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Topic: Biafran language

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	Igbo language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The language was used by John Goldsmith as an example to justify going away from the classical linear model of phonology as laid out in The Sound Pattern of English.
		The current Onwu orthography, a compromise between the older Lepsius orthography and a newer orthography advocated by the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures (IIALC), was agreed in 1962.
		The language features vowel harmony with two sets of vowels distinguished by pharyngeal cavity size and can also be described in terms of "advanced tongue root" (ATR).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Igbo_language (945 words)

	Lingua Franca - 17/03/01: The Newspeak of the New Millenium... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Language, it is readily conceded, is a repository of the morals, the history, the philosophy, indeed the world view of society.
		Recognising, in short, that since certain assumptions of language reflect the character, that is the defects and virtues of society, language may actually be used to disguise or entrench society’s retrogressive culture manifested in such conduct as racism, sexism, marginalisation, intolerance, class or caste domination, hegemonism, etc. etc.
		Language, like it or not is also an autonomous territory of history and aesthetics, admittedly not hermetic, not closed, constantly evolving, but autonomous nevertheless, ruled by values that are germane to its very properties and to none other, or at least, primarily.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/arts/ling/stories/s256388.htm (1482 words)

	Nigerian Breakup: The Biafran Sun rises again - ForumPlasma.com
		Biafrans were and have been discriminated against, their areas allowed to fall into disrepair, their schools being denied, or having their education funds delayed.
		The Igbo language is one of the official languages of the country.
		The Yoruba language is one of the official languages of the country.
	www.forumplasma.com /showthread.php?t=7004&page=2 (2769 words)

	Uzochukwu Njoku: Profile of @ BNW Magazine: Njoku's review, by Uzochukwu J. Njoku @ Biafra NigeriaWorld ...
		This trend may be said to have received official approval, when one considers that in some Igbo churches, the Igbo ministers/preachers preach to their exclusively Igbo audience in English, at times, with the aid of an interpreter.
		He did not recognise that the English Language is just one out of hundreds of languages in the world and that each of these languages is as good or bad as the other.
		Language can only be a medium of expressing what already exists in the mind.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /uzochukwu-njoku.html (2270 words)

	Alexander X. Byrd \| Eboe, Country, Nation, and Gustavus Vassa's Interesting Narrative \| The William and Mary Quarterly, ...
		The people "spoke exactly the same language" as he did and the geography of settlement was not dissimilar to that which prevailed around his father's house.
		In parts of the Biafran interior, age-sets and age-grades were important units of social organization and authority—age-sets being comprised of the males of a village or village group within a two- or three-year age range, and an age-grade consisting of several contiguous age-sets.
		The localism of the Biafran interior, however, was not akin to stagnation or isolationism.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/wm/63.1/byrd.html (9894 words)

	The Nigerian Village Square - National Dialogue: Adopting A National Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Our languages will become a source of revenue because individuals and nations will flood our land to learn our languages in order to do business with us just as we are flooding their lands and learning their languages and doing business with them.
		That you speak a language distinct from and unintelligible to many members of this race is due more to a factor yet to be determined, but obviously having its deep roots embedded in the haze of ancient history.
		For example, by insisting that only the three languages which you refer to as the BT is worthy of being used to replace English,an abusive or abrasive response is not unreasonable comming especially from members of the lesser tribes.
	www.nigeriavillagesquare.com /index.php/content/view/2240/46 (9034 words)

	Nicknames
		For example, today in the English language we use the term “Hooker” to describe prostitutes, not knowing that it was derived from the name of American Major General Benjamin Hooker who liked the company of women of easy virtue during the American civil war.
		Biafran offensive in late October 1969 to reopen the route to the Otuocha food producing area between Onitsha and Abagana.
		Biafran pneumonic for “Republic of Benin”, the republic declared in the Midwest State on September 20, 1967 by Major Albert Okonkwo, acting on behalf of Ojukwu.
	www.dawodu.com /omoigui34.htm (2965 words)

	Language
		Language families can be divided into smaller phylogenetic units, conventionally referred to as branches of the family, because the history of a language family is often represented as a tree diagram.
		Languages that cannot be reliably classified into any family are known as language isolates.
		A language isolated in its own branch within a family, such as Greek within Indo-European, is often also called an isolate, but such cases are usually clarified.
	www.angindia.com /biographyland/biography_language.html (454 words)

	BNW Magazine: Biafra Nigeria World :: Igbo Language: Beyond the Odenigbo Lectures:: Uzochukwu J. Njoku : Njoku's Review ...
		The increasing speed with which the English Language is eroding the Igbo Language is increasingly becoming a source of worry to many.
		The increasing demise of the Igbo Language is the effect of an erroneous interpretation of modernity and what it means to be part of it.
		The growing flight from Igbo Language or the interpretation of many elements of Igbo (African) traditional life as evil is an indication that this campaign is succeeding.
	magazine.biafranigeriaworld.com /ujnjoku/2004aug27.html (2027 words)

