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Topic: Biafo Glacier

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	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Biafo Glacier, one of the largest of the Karakoram glaciers, drains south-eastwards from the central Karakoram crest.
		Biafo Glacier differs from most of the other Karakoram glaciers in being nourished mainly by direct snowfall rather than by avalanching; this has the advantage of allowing extensive investigation of accumulation over a broad range of altitude.
		Snow-accumulation studies in the Biafo Glacier basin have indicated that annual accumulation varies from 0.9 to 1.9 m of water equivalent between 4650 and 5450 m a.s.l.
	www.ccrc.sr.unh.edu /abstracts/Hewitt1.html (432 words)

	Panoramic Pakistan: Trekking: Biafo & Hispar Glacier
		Again we start with crevassed edges to climb on the glacier and make a traverse to cross the glacier and exit the glacier at a lovely campsite surrounded by flowers, along a shallow stream of clear water, called as Shifang.
		It is an easy walk along the Biafo Glacier which brings us to another superb campsite, where we enjoy a half-Day rest, which is necessary to climb gradually and for acclimatization.
		En route, we have to cross the tail of Khannibasa glacier to arrive at the campsite.
	panoramic.com.pk /eng/06.htm (1180 words)

	Bibilography: Glacier Studies in the Karakoram
		Bhatti, A.K. (1936) Glaciers and the Indus Basin.
		Longstaff, T.G. (1910) Glacier exploration in the Eastern Karakoram.
		Workman, F.B. (1910) The tongue of the Hasanabad Glacier in 1908.
	nsidc.org /pubs/gd/29/2.4.html (4119 words)

	Pakistan Water Gateway - Articles - An environmental disaster called Manchar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Breeding Glaciers in Ancient Times As the stark reality of unpredictable water flow is dawning on the mountain communities of Pakistan, the age-old tradition of breeding glaciers is being revived with a fervor.
		The gender of the glacier was determined by taking into consideration factors such as the characteristics of the people living in the nearby areas, where male glaciers were thought to produce a higher yield and fertility as well as a strong male population.
		Although naturally formed, large glaciers are a gift from God and there might be no way we could recreate the centuries old processes of gradual accumulation, breeding glaciers could be more than a symbolic option; it will generate interest and public awareness for the sustainable use of rapidly vanishing water dripping from the mountains.
	waterinfo.net.pk /mn.htm (1706 words)

	Snow Lake/Biafo — Hispar Glacier Trek
		The trek to Snow Lake along the Biafo Glacier and over Hispar La, down to the Nagar region of the Pakistani Karakorams was, I’d been told, one of the most beautiful in the world.
		The town of Askole is nestled in a valley surrounded by cliffs and peaks, and is a verdant green due the locals’ agricultural activities, in contrast to the grey and brown of the nearby cliffs.
		We crossed a side glacier en route, which was quite straightforward, but the going got trickier and sometimes even life threatening as we ended up having to cut steps into long stretches of eroded dirt cliffs above the glacier, where any indication of a trail had been thoroughly wiped out by erosion.
	www.everestnews.com /stories004sec4002/snowlaketrek.htm (2350 words)

	Glaciers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Large tributary glaciers include a glacier from the southwestern slopes of the Gasherbrum peak and a tributary glacier from the northwestern slope of the Masherbrum peak, both in the Karakoram, are fed into Baltoro stretching its length about 62 kms.This glacier is one of the sources of Shigar River, a tributary of the River Indus.
		The Biafo glacier has a length of about 60 km and is located on the south-facing slopes of the Karakoram range in the Baltistan and Ladakh.
		The Hispar glacier is the third largest glacier in the Himalayan region situated on the southern slopes of the Karakoram range in the Baltistan area of Ladakh.
	www.kado.net.pk /piyarali/karakoramhunza/glaciers.html (1081 words)

	Adventures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Askole to the Biafo Glacier is an easy two to three hours across waste land, with a rest stop beside a stream just before the green grass of Kiser's Polo Ground.
		From the glacier are spectacular views across to the white, vertically striated pyramid of Paiyu Peak (6,600 metres) and north up the glimmering Trango Glacier to the jagged granite needles and blocks of Trango Towers, one of which, Nameless Tower, soars to 6,239 metres.
		In the southeast, the shining, glaciated Baltoro Kangri, or Golden Throne, is a giant armchair soaring to 7,312 metres at the and of Abruzi Glacier.
	www.uran.donetsk.ua /~masters/2002/foreign/aswad/tourism.htm (3537 words)

