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	The Ahiara Declaration: The principles of the Biafran Revolution
		We do not claim that the Biafran revolution is the first attempt in history by the Negro to assert his identity, to claim his right and proper place as a human being on a basic of equality with the white and yellow races.
		Biafrans are even more united by the desire to create a new and better order of society which will satisfy their needs and aspirations.
		All Biafrans who are going to play a role in the promotion of the revolution, especially those who are going to operate the institutions of the new society, must first of all expose themselves to the ideology of the revolution.
	kwenu.com /biafra/ahiara_declaration.htm (9293 words)

	Case Study
		Mounting ethnic tension between these groups caused the Biafrans - the Ibos and other minority ethnic groups - in the south-eastern region to fight for their independence from the federation only 6 years after Nigeria gained its independence from British rule.
		Biafrans retaliated by taking control of strategic points in the mid-western region.
		U.S. and European relief organizations, private groups and religious groups came to the assistance of the Biafrans in response to Biafran propaganda stressing the genocide of the Ibo.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/biafra.htm (1134 words)

	Untitled Document
		It is indeed quite fortunate for the NAF that the Biafrans never seem to have tried to launch a determined ground commando attack on one of these bases.
		Such a Biafran attack on Port Harcourt could for example have taken out up to 20-25% of the NAFs MIG and Il-28 fleet and possibly even have caused the capture or killing of many of the mercenaries that flew the aircraft.
		These aircraft were the lifeline that sustained the Biafran Armed forces and putting an end to their activities had not proven to be an easy task for the MIG 17F pilots since both the Grey Ghosts and the Red Cross/Church Aid airlift aircraft operated primarily at night.
	www.brushfirewars.org /aircraft/mfi_9b_biafran/mfi_9b_biafran_2.htm (2482 words)

	The Biafran War, Nigerian History, Nigerian Civil War
		Leaflets discrediting the Biafran Head of State, encouraging the Biafrans to lay down their arms with a promise of non-persecution, were regularly dropped in the East.
		The Biafrans knew that the odds against them was immense and that their survival depended on the amount of external support they were able to muster.
		The Biafrans, through many of their people abroad, mounted a very strong campaign and propaganda for the recognition of Biafra by the international community and for the purchase of arms and equipment.
	www.africamasterweb.com /BiafranWarCauses.html (9224 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World :: Nigeria: FOBP: the Future of Biafra Project: BISS: the Biafran Institute for ...
		The Biafran Institute for Strategic Studies (BISS), in partnership with the Biafra Central Intelligence Agency (BCIA), and the Biafra Liberation Movement (BLM) are delighted to announce the commencement of
		The FOBP is a long term project that is expected to provide both initial and continued intellectual leadership to the political and technocratic leadership of the Biafran people.
		A critical principle is for the team to keep in mind and reflect in their deliberations is the sovereignty of the people above and beyond the State.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /BISS/2004may30.html (865 words)

	Tietosanakirja :: Biafran sota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Biafran sota eli Nigerian sisällisota käytiin 1967–1970 itsenäiseksi julistautuneen Kaakkois-Nigerian eli Biafran ja Nigerian liittovaltion joukkojen välillä.
		Sodan alkuvaiheessa Biafran joukot etenivät kohti Lagosia heinä-elokuussa 1967, mutta joutuivat sen jälkeen puolustuskannalle.
		Biafran pääkaupunki Enugu joutui liittohallituksen haltuun jo lokakuussa 1967, mutta hallituksen joukkojen eteneminen pysähtyi ibojen puolustaessa tiukasti ydinalueitaan.
	www.tietosanakirja.org /Biafran_sota (208 words)

