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Topic: Bharatiya Jana Sangh

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	Bharatiya Jana Sangh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated BJS, and often known simply as the Jan Sangh) existed from 1951 to 1980, whereupon it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata Party, one of India's largest political parties.
		In 1952 general elections to the Parliament of India, Bharatiya Jana Sangh had won three seats; Mookerjee being one of the winning candidates.
		The BJS was ideologically close to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, and derived most of its political activist base and candidates from the RSS ranks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh (494 words)

	Sangh Parivar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sangh Parivar ("family of associations") refers to the family of Hindu organisations built around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
		Sangh's work is not restricted to its outward institutional form only, but is multi-dimensional, extending beyond the boundaries of 'sanghasthan'.
		After the Godhra train-burning, members of Sangh Parivar was alleged to have taken part in the ensuing riots.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sangh_Parivar (276 words)

	Bharatiya Janata Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Its constituency is strengthened by the broad umbrella of Hindu nationalist organizations, informally known as the Sangh Parivar (League of Indian nationalist organizations), where the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh play a leading role.
		The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Indian People's Union) was founded in 1952 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee, a Bengali nationalist leader, former Union Minister and freedom-fighter.
		It was considered the political wing of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a mass public Hindu nationalist organization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party (3411 words)

	Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It was started in 1925 by Dr. K.B. Hedgewar.It has slowly gained prominence and political influence, giving rise to the creation of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, formerly the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, and considered to be the political wing of the Sangh Parivar movement) to head the central government of India.
		The Sangh organises itself hierarchically, with a single individual, the sarsanghachalak (English: supreme organisational director), directing it.The position is decided by appointment, with each sarsanghachalak appointing his successor.
		The Jana Sangh was an integral part of the Janata Party coalition that defeated Indira Gandhi's Congress in a landslide in 1977, but upon the collapse of that coalition, it emerged as the BJP in 1980.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh (928 words)

	Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Jana Sangh cadre, after all, were not known to have allotted to themselves petrol pumps or appointed themselves into Government committees and corporations as reward for their political "service".
		The RSS (and along with it the Jana Sangh) had opposed, with a certain amount of consistency, the concept of public sector and planning as it crystallised during the Nehruvian era and described by its votaries as Nehruvian Socialism.
		The Sangh had succeeded in this project insofar as the political space was concerned and the non-Marxist socialist platforms have either been marginalised (as with such Gandhian socialists as Madhu Dandavate or Surendra Mohan) or have been co-opted into the Sangh-dominated combine (as is the case with George Fernandes in the NDA).
	www.freeindiamedia.com /economy/28_oct_economy.htm (971 words)

	Bharatiya Janata party - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY [Bharatiya Janata party] [Hindi,=Indian People's party] (BJP), Indian political party that espouses Hindu nationalism.
		The BJP draws its Hindu nationalist creed from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS; National Self-Service Organization), a group founded in 1925 in opposition to Mohandas Gandhi and dedicated to the propagation of orthodox Hindu religious practices.
		The BJP's direct political antecedent is the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, a party established in 1951 that stood in staunch opposition to what it perceived as the evils of Western cultural imperialism.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/B/BhrtJ1ntpty.asp (467 words)

	Welcome To BJP M.P. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		After consultation with Shri Golwalkar Guruji of RSS Shri Mookerjee founded Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21st Oct. 1951 at Delhi and he became the first President of it.
		Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya was the leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh from 1953 to 1968.
		Finally came the red letter day in the annals of the Jana Sangh when this utterly unassuming leader of the party was raised to the high position of President in the year 1968.
	www.bjpmp.org /founder.htm (1166 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Bharatiya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Bharatiya Janata party BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY [Bharatiya Janata party] [Hindi,=Indian People's party] (BJP), Indian political party that espouses Hindu nationalism.
		Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai selected for Communal Harmony Awards, 1999.
		Bharatiya Janata Party's president demands white paper on state's economy.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Bharatiya (410 words)

	South Asian Journal
		In its 1971 Manifesto, the Bhartiya Jana Sangh (BJS), the predecessor of BJP had declared: ‘Jana Sangh fully subscribes to the ancient ideal of the non-communal state.
		Jana Sangh is resolved to carry forward this secular tradition.
		Sangh views society as a living organism, symbolically 'Virat Purusha', a single unified colossal personality marked by an organic relationship of all limbs and organs with one another and with the body as a whole.
	www.southasianmedia.net /Magazine/Journal/hindu_rashtra.htm (5214 words)

	"Bharat" and "India" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The use of the term ‘Bharatiya’ thus signified an adaptation to the political realities of official secularism, which had made explicit references to ‘Hindu’ impossible and illegitimate outside the religious field.
		This was a major victory for the Sangh parivar, which eventually contributed to their meteoric rise in the late 1980s and into the 1990s.
		While the Janata Dal was in power, having ended the excesses of the Emergency, there was severe conflict between the Jana Sangh and the leftist parties in the coalition.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~easwaran/papers/bharat.html (2611 words)

