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	Keeping Kumaoni Bhotiya culture alive - www.phayul.com
		Bhotiya women too would sometimes accompany their men to Tibet to undertake the pilgrimage to the sacred Mount Kailash, abode of Lord Shiva and to Mansarover.
		The Bhotiyas also have a language of their own which is of Tibetan origin but the influence of Sanskrit on their language is remarkable, he points out.
		A Bhotiya from Munsyari, Nain Singh, a 33-year-old Tibetan-speaking headmaster of a school in Milan, was recruited by the East India Company in 1863 to lead the team for the greatest projects of nineteenth century-the great trigonometric survey of India.
	www.phayul.com /news/tools/print.aspx?id=12733&t=0 (676 words)

	Cultural Survival
		The Jads and Merchas settled in the Garhwal region, and Bhotiyas in Kumaon.
		The Bhotiyas of Kumaon are the largest pastoral group who have adopted agriculture, pastoralism, and minor trade in medicinal plants and woolen products on their high altitude summer settlements.
		The dependence of Bhotiyas on livestock for their sustenance and the migration of these tribal people twice a year between their summer settlement on the high altitudes and winter settlement in the valleys has compelled them to develop management strategies well-adapted to their fragile resource base.
	www.cs.org /publications/CSQ/csq-article.cfm?id=1447 (1810 words)

	IK Monitor Articles (8-2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The present article, which is based on years of research among three subcommunities of the Bhotiyas, documents their knowledge of medicinal plants and wild edibles, and the specific manner in which they are used.
		The Bhotiyas who are the subject of the present article consist of three small subcommunities: the Tolchha, the Marchha, and the Jadhs.
		Districts of Uttar Pradesh, indicating the districts inhabited by the Bhotiya tribal subcommunities.
	www.nuffic.nl /ciran/ikdm/8-2/maikhuri.html (2615 words)

	Welcome to Bodoland - Language
		It is said that the soldiers of the Bhotiya King were defeated in the battle.
		Legend goes that a trench was dug out near the bank of the Sankosh river and extending upto the bank of Raidak River in North Bengal in the foolhills of the Bhutan Mountain.
		The historical ballads or ballads of hero worship extant among the Bodos are fragmentary in character, but with their mnemonic devices and melody recount the heroic battle the Bodo heroes fought against the Bhotiyas.
	www.bodoland.org /language4.htm (2322 words)

	MRD Abstracts of vol. 20 no. 3
		The Bhotiya community, whose livelihood is highly dependent on local natural resources, inhabits the buffer zone of NDBR.
		Bhotiya practice seasonal and altitudinal migration and stay inside the buffer zone of NDBR for only 6 months (May to October).
		A survey was conducted in 1996 in 5 villages in Pithoragarh District of the buffer zone, where Bhotiya cultivate medicinal plants on their agriculture fields.
	www.mrd-journal.org /volumes/20_3.htm (1898 words)

	Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Himalayas - Family Care Foundation humanitarian project
		The local people, an Indo-Tibetan ethnic group referred to as the Bhotiya, lost their prime alpine pastures, source of medicinal herbs, and the tourist trade in one fell swoop.
		The conservation authorities of the day failed to recognize that the Bhotiya had been an inseparable part of the landscape, and rather than recognizing them as Nanda Devi's guardians, instituted a draconian ban on access to the park's core zone.
		Ironically, it was the very same communities that gave birth to the renowned Chipko movement, when women of Reni village saved their forests in a much-celebrated action that spread far and wide to other parts of the Uttarakhand Himalayas.
	www.familycare.org /network/i15.htm (414 words)

	Traditional Treatments of Some Incurable Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The pigment may be derived from the root, bark, flower, stem, leaf, fruit, etc of the plant.
		Kala describes eight plants of the Himalayan region, which are used in traditional practice of dyeing by the Bhotiya tribe.
		Kala, C. Indigenous knowledge of Bhotiya tribal community on wool dyeing and its present status in the Garhwal Himalaya, India.
	www.indianscience.org /essays/t_es_himalayan_dyes_detergent.shtml (1133 words)

