataka state.
	www.kanakasabha.com /sapta/bnatyam.htm (958 words)

	Bharata-Natyam
		Bharata together with groups of the Gandharavas and Apsaras performed natya, nrtta and nrtya before Siva.
		Balasaraswati believed Bharata Natyam is based on bhakti and that "it is justified in being called a yoga because it is a spiritual discipline perfecting the mind to thought-free serenity".
		Bharata Natyam is an attempt to embody the divine beauty, charm, rhythms and symbols that exist in heaven.
	in.geocities.com /medhahari/bharata-natyam/bharata-natyam.html (3491 words)

	Dance Styles of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is the subtle and sophisticated dance art of Tamil Nadu.
		Unlike Bharata Natyam (another dance form) which evolved from the Nattuva Mela School of dance, Kuchipudi originated from the Natya Mela School of dance and it was performed on special festive occasions.
		Although Kuchipudi was pushed to the backseat with the advent of motion pictures in the 1930s, fortunately, the renaissance of the glory of Kuchipudi was possible with the dedicated and untiring efforts of the patrons of the arts.
	www.culturalcentreofindia.com /DanceStyles.html (2469 words)

	Hinduism Today \| Jan 1983
		Bharata Natyam is the most exquisite dance form of India.
		The presence, and especially the exquisite dance recitals, of these artists have kindled a new interest in Bharata Natyam in Sri Lanka, not only among the older generation of artists and connoisseurs, but among the younger as well.
		Meenakshi Devi, in Nov. 1978 Yoga Life, wrote, "The Bharata Natyam is more than an art form, it is a powerful vibration which literally draws receptive souls into its own peculiar vortex of energy, lifting them higher and higher in consciousness.
	www.hinduism-today.com /archives/1983/01/1983-01-09.shtml (800 words)

	ARTA Theatre/Bharata Natyam
		The troup of divine Apsaras was then headed by Bharata, a master of theatrical skill and grand possessor of its secrets; and it happened one day that Urvasi, one of the divine actresses, abandonned the kingdom to elope with the man she'd fallen in love with, King Pururavas.
		As it was, at the very same time, Bharata's own sons had been bannished from the celestial kingdom for having mocked the sages, showing their corruption and taste for license.
		She is a well known member of the arts community in the capital city of India and is an active participant in seminars, workshops and discussions in the cultural and academic world.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /arta/bharata01_2a.htm (955 words)

	Articles - Bharata Natyam in Baroda by Sapna Rangaswamy
		Bharata Natyam, the most popular dance form of South India has received universal appreciation as one of the subtlest expressions of Indian culture.
		Vinodbhai who follows the Kalakshetra dance style, says that Bharata Natyam has crossed the borders of Tamilnadu and is now a national dance form.
		Bharata Natyam is one of the subjects offered.
	www.narthaki.com /info/articles/article14.html (1079 words)

	People Like Me Viewer's Guide: Dance Style Locator : Indian Dance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tamilnadu is considered the homeland of Bharata natyam, though it is danced by women and men from all over India and the world.
		Bharata natyam is not the only Indian classical dance style - almost every region has a classical style with a solo dance tradition and a drama style to enact whole stories that last all night.
		The stories, in Bharata natyam, are told through song and the songs are about the gods.
	www.worldartswest.org /plm/guide/locator/indian.shtml (1219 words)

	History of Bharata Natyam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Bharata natyam is the classical dance style of Tamil Nadu and south Karnataka, particularly around Mysore city and Bangalore.
		Some scholars claim that the dance is directly linked from the temple dances performed by devadasis, but others argue that today's bharata natyam is not that of yesteryear.
		The bharat natyam dance we know today, Bhuvarahan traces to a great Nattuvanar and two of his sons in the 17th century (1984:153).
	people.stu.ca /~parkhill/india103/dance/bnhist.htm (428 words)

	Eelavar Networks: History Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bharata Natyam is one of the classical dance forms of India and not the only one.
		Of these Kuchipudi is closest to Bharata Natyam, the main difference being the greater fluidity and flexibility and emphasis on emotions in the Kuchipudi.
		The origins of Bharata Natyam are in antiquity and the theory goes back to sage Bharatamuni who gave Natyashastra, the textual source for much of aesthetics in the Indian tradition.
	www.eelavar.com /eelam/pageview.php?ID=251&SID=1117 (788 words)

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