	Author Introducton - D.B.Thengadi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Shri Thengadi has been a Pracharak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) for nearly five decades and is the founder of the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (the biggest labor union in India today), the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh and the Samajik Samarasata Manch.
		As Pracharak of RSS, Shri Thengadi spent some years in Kerala, Bengal and Madhya Pradesh and was actively associated with the founding of the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) and with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh in its early phase.
		In 1985, Shri Thengadi led a Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh delegation to china on the invitation of the All- China Federation of Trade Unions.
	www.hindubooks.org /dbthengadi/author/page1.htm (408 words)

	Informat.io on Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
		It has slowly gained prominence and political influence, giving rise to the creation of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, formerly the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, and considered to be the political wing of the Sangh Parivar movement) to head the central government of India.
		The RSS was banned in India atleast twice, during the 1975 Emergency, and after the 1992 demolition.
		Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh believes that a Shakha is the most effective and time-tested instrument for the moulding of men on patriotic lines.
	www.quaest.io /?title=rashtriya-swayamsevak-sangh (937 words)

	idlebrain.com: K R Malkani Dead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Recalling his long association with Malkani in Bharatiya Jana Sangh and later in Bharatiya Janata Party, Vajpayee said that he combined his political activism with a life long commitment to research-based writing.
		Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ideologue and contemporary to top BJP leaders, including Vajpayee and Deputy Prime Minister Lal Kishenchand Advani, K R Malkani was one of the last members of the old guards of erstwhile Jan Sangh.
		Born on November 19, 1921 in Hyderabad in Pakistan's Sindh Province, Malkani dominated the ideological battleground of BJP and its predecessor Jan Sangh.
	www.idlebrain.com /discus/messages/5567/23753.html?1067281797 (557 words)

	The Hindu : Sangh Parivar prevarications
		However, the Sangh has followed the principle of having only one leader, and that is why there is surprise.
		The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951, in violation of the word that the RSS had given to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1950 that it would not engage in political activity.
		For the last three years, the Swadeshi Jagran Manch and the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh have strongly opposed the pro-globalisation policies of the NDA Government which has the BJP as its major constituent and leader.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2003/05/08/stories/2003050800131000.htm (1076 words)

	Anything but a "Hindu" party
		To summarize the ideological positions of the BJP and its former avatar, the BJS (Bharatiya Jana Sangh), from authentic sources, we will reproduce the brief professions of ideological commitment given in the Constitutions of the BJS (1973) and of the BJP (1992).
		Not that this is objectionable in itself, but from a party claiming "Bharatiya culture" as its inspiration, this wholesale borrowing from the West is not very promising.
		It was given a universalist rather than a "national" name, which in principle I consider a good thing; "Western" ideologies like liberalism and socialism have not been labelled after their country of origin either.
	koenraadelst.bharatvani.org /books/bjp/section1.html (1031 words)

	South Asian Journal
		The Jana Sangh was sponsored in 1951 as a political party by the RSS, which has always sought to pretend as a 'cultural' organisation.
		The Jana Sangh was strongly supportive of the United States and the Western bloc in the Cold War-contrary to India's long-standing (but now abandoned) policy of Non-Alignment and in sharp distinction to most other political parties.
		The vilification and the jailing of Jana Sangh leaders by Gandhi's government put them in the same bracket as her centrist and left-wing opponents and bestowed a degree of legitimacy upon them.
	www.southasianmedia.net /Magazine/Journal/critique_hindutva.htm (4869 words)

	Organiser - Content
		The general impression was that Jana Sangh has no economic thought and that it is a Ponga Pandit party.
		Our effort always used to be to invite the Jana Sangh leaders on college platforms with a view to make known their thoughts, ideology to the student community.
		This was in one of the Sangh Shiksha Varg in the 60’s, he analysed and explained the meaning of the terms Dar-ul-Harab, Dar-ul-Islam etc. in a lucid way and I still remember that he said in no uncertain terms that a political defeat is necessary to a certain element who advocated the two-nation theory.
	www.organiser.org /dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=101&page=11 (877 words)

	Will the Sangh parivar introspect?
		This is where the political work of RSS through the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, later the BJP did the churning for the Sangh.
		Yes, the Sangh family had also to pay its share of ideological cost to keep the BJP in power.
		In this sense the Sangh work is building an alternative behavioural model which may prove a national asset in this competitive world.
	news.indiainfo.com /columns/guru/041905sangh-parivar.html (1035 words)

	[No title]
		Addressing a large gathering of party workers and Sangh Veterans, the former Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee said that by realizing the objectives for which the Bharatiya Jana Sangh was founded, the Bharatiya Janata party will make India a great power and prosperous nation.
		Vijay Kumar Malhotra dwelt at length on the circumstances under which the foundation of Bharatiya Jana Sangh was laid.
		Malhotra said that the 26 years of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and the 25 years of the BJP has been a saga of immense service to the society.
	www.bjp.org /today/nov_0205/nov02_p_8.htm (487 words)