	Mountain Voices: oral testimonies from Garhwal and Kumaon, India: local themes: livestock
		And at least one mentions a decrease in goats because children are now going to school instead of looking after them.
		Transhumant traders such as the Bhotiya also have fewer goats - the animals were a crucial part of the trek to Tibet and back, transporting their goods, but since India's conflict with China trade with Tibet has ceased.
		There is talk of the huts in the higher pastures where cattle are taken; the practice continues today.
	www.mountainvoices.org /I_th_Livestock.asp (770 words)

	The Appalachian Online - Trekking in the Himalayas open to students
		Caplins has already returned to the same region in India a second time to research the role of women in the promotion of eco-tourism in the NDBR region.
		On the first trip, Caplins said students will follow the transhumance, or semi-nomadic lives, of the Bhotiya, the mountain people living in the NDBR and surrounding area.
		Students will see the Bhotiya travel from their winter homes to the summer grazing grounds with their flock of goats and sheep.
	theapp.appstate.edu /content/view/1803/43 (566 words)

	Upper Mustang in Kathmandu - Nepali Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		ThangLa was put up two weeks ago (27 July) as a one-off staging at the Royal Nepal Academy by Pokhara’s Pratibimba theatre group, directed by Anup Baral.
		It was a powerful presentation of the script by well-known playright Sarubhakta, and the story is on the subject of polyandry in Bhotiya society.
		The central character if ThangLa (The Himalayan Deity) is Lobsang Dolma, the woman of the house and spouse— theoretically—of Gyalpo and his two brothers, Tashi and Pemba.
	www.nepalitimes.com /issue/106/Arts/5751 (247 words)

	Nanda Devi :: About this Web Site
		This web site aims to acquaint you with the Bhotiya people of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and their epic struggle for cultural and ecological survival in the lap of the High Himalayas.
		Recent moves by the newly created state government of Uttarakhand to open the park to limited ecotourism has prompted the Bhotiya to initiate a campaign to safeguard their future.
		In doing so, they aim to rectify a historic injustice while reestablishing the traditional affinity the people have always held for their land.
	nandadevi.prayaga.org /about.html (431 words)

	Nepal : In Depth : The People \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Hindu castes are Indo-Aryan, while the border peoples--Sherpas, Bhotiyas, and Tamangs--are purely Tibeto-Burman.
		Sherpas and Bhotiyas are primarily shepherds and farmers who survive in a harsh environment where a single crop of potatoes or barley is grown by irrigating rocky fields.
		The term "Bhotiya" means "people of Tibet" and is used to describe both the native ethnic groups and more recent Tibetan immigrants.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/nepal/0232020416.html (821 words)

	Mountain Voices: INDIA: Testimony: Yagjung
		She is a Jaad, who are part of the Bhotiya community.
		Like many Bhotiya, she is a skilled weaver.
		Used to trade with Tibetans and Bhotiya, buying wool and salt and selling crops.
	www.mountainvoices.org /Summary.asp?id=33 (668 words)

	[India-ej] Fw: IK Enewsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Indigenous Knowledge (IK) has been used for centuries by indigenous and local communities and has been the mainstay of their existence especially in the key sectors of food and health.
		For more information about GF, send an email to nanditha at blr.vsnl.net.in --------------------------------------------------------- IK Tit bits --------------------------------------------------------- IK of Bhotiya tribe in Central Himalayas To cure wound, cuts and boils Tolchcha, a sub community of Bhotiya tribe in Central Himalayas use Saussurea obvellata.
		Jadh is a third sub community of the Bhotiya tribe.
	puggy.symonds.net /pipermail/india-ej/2005-January/001491.html (3294 words)

	Rung Mung (People of Byans, Chaudas and Darma)
		Descriptive grammar of Byansi, a Bhotiya language: G.
		Madhya Himalaya ki Bhotiya janajati: Johara ke Sauka = Bhotiya tribe of central Himalayas: Esa.
		Living on the Move : Bhotiyas of the Kumaon Himalaya (Livelihood and Environment):Vineeta Hoon
	www.rungmung.net /links/links.php (95 words)