	Himalayan Glacier - Glaciers of Himalayas - Himalayas Famous Glaciers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Baltoro glacier is located in Jammu and Kashmir in an area called Baltistan on the southern slopes of the central Karakoram Range.
		Biafo glacier is located in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir in an area called Baltistan on the south slopes of the Karakoram Range.
		The central part of the glacier is a vast snowfield while its sides contain debris eroded by the huge body of moving ice.
	www.himalaya2000.com /himalayan-facts/himalayan-glaciers.html (566 words)

	Karakorum 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Access to this vast mountain region is simplified by the existence of a huge glacial corridor running from the northwest to the southeast of the range.
		Turning south we descend the wide ice highway of the Biafo glacier to the sandy campsite at Nakpogoro.
		After passing the Baintha glacier which leads to the south face of the Ogre we leave the glacier and cross into the ablation valley.
	www.highadventure.org.uk /karakoram.html (2482 words)

	Himalayan Glaciers, Himalayan Tours, Glaciers in Jammu Kashmir, Uttaranchal and Himachal
		The Baltoro glacier is situated on the southern slopes of the central Karakoram Range in the Baltistan area of Jammu and Kashmir.
		Doonagiri glacier is one of the important glaciers of Dhauli Ganga system of glaciers where more than 500 glaciers, of different shapes and sizes lie in the deep and narrow valleys.
		Doonagiri glacier is 5.5-km long, extending between an elevation from it head 5,150m to the snout 4,240m, which is the terminal point of the glacier.
	himalayas.indiantravelportal.com /himalayan-glaciers.html (783 words)

	Biafo and Hispar Glaciers 21 days - itinerary
		We enter into an incredible wilderness of ice and rocks and trek along the Biafo glacier by an easy route.
		The Biafo glacier is a huge river of ice, 63 Km long, which descends from the central Karakoram peaks and flows east, into the Braldu valley.
		We continue onto the crevassed glacier to reach the "snowy lake", marking out the intersection of Biafo and Hispar glacier.
	www.globe-trekker.com /biafo-hispar-itinerary.htm (478 words)

	Adventure Guide, The Member of Alpine Club Pakistan. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The views improve as we move along the glacier, and in particular the view of the beautiful spire of the Layla peak is particularly impressive.
		Continuing down the Baltoro Glacier we trek across increasingly rough piles of glacial moraine where in places the path is quite indistinct.
		We regain the glacier for a short distance in order to cross the snout, and so reach the green grass campsite at Paiju, with the first trees we have seen since leaving Saitcho in the Hushe Valley.
	www.adventureguide.com.pk /baltoro.html (1775 words)

	Great Walks of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We cross the snout of the Biafo Glacier and then head north to follow a trail in the ablation valley by the side of the glacier.
		From Namla we return to the Biafo Glacier and follow a series of moraine ridges which run along the centre of the glacier.
		Below the snowline the glacier is rocky and moraine-strewn once more and we follow this for 2 or 3 hours to reach our campsite (4395m) situated in an ablation valley by the Khani Basa glacier.
	www.greatwalks.net /itineraries/53_grand_karakoram.html (3144 words)

	Adventure and Travel operators in Pakistan Jasmine Tours
		It is a spectacular junction of Godwin Austin Glacier, Abruzzi Glacier and Baltoro Glacier.
		Biafo Glacier - a huge river of ice 63 Km long which descends from the central peaks of the Karakoram and flows East into the Braldu Valley at a point about 10 Kms east of Askole.
		Below the Ultar Glacier, this 400 year old sentinel is said to be made by a princess who married to a reigning MIR and brought with her from Baltistan, a few masons, carpenters and craftsmen to build Baltit Fort as part of her Dowry.
	www.jasminetours.com /3in1trek.html (3307 words)

	Recent Glacier Surges in the Karakoram Himalaya, South Central Asia
		In regions with many surging glaciers, of which the Karakoram Himalaya is one, surges complicate the normally rather sensitive relations between glaciers and climate.
		Tributary glaciers were sheared off and, in turn, heavily crevassed as they collapsed toward the postsurge level of the main Chiring.
		The discovery that Chiring is a surging glacier gives a new slant to an old debate about the role of glacier fluctuations in historic closings of this and other glacier passes to Inner Asia [summarized by Shipton, 1938].
	www.agu.org /eos_elec/97106e.html (3544 words)