	Jana Sangh promises to make India Hindu nation
		The Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh (ABJS), the new incarnation of the Jana Sangh, Thursday vowed to make India a Hindu nation with one state and one law.
		Announcing the revival of the Jana Sangh founded by Hindu nationalist leader The BJP, which was born in 1980, is itself an offshoot of the Jana Sangh.
		The ABJS, mostly comprising of elderly leaders, is led by one of the founders of the original Jana Sangh - Balraj Madhok.
	www.24x7updates.com /FullStory-News-Jana_Sangh_promises_to_make_India_Hindu_nation-ID-23526.html (1775 words)

	Welcome to Sentinel
		New Delhi, June 22 (PTI): Founder member of Jana Sangh and former BJP vice-president, Sunder Singh Bhandari, who recently created a flutter in the Sangh Parivar by his attack on Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi and the central leadership on the post-Godhra violence, died here early this morning in sleep.
		Bhandari, who had commanded respect among the top leaders for his plain speaking, was appointed Governor of Bihar during the term of BJP-led NDA Government at the Centre and was shifted to Gujarat after some problems with the RJD government.
		Recently, he virtually threw a bombshell by accusing the Narendra Modi Government and the Central Government headed by the BJP of failure to tackle the post Godhra violence promptly and suggested that removal of Modi could have brought the situation under control.
	www.sentinelassam.com /sentinel_en/archives/jun2305/national.htm (2743 words)

	Feature Storeis of India @ whatisindia.com
		Bhandari, who died here on Wednesday as a bachelor at the age of 84 years, was one of the founder members of Bharatiya Jana Sangh and BJP.
		Subsequently he shifted to Bharatiya Jana Sangh and became its general secretary, a post he held for six years from 1951.
		He was leader of Jana Sangh in Rajya Sabha for a year from 1967, deputy leader of Janata parliamentary party from 1977 to 1980 and deputy leader of BJP parliamentary party from 1980-1982.
	www.whatisindia.com /newsletters/2005/fea/wis20050625_fea_he_was_a_low_profile.html (355 words)

	[Janak] [ACT] sacw dispatch #2. (12 Feb 00)
		This ensures that the Sangh cannot be blamed for political mismanagement, and its weaknesses cannot be exposed.
		If one is not to doubt the motives of these gentlemen, one can only say that their training in the RSS has not only immunised them to the pain and misery that the Sangh Parivar has caused, but also affected their sense of discrimination and objectivity.
		So was set up the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, which was kept under control through the network of organising secretaries who, according to its leader Balraj Madhok, were all RSS pracharaks, paid by the RSS and answerable only to it.
	insaf.net /pipermail/janak_insaf.net/2000/000076.html (3598 words)

	National Democratic Alliance
		In spite of their diverse ideological inclination, the Congress leaders compromised with Nehruvian concept of polity that was based on the Western concept of democracy and secularism and shared power without taking into consideration the social, cultural, economic and traditional aspirations of the people.
		We may recall that when BJS was founded at the instance of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the party leadership was not averse to support the then Union Home Minister, Sardar Vallabhai Patel who had strong reservations against the approach of Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru on a number of issues.
		Mr.Balraj Madhok, one of the founding members of the BJS in his book ‘Why Jana Sangh?’ maintained that "Pandit Nehru was more of an internationalist than a nationalist in his approach to political issues and more of a Russian than an Indian in his approach to economic issues".
	www.saag.org /notes/note51.html (920 words)

	Amazon.com: SANGH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Jana Sangh and Swatantra: A Profile of the Rightist Parties in India by Jhangiani Motilal A (Hardcover - 1967)
		The Jana Sangh; a biography of an Indian political party by Craig Baxter (Unknown Binding - 1969)
		RSS and Jana Sangh: A menace to the unity, integrity, secular democratic set-up and progress of our motherland (Pamphlet series) by C Rajeswara Rao (Unknown Binding - Jan 1, 1969)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=SANGH&page=1 (335 words)

	Electoral gains of the BJP and its ideological dilemma
		The Bhartiya Janata Party, the new incarnation of Bhartiya Jana Sangh, despite its pan-Indian political Ideology and political journey for almost half a century is still striving hard to achieve its cherished goal of a nation- wide ideological support base.
		Sangh Parivar viewed marginalisation of the party in this election as a failure of the political ideology of Gandhian socialism adopted by the party under the leadership of Vajpayee.
		Thus the real test before Vajpayee would be to maintain a balance between the pull and pressure from RSS which continues to be his soul and his alliance partners.
	www.saag.org /papers/paper86.html (1340 words)

	The Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Though Vajpayee belongs to the first batch of pracharaks of the Sangh parivar, the current chief does not have much love for a person who has been the most acceptable political face of the parivar.
		In the last couple of weeks he has tried to distinguish between the Sangh, which has been his bulwark for over six decades, and its carping secretary-general.
		By reaffirming his links with the Sangh and declaring his pride as a swayamsevak, Vajpayee was sending a message that he cannot be disenfranchised even by its current head, even though he was ‘lent’ by the Sangh to Shyama Prasad Mukherjee to found the Bharatiya Jana Sangh soon after Independence.
	www.the-week.com /25may15/lastword_home.htm (715 words)

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