	Appalachian State University News
		Students are collecting used outdoor dear to assist a clan of Indian people establishing their local tourism identity.
		Located in the High Himalaya of India, the mountain province of Garhwal is home to the Bhotiya people, who once grazed flocks in the high alpine meadows and traded across the Tibetan frontier.
		With the closure of the Tibetan border and creation of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, some Bhotiya communities have turned to tourism as a means of livelihood.
	www.news.appstate.edu /releases/120705Tourism.html (255 words)

	HIMAL SOUTHASIAN \| October 2006
		He emphasised to his followers that the main cause of Limbu backwardness and impoverishment was the people’s ignorance, and that this could be cured only by education (see box).
		In due time, the lamas of Sikkim were able to extend their monastic centres into the northern areas of that part of Limbuwan that now lies in Nepal.
		Sirijanga’s movement came to represent a significant threat in particular to the Sikkimi Bhotiya rulers and their spiritual gurus.
	www.himalmag.com /2006/october/essay.htm (4354 words)

	Día Internacional de las Montañas - Estudios de caso
		The Bhotiya, a tribal community, whose livelihood is highly dependent on local natural resources, cultivates medicinal plants on their agriculture fields in the buffer zone of the Biosphere Reserve.
		A survey revealed greater economic return of medicinal plant cultivation compared to traditional cash crops.
		Encouragement of medicinal plant cultivation at high altitudes in the Himalayas would therefore help to generate better monetary returns as well as conserve these herbs in the wild and preserve traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge among local people.
	www.fao.org /mnts/intl_mountain_case_es.asp (1565 words)

	Nepal - General Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Various ethnic groups, including the Bhotiya (which include the Sherpa), Khas, Kirati, Magar, Newari, Tharu, Tamong and Tibetans
		There are few direct flights to Nepal, which means most travellers from Europe, North America and Australia have to change aircraft and/or airline en route.
		There are good buys amongst the bewildering and dazzling array.
	www.specializednepal.com /geninfo.html (1087 words)

	Country Profile of Nepal - Travel the Road
		It's cheap to get around Nepal, so journeying through this mesmerizing land is well worth it.
		People: Various ethnic groups, including the Bhotiya (which include the Sherpa), Khas, Kirati, Magar, Newari, Tharu, Tamong and Tibetans
		If you don't mind somewhat shoddy housing and eating a strictly Nepalese diet, you can easily live in Nepal on less than US$10 a day.
	www.traveltheroad.com /missions/countries/nepal.php (404 words)

	Races in India
		Knowledge of the exact affinities of the tribal with Australian or African Negrito populations would be interesting, but investigations have not been able to uncover direct genetic affinities except for known or suspected cases of recent contact.
		The tribes in bengal have sometimes been divided into a australasiatic like sÃotAla, ÕrAo, muNDA, etc, Chinese-mongoloid like gAro, kAchAD.i, hadi, etc., the Tibetan-mogoloid like bhoTiYA, guruM, lepcA, neoYAr, and the Arakan-burmese like cAk_mA, kuki.
		The castes can roughly be broken down into the upper castes, the middle castes, and the lower castes based on their social status.
	members.tripod.com /~tanmoy/bengal/races.html (2892 words)

	Crossing Chorhoti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		in such numbers?' 1 asked my Bhotiya friend.
		Ran Singh came out with a Bhotiya proverb:
		The upper reaches of the pass were straight,
	www.subcontinent.com /misc/daruwalla/poem12.html (199 words)

	Uttaranchal, Indian State, tourism industry, economy of Uttaranchal, Himalayan ranges, Raj era hill-stations at ...
		Few segments of Kumaoni people also call themselves as Pahari.
		Other ethnic communities in the region include Nepalis who have arrived over the past century, the Jadh, Marcha and Shauka on the Indo-Tibetan frontier, collectively known as the Bhotiya, and nomadic cattle herders known as Gujjar in the southern Terai region.
		The Tharu and Buksha can also be found in the hilly.
	www.visionri.com /uttaranchal.asp (500 words)

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