	Siachin Glacier, Glaciers in Tibet, Adventure Tourism in Jammu Kashmir, Tourism in Jammu Kashmirm, North India Travel
		The trunk glacier and its tributaries are in the form of a vast ice field, particularly during the winter season when there is continuous snowfall for several weeks at a stretch.
		The Siachen glacier lies in a vast trough more than 2-km wide and the sides of the glacier are strewn with rocks and boulders.
		Lateral moraines occur at the confluence of larger tributary glaciers and the trunk glacier.
	shubhyatra.com /jammu-kashmir/siachen-glacier.html (388 words)

	Snow Lake Biafo Hispar Glacier Trek
		We follow the Hispar Glacier past massive mountains such as Kanjut Sar (7760 m.) and Disteghil Sar (7885 m.) reaching the end of the glacier in four to five days.
		From Mongo we get on to the white Biafo Glacier where the walking is easier and then we diagonally walk across the Biafo to reach its other side near Biantha.
		We are in the dramatic and awesome expanse of the Biafo with its jagged pinnacles.
	www.concordiaexpeditions.com /snowlake_trip.htm (1791 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		The Karakoram range is characteristically wild and jagged, with towering pinnacles of rock hung with shining ice-covered walls; this is the most glaciated region on earth outside the polar regions, and one is constantly reminded of this while walking up the Baltoro glacier.
		The Biafo Glacier is a huge river of ice 63 Km long which descends from the central peaks of the Karakoram and flows East into the Braldu Valley at a point about 10 Kms east of Askole.
		After 2 hours we will reach Vigne glacier, it is also possible to walk on the Vigne glacier which is fairly easy then walking on the stony bath on the right side of the glacier but it depend on the snow condition.
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=27&tid=34623867&numresponses=1&start=0 (992 words)

	Annals of Glaciology 14 1990
		The Biafo, Khel Khod and Sentik glaciers are characterized by precipitation sources from both the west and the south.
		The northward- facing Sentik Glacier is one of several glaciers emanating from the Nun Kun Plateau (325 km2).
		In interpreting the data, more weight is given to the gtaciochemical data recovered from the Biafo and Sentik glaciers since the records from these two regions extend for more than one year and were recovered from areas that experienced minimal postdepositional alteration, and since sodium, chloride and nitrate concentrations were determined for both studies.
	www.ccrc.sr.unh.edu /~cpw/Asian/asian.html (2811 words)

	Tour operators Karakoram Kalash Hindu Kush safari Trekking Gasherbrum Hunza hotels in Islamabad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		ISLAMABAD TO In 1968 a trekking route was established that connects the Baltoro Glacier to the Hushe Valley over a pass called the Ghondogoro La (5600 m,) Since then the challenging pass has attracted the trackers and climbers alike.
		This route enables you to avoid retracing your step down the Baltoro Glacier and the pass is one of the most overwhelming mountain panoramas any where in the world, with four of the five 80000 m.
		The heavily crevassed East Khurdopin Glacier leads to the difficult Khurdopin Pass and snow lake.
	www.hunza.com.pk /karakorum.html (1188 words)

	Adventure
		The interconnected Biafo and Hispar glaciers form the longest glacial system in the world outside the polar area and combined length is about 116 kilometres.
		While descending to the Hisper Glacier the trek follows the beautiful Pasturelands of the another side.
		Trek to the Yutmaru Glacier, traverse Khania Basa Glacier, with beautiful view of Kanjut Sar 7760m and camp near Yutmaru Glacier in a flate field at 4350m.
	s89565829.onlinehome.us /np/adventure-6.htm (409 words)

	Karakoram Treks & Tours
		Prior to the glacier are some spectacularly weathered rocks where some shelter can be found; rest here prior to crossing the snout of the Biafo glacier.
		This stream is fed from a small glacier, and later in the day the stream will be much deeper due to the melt water.
		Due to the amount of traffic going up the glacier the path is surprisingly good; care has obviously to be shown when walking in terrain such as this.
	www.karakurum.com.pk /french/k2_gondogora.htm (1864 words)