	Biafran T.6 "Texan" COIN aircraft
		Perhaps the Biafrans decided the aircraft were too badly run down to bother overhauling them or maybe they were just to busy trying to acquire Jet aircraft to bother with a bunch of old Texans.
		The camouflage scheme used on the Biafran T-6 Texans was the unusual and esthetically pleasing standard Biafran scheme of a medium or dark green all over broken up by brown or yellowish olive green patches outlined by sprayed fl lines.
		It is quite likely that the spectacular way the MFI-9B proved that light piston engined machines could be effective against the NAF and its jets persuaded the Biafran command to get things moving on the issue of renovating their Texans and to abandon the futile task of chasing after jet fighters of their own.
	www.brushfirewars.org /aircraft/t-6_texan/north_american_t6_texan.htm (2765 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Biafra: Thirty years on
		For the men who fought for the Biafran cause, defeat has been followed by 30 years of humiliation.
		During the war, Mrs Oyibo Adinamadu was a leading women's activist for the Biafran cause.
		Instead Britain was a key arms supplier to the federal government, enabling it to crush the rebellion, because it believed that Biafran secession would create regional instability.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/596712.stm (877 words)

	The Biafran War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On May 30, Ojukwu proclaimed the secession of the Eastern Region and the formation of the Republic of Biafra.
		Although the Biafran forces at first did well, by early October the federal forces had captured Enugu, their capital.
		Ojukwu fled the country on January 11, and a delegation to Lagos formally surrendered on January 15, 1970, thus ending the existence of the Republic of Biafra.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/nigeria/biafra.html (359 words)

	THE AHIARA DECLARATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fellow Biafrans, I have for a long time thought about this our predicament the attitude of the civilized world to this our conflict.
		His hope was that these Biafrans of dispersion would then carry Islam to Biafra, and by so doing give the religion political control of the area.
		I stand before you to proclaim formally the commitment of the Biafran state to the principles of the revolution and to enunciate those principles.
	nigerdeltacongress.com /articles/ahiara_declaration.htm (9226 words)

	Blunders of the Nigerian Civil War-10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was inducted into the Biafran Army with the rank of a Major – in a move Madiebo calls “the greatest mistake of my military career.” Achuzia proved to be an expert in publicity stunts – and had very poor relationship with officers who had been conventionally trained in military academies.
		During the Biafran counter-offensive of late 1968, Ihenacho was appointed Commander of the 63 Brigade in the rank of Lt. Colonel.
		Biafran Major TI Atumaka died in March 1969 at the head of an “S” Brigade, during one of Colonel Achuzia’s frontal attempts to clear Owerri.
	www.dawodu.com /omoigui33.htm (6522 words)

	Odi Nma Ndi Igbo \| Alaigbo bu Egwu Eji
		Until now efforts to relieve the Biafran people have been thwarted by the desire of the central government of Nigeria to pursue total and unconditional victory and by the fear of the Ibo people that surrender means wholesale atrocities and genocide.
		Biafran flag in Aba, an action considered as an attempt to topple the Federal Government administration" (Vanguard 29 Aug. 2000; The News 21 Sept. 2000).
		The Biafran currency, which was the only legal tender of the survivors of the Biafran siege, was overnight declared worthless and everyone with a bank account was issued a measly N40 (40 cents US), in lieu of their deposit, to start life anew on their own.
	www.freewebs.com /oderaigbo/biafrangenocidestories.htm (13163 words)

	Students for Biafra
		In view of the above and other matters of urgency we Biafran Students are appealing to the International Community to prevail on the government and people of Nigeria to put in motion Instruments for the self determination of Biafra (Igbo), without violence.
		The Biafran (Igbos) are outrightly out of “Consideration” in choosing the government of this Country.
		Again we are further calling on Biafrans at home and in diaspora to generally stand up with one voice and tell Nigerians that enough is enough.
	www.biafraland.com /biafran_students_declare_for_Biafra.htm (738 words)

	Vanguard - National News : Biafran veterans relive experience at book launch
		ENUGU—SENIOR officers of the defunct Biafran Army took advantage of the launch of a book on the three-year civil war to relieve their experiences in Enugu yesterday, calling for greater dialogue and tolerance among the component races and sections of the country.
		Describing the war as unprecedented in many respects especially in the strength of the army mustered by the Federal side to crush the cessation, Professor Ukpabi said that memories of the war would continue to inspire many other works from both those who were and were not part of it.
		A former Biafran Officer, Colonel Emma Nwobosi, in a remark, described Anwunah as one of the finest officers Nigeria has ever produced adding that he conducted his duties during the war with such efficiency and discipline that ignited the spirit of defiance in many of the Igbo officers.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/east/se213122006.html (244 words)