	Nigeriaworld Letters & Viewpoints (Jabotinsky, Zionism & The Biafran Imperative)
		It did not because there was no realization by neither the Nigerian government nor the Igbos themselves that “the seeds of the trouble that led to the crises of the 60s have their counterparts still in the ground.
		The Biafran effort is imperative not because Nigeria failed, even though she did, but because there is no other way for Igbos to survive.
		Prior to the killings, the war and the intentional exclusion of Igbos in the affairs of Nigeria, one cannot speak of the Biafran imperative.
	nigeriaworld.com /columnist/okonkwo/biafran_imperative.html (3171 words)

	The Nigerian Civil War - The War Begins. - ClickAfrique Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Biafran Forces buoyed by this initial success launched an invasion of the Midwestern Region and very rapidly found themselves within striking distance of the Nigerian capital, Lagos.
		However, the Igbo heartland proved an almost insurmountable obstacle, the superior leadership, tactics and morale of the Biafran Army meant they were able to pin down the Nigerian army through to the latter part of 1968.
		Although the Biafran Army continued to prove their mettle by recapturing Owerri and pinning down the Federal Forces in Onitsha, the Nigerian government unleashed a new weapon, which was to have devastating effect on Biafra and haunt the memories of observers of the war for years to come.
	www.clickafrique.com /0103rpt/Nigerian_Civil_War4.asp (418 words)

	BNW News: Biafra Nigeria World News: Pride of Africa: Biafra NigeriaWorld is the Authority on BiafraNigeria:: the home ...
		According to the participants, considering the way Hausa language is fast growing across the globe, there is the need to embrace it as the lingua franca of the nation.
		“It is highly desirable for scholars in Hausa language to be presenting their papers in Hausa in such conferences instead of other languages,” it stressed.
		The Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages BUK, should also give room for individuals and other centers like it, to contribute their quota towards running of its activities,” the communiqué further proffered.
	news.biafranigeriaworld.com /archive/2004/dec/17/136.html (372 words)

	SECRETARY-GENERAL INTRODUCES CHINUA ACHEBE, PAUL MULDOON SPEAKING ON ‘USE OF LANGUAGE IN WAR AND PEACE’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		We could not have two lecturers better qualified than these two professors, who are both masters of language, to talk to us about “the use of language in war and peace”.
		Language is an essential attribute of human nature. Without it, we could not communicate any but the very simplest thoughts.
		So we cannot really understand our world without understanding how language is used, and for what purpose. And no one can explain that to us better than people who have the gift of writing. That’s why I’m especially grateful to Professor Achebe and Professor Muldoon for accepting my invitation today.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2006/sgsm10391.doc.htm (451 words)

	Media-Newswire.com - Press Release Distribution - PR Agency
		And his collection of poems, Beware, Soul Brother, written during the Biafran War, was the joint winner of the first Commonwealth Poetry prize in 1972.
		Language is an essential attribute of human nature.
		And between people who do speak the same language, words have a remarkable power, which can be used for good or ill.
	media-newswire.com /release_1038532.html (498 words)

	Bemba language resources
		More structured lists are also available: Language families and languages ISO 639 List of languages by...
		Bemba is one of the eight official languages of Zambia.
		NEW: Read a paper outlining the structure of a Zambian Bantu language*: Bemba Thanks to the CBOLD project at UC Berkeley from which most bibliographic references were taken.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Bemba.html (1495 words)

	Book Reviews - Surviving in Biafra: The Story of the Nigerian Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A variety of cultural norms are revealed and an overall picture of life in a small war torn village is painted quite beautifully.
		Many words, phrases and saying and songs are translated into the (then Biafran) native language of Ibo, and a variety of photos are included which adds nice documentation.
		A beautifully presented account of the suffering, resilience and ingenuity of the Biafrans; the sheer bravery of its young soldiers.
	www.book-reviews.ws /book-reviews/0595263666 (450 words)

	List of languages - Simple English Wikipedia
		This list of languages is alphabetical by English name.
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural and constructed languages spoken by humans.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_languages (206 words)

	Biafran Pound
		One Biafran pound still bears the signature of Dr. Syvelster Ugo, the then Governor of the Central Bank of the defunct Biafran Republic and the picture of a palm tree.
		This reporter was able to buy a CD cassette from one of the hawkers around the border with one biafran pound, which he had exchanged for naira.
		Nwokwocha,who reacted to the reports in an interview with Sunday Punch on Saturday, said there was no truth in the report, adding that it was the handiwork of mischief makers, who may want to cash in on the fallout of a recent the United States intelligence report that predicted the disintegration of the country.
	www.biafraland.com /BiafranPoundPunch.htm (1895 words)