	K2 Expedition Pakistan (Expedition ... K-2 8000m)
		In 1861 Captain Godwin Austen explored and mapped the great glacier region comprising the Chogo-Lungma, Kero-Lungma, Biafo, Panmah and Baltoro.
		He was the first to traverse most of these glaciers to discover the approaches to K-2 and to sketch it topography.
		Its giant pyramid peak towers in isolation, 12,000 feet above the wide Concordia glacial field at the head of the Baltoro Glacier.
	www.htt.com.pk /k2_8000m.html (324 words)

	Glaciers, Pak Imager
		Baltoro glacier is the second largest glacier in Pakistan deascending from Concordia to Paiju, 68 Kilometers long, and it produces the most dangerous river in Baltistan, Braldu river.
		Barpu glacier is present between the longest ice chain outside poles, the Biafo-Hispar glaciers.
		Passu glacier is one of the most beautifull scene on KKH after Rakaposhi.
	www.angelfire.com /al/badela/PakImager/Glaciers (154 words)

	Trekking and Mountaineering in Pakistan, essays, photos and resources--Karakorams.com
		The Biafo Hisper traversal is by far one of the most rewarding glacial traverses in the Karakorams.
		Outside the polar regions, this glacier system is the longest covering over 140 kilometers of Glacier.
		The trek starts from Askole and leads via Snowlake, a 30 square kilometer glacial basin in the heart of the Karakorams, a wonder in its own and ends in Nagar valley.
	www.karakorams.com /Treks/biafo-hisper.htm (203 words)

	Community Action Treks - Biafo Glacier and Hispar La Trek
		From the lower reaches of the Biafo Valley, where friendly Balti herdsmen graze their livestock in the green side valleys, we progress slowly up the glacier, whose crevasses make use of a rope essential for much of the time.
		Approximately two thirds of the trek is on glacier and for safety, the group will be roped as a team for long stretches.
		The 65km long Biafo Glacier leads to Hispar Pass and the main Karakoram divide.
	www.catreks.com /treks/pakistan/biafo.html (559 words)

	K2 base camp and Gondogoro La 24 days - itinerary
		Concordia is a fantastic point of view over the immense Baltoro glacier, and a huge junction of several glaciers.
		Within a short radius of 15 Km, stand 41 peaks over 6500 m and 4 of the giants rising over 8000 m: Hidden Peak (8068 m), Gasherbrum II (8035 m), Broad Peak (8051 m), and the colossal K 2 pyramid (8611 m).
		We establish our campsite in a fine meadow, set in between two lakes, reflecting the glacier cascading down from the Masherbrum.
	www.globe-trekker.com /K2-Gondogoro-itinerary.htm (474 words)

	Karakurum Treks & Tours
		Trekking under the shadow of the Tah Rutum and Baluchistan groups of mountains, we descend to the junction with Khani Basha Glacier and camp for the night at an altitude of 15,250 ft. A relatively short day 4-5 hours.
		HARGTUM TO Traversing the Pumari Chush glacier we camp at Turman.
		We have now left the Hispar glacier behind the relief of seeing blossoming fruit orchard and multi terraced fields will be quite a shock to the system.
	www.karakurum.com.pk /french/biafo.htm (1116 words)

	Baltoro Glacier, Glaciers in Jammu Kashmir, Mountain Biking Tours to Jammu Kashmir, Traveling in Jammu Kashmir
		This glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River.
		These include a glacier from the southwestern slopes of the Gasherbrum peak and a tributary glacier from the northwestern slope of the Masherbrum peak, both in the Karakoram.
		The trough of this glacier is very wide and its central part is a vast snowfield.
	shubhyatra.com /jammu-kashmir/baltoro-glacier.html (225 words)

	Biafo Glacier, Glaciers in Ladakh, Glaciers in Jammu Kashmir, Travelling in Ladakh, Ladakh Tours, Adventure Tourism in ...
		The Biafo glacier is located on the south-facing slopes of the Karakoram Range in the Baltistan area of Ladakh.
		The main stream originating from this glacier flows into the Shigar River, which in turn is a tributary of the Indus River.
		Small valley glaciers feed the main glacier at various points.
	www.shubhyatra.com /jammu-kashmir/biafo-glacier.html (141 words)

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