	Nigeria: Independence Movements
		This 'makeshift' quality was typical of much of the Biafran experiment and may account for the several slightly different versions of the flag extant.
		Although neither example is from a proper national flag (one shows a couple of uniform patches, and the other a unit flag), to the best of my knowledge they are representative of how the sun was presented on the flag and elsewhere.
		The capital was taken by Biafran forces in the day and was recovered by the Nigerian federal troups in the night.
	www.fotw.net /flags/ng-biaf.html (577 words)

	59. Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, April 21, 1969
		It was made very clear to the Biafrans that the US Government is determined to avoid direct involvement in what it regards as an internal and African matter.
		The Biafrans were reluctant to discuss relief and the food problem except in the context of urging those seeking to help to devote their energy to ending what they considered the basic cause, the fighting.
		It was very clear throughout the evening's animated but friendly discussion that the Biafran spokesmen remain convinced of the validity of their position.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e5/54627.htm (756 words)

	nigeria: The rebirth of ‘Biafra’
		In the latest sign of the centrifugal forces threatening to tear Africa’s largest oil exporter apart, ethnic Ibo rebel leaders have reintroduced the bills, which are identical to those minted during Biafra’s doomed three-year struggle for independence.
		This is Biafran land and I have to abide by the laws of this new republic,” declared 22-year-old Ogbonnaya Udeh, who trades in textiles in Owerri market.
		I am a Biafran in everything; mind, body and soul,” said Cyprian Onyejekwe, an Ibo who said he became a trader after losing a place in law school to a rival from another ethnic group who had lower test scores.
	www.nigeriamasterweb.com /RebirthOfBiafra.html (877 words)

	allAfrica.com: Nigeria: Pension for Ex-Biafran Policemen (Page 1 of 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Here and there, people who fought the war on the Biafran side were subjected to various degrees of deprivations, despite the official amnesty declared by the then head of state.
		Despite all that, the issue of non-payment of retirement benefits to quasi-military Biafran service men remained an open sore waiting to be treated.
		The president said back then, that paying the retirement benefits of former Biafran soldiers and policemen would be a fitting way to bring the civil war to a real closure.
	allafrica.com /stories/200701260068.html (613 words)

	NIGERIAN TRIBUNE - SOUTH SOUTH - Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		While soldiers who fought on the Nigerian side were easily integrated into the society, a greater number of their Biafran counterparts were ostracized and left to their fate.
		While his brother who fought on the Nigerian side was given full benefits at the end of his service, nothing was coming to the ex-Biafran soldier, thereby defeating the verdict that there was neither a victor nor vanquished in the war.
		The mission statement of the body was to create jobs for its members and to reach out to the Federal Government so that they could be paid their gratuity and pension.
	www.tribune.com.ng /19022007/s_south_biz.html (1092 words)

	Dream of free Biafra revives in southeast Nigeria - Boston.com
		These young men, like many Ibo, are angry because they feel that their people have been marginalized by successive Nigerian governments ever since the Biafran forces surrendered to the Nigerian army in 1970 after a war that killed a million Ibo.
		One of the events that precipitated the Biafran war was a series of massacres of Ibo in the North in 1966, mostly committed by Hausa who were angry over a failed coup in January that year that was perceived as being Ibo-led.
		Chukwuemeka Ojukwu, who as military governor of the Southeast declared Biafran independence and then led the Biafran forces, says the Ibo have to struggle to break out of "a glass cage" hindering their progress within Nigerian society.
	www.boston.com /news/world/africa/articles/2006/07/12/dream_of_free_biafra_revives_in_southeast_nigeria/?page=full (954 words)

	Biafran Babies
		The mosquito-like planes were nicknamed "Biafran Babies." At first, the squadron had three Biafran and three Swedish pilots.
		In September, Biafran pilots training abroad were recalled to fly the Biafran Babies—since the aircraft they were training for were not to be delivered as initially proposed.
		After his arrival in Lisbon, although the war was over and all the Biafran offices in Portugal were closed, when he never could expect, the ex-Biafran Government sent him the correct payment to the last penny for all the war missions he had flown.
	www.kwenu.com /biafra/biafran_babies.htm (896 words)