	A Biafran Odyssey (Adobe Reader) ebook Giniji, Chidi Diesel eBooks
		At the turn of the year, 1966, Nigeria was thrown into an awful turmoil by a military coup that exacerbated the existing but cryptic ethnic resentments, precipitating the hostile environments, which necessitated the secession of Biafra, and a year later, ushered in a bloody three year war!
		A Biafran Odyssey is the story of a Biafran youngster, Chidi, who, convinced about the unequivocal legitimacy of Biafra's claim to self determination, left home to join the army, but returned two years later, at the end of the war, with many unanswered questions and a sobering notion about his world.
		Chidi tells his story of Biafra, the way it was never told, featuring the emotional vagaries to which his comrades and himself were subjected to; their woes, their cries and, ironically, their laughs too, revealing some of the weird aspects of one of the most brutal ethnic conflicts of post colonial Africa.
	www.diesel-ebooks.com /cgi-bin/item/0595791913 (259 words)

	Nigeriaworld Feature Article - Northern domination derives oxygen from the Southwest (Part I of II)
		Soyinka, like others eager to avoid war and have a negotiated settlement, made a trip to Enugu in the midst of the crisis to attempt a resolution.
		In a press conference in Lagos on October 28, 1967, Chief Enahoro told reporters that Soyinka had confessed to being a Biafran agent, and to having helped Biafra purchase aircrafts.
		In a 202-word note in cramped handwriting on a tiny piece of paper, the author, Wole Soyinka, who has been in custody since Aug.17, accused the Nigerian Government of seeking to "discredit" him and his efforts to bring about a cease fire in the 19-week old civil war between Nigeria and Biafra.
	nigeriaworld.com /articles/2002/dec/165.html (2398 words)

	Teaching and Learning: Biarfa, Nigeria, The West and The World: Annotated Listing of Site Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Joseph Okpaku, "The Myth of Western Objectivity, Expertise, and Scholarship" in Joseph Okpaku, (ed.), Nigeria: Dilemma of Nationhood An African Analysis of the Biafran Conflict (Westport, Connecticut, 1972).
		This reading, on the line between primary and secondary source, expresses scorn at outsiders who, though they possessed little knowledge of the region or the issues, were regarded as experts during the Nigerian Civil War.
		First four are international statements similar to those issued in response to other crisises; #5 is a Biafran reaction and a sample of the propaganda used in international crises.
	www.historians.org /tl/lessonplans/nc/trask/bibliography2.html (938 words)

	Bete language resources
		...language, Bete language, Lufu language, Imraguen language, Nemadi language, Mpre language, Kwavi language, (Oropom, Andamanese languages), Category:Languages whose existence is uncertain.
		...in a word which is found in slang and youth language.
		nasals' in Greenberg (ed.) Universals of Language, pp 50-60 as cited in Williamson art.cit.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Bete.html (1482 words)

	"Biafra Babies" -- Stories signifying war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		of childhood experiences of the Biafran War from the
		point of view of the Biafran child in any part of the
		language, or in any of the ethnic languages of the
	www.kwenu.com /publications/obiwu/biafran_babies.htm (100 words)

	Biafran language koala Biafran language
		Netster.com makes it fast and easy to find what you need.
		Find biafran language and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.find-ask.com /Encyclopedia/Biafran_language/Biafran_language.html (287 words)

	"'Biafran Babies' (Stories of War and Genocide)" (Update: Announcement ID: 146825)
		We are seeking memoirs, narratives, stories, and tales which represent first hand (direct), second hand (received/retold), or imaginary (fictional) accounts of childhood experiences of the Biafran War from the point of view of the Biafran child in any part of the world before, during, or after the shooting conflict.
		Language: Submissions should be in the English language, or in any of the ethnic languages of the territories of Biafra, including Efik, Ibibio, Igbo, Ijaw, Kalabari, Ogoja, and Ogoni.
		Bio-data: Contributors should send a biographical information (date/place of birth, education, work, etc.) of not more than 150 words with their contributions.
	www.h-net.org /announce/show.cgi?ID=148758 (273 words)

	Amazon.ca: A Biafran Odyssey: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Chidi tells his story of Biafra, the way it was never told, featuring the emotional vagaries to which his comrades and himself were subjected to; their woes, their cries and, ironically, their laughs too, revealing some of the weird aspects of one of the most brutal ethnic conflicts of post- colonial Africa.
		Be the first person to review this item.
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	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0595344321 (296 words)

	Amazon.ca: Surviving in Biafra: The Story of the Nigerian Civil War: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Write an online review and share your thoughts with other shoppers!
		M Uzuegbunam (UK) - See all my reviews
		From when I picked up the book until I finished reading it, I was simply taken into another world.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0595263666 (707 words)

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