	News -- Biafran pound still being spent ... at Togo, Benin Republic border towns • It’s N270 to Biafran £1 • ...
		This reporter was able to buy a CD cassette from one of the hawkers around the border with one biafran pound, which he had exchanged for naira.
		Meanwhile, President of Ohanaeze Youth Council and a former legislator, Nnamdi Nwokwocha, said that reports that Biafran dollars had become a legal tender in some border towns were mere speculations intended to embarrass Nigeria and discredit the President Olusegun Obasanjo administration as incompetent.
		Nwokwocha,who reacted to the reports in an interview with Sunday Punch on Saturday, said there was no truth in the report, adding that it was the handiwork of mischief makers, who may want to cash in on the fallout of a recent the United States intelligence report that predicted the disintegration of the country.
	odili.net /news/source/2005/jun/5/537.html (1929 words)

	Obasanjo, the Civil War, and Resource Control By A. A. Madiebo
		He implied that the Biafrans fought just to gain control of the oil wells of the Delta Region.
		Admittedly, it may be difficult for him to completely forget his six months civil war exploits that brought the collapse of Biafra, and set the stage for him to be an Army General as well as the Nigerian head of State twice.
		Above all, he should always remember that the Biafran officers he voluntarily retired in May 2000, are yet to be paid any pensions and gratuities.
	www.waado.org /nigerdelta/essays/ResourceControl/Madiebo.html (1183 words)

	The Banknotes of Biafra
		The £2 million (all in £1 notes) were believed to have been taken by the Biafrans to a bank in Asaba during their retreat from Benin, but when Asaba was captured by the Nigerians the vaults were empty – or at least that is what the military reported to the Central Bank of Nigeria.
		As a supporter of the Biafrans, Portugal would seem a likely place for producing one or both series of notes, and Hank Wharton is known to have been flying from Lisbon when he dumped the cargo of Biafran notes at sea.
		By the time the notes were introduced in 1969, the country controlled by the Biafran forces had been reduced to a circular area approximately 85 miles across (roughly 5,000 square miles) and all consumables had long been sold.
	www.pjsymes.com.au /articles/biafra.htm (8214 words)

	Vanguard - National News : FG pays ex-Biafran police officers entitlements
		ENUGU— THE Federal Governemnt yesterday commenced payment of the entitlements of former Biafran Police officers thirty-seven years after the end of the civil war ending long agitation by the affected officers for the settlement of their benefits.
		The ex-Biafran police officers converged at the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus venue of the payment of their retiring benefits where they sorted out their names from the list of beneficiaries and stepped forward before the paymaster who issued cheques to them one after the other thereby putting a smile on their faces once again.
		The three-day exercise being handled by officials of the Police Pensions board, Abuja was in fulfilment of the promise by President Olusegun Obasanjo, who in May 2000, at the first anniversary of his administration converted the dismissal of the Biafran police officers to retirement.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/east/se210012007.html (423 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Nigerian leader frees Biafran soldiers
		Officials said the presidential pardon, announced on 12 November was in the spirit of general reconciliation and to put the sad memory of the war behind Nigeria.
		The 80 soldiers to receive the presidential pardon were members of the Nigerian army who crossed over to the Biafran side during the civil war.
		For many years after the civil war, the defeated former Biafrans nursed their grievances in silence but correspondents say there is now a new assertiveness in south-eastern Nigerian, a new willingness to talk about the war and even to justify the Biafran cause.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/2459103.stm (436 words)

	Deadly clashes in Nigeria on second day of Biafran protest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, when an AFP reporter attempted to visit a police station where corpses were allegedly being hidden, he was threatened with physical violence by officers on duty.
		But it was not clear how many of the traders had boycotted the market through sympathy for the Biafran cause, and how many through fear of violence.
		Recently, the Biafran pound has begun reappearing in eastern marketplaces and MASSOB members have become bolder in displaying their banner and holding protest marches.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-12/07/content_501259.htm (802 words)

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