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	Pound (currency) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pound, a unit of currency, originated (at least in Britain) as the value of a pound mass of silver.
		Australian pound (until 1966, replaced by the Australian dollar) note: the Australian pound was also used in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Nauru, New Hebrides and Papua and New Guinea.
		The Australian pound was replaced in the New Hebrides in 1977 by the New Hebrides franc.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pound_(currency) (720 words)

	Biafran pound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Biafran pound was the currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra between 1967 and 1970.
		The first issue were denominated at 5 shillings and 1 Pound notes.
		A series of coins was issued in 1969, 3 pence, 6 pence, 1 shilling and 2.5 shilling coins were minted, all made of aluminium; there were also from 1968 a second issue of banknotes in 5 shilling, 10 shilling, 1 pound, 5 pound, and 10 pound notes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biafran_pound (143 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Pound sterling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The pound sterling is one of the world's most widely traded currencies, along with the United States dollar, the Japanese yen, the Australian Dollar and the euro.
		The pound sterling, established in 1560–61 by Elizabeth I and her advisors, foremost among them Sir Thomas Gresham, brought order to the financial chaos of Tudor England that had been occasioned by the "Great Debasement" of the coinage, which brought on a debilitating inflation during the years 1543–51.
		Pound sterling was used as the currency of the British Empire.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Pound_sterling (2771 words)

	Biafran pound
		The Biafran pound was the currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra between 1967 and 1970.
		They were issued as 5 shillings and 1 Pound notes.
		Three pence, 6 pence, 1 shilling and 2.5 shilling coins were minted; there were also 10 shilling, 5 Pound, and 10 Pound notes.
	www.measuroo.com /Acr-B/Biafran_pound.php (76 words)

	Biafra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In January 1966, Ibo officers in the Nigerian army attempted a coup, which was bloody and short-lived.
		In the ensuing Biafran War, raids were made by Biafran troops west into Nigeria in July and August.
		Nigerian troops soon recovered however, advancing into Biafra, and forcing the repeated transfer of the Biafran capital from Enugu to Aba and then Umuahia by the end of the year, and to Owerri in 1969.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/b/bi/biafra.html (368 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		For a long time a pound's worth of silver coins were a troy pound in mass.
		Australian pound (until 1966, replaced by the Australian dollar) note: the Australian pound was also used in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Nauru, New Hebrides and Papua and New Guinea.
		The Australian pound was replaced in the New Hebrides in 1977 by the New Hebrides franc.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=pound_(currency) (526 words)

	Biafran Pound Still Better than Naira Under Obasanjo Administration - The Nigerian Village Square (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One Biafran pound still bears the signature of Dr. Syvelster Ugo, the then Governor of the Central Bank of the defunct Biafran Republic and the picture of a palm tree.
		He disclosed that the Biafran dollar was generally regarded as a legal tender in parts of Togo, especially at their boarders.
		I was around during the Biafran war and the currency I saw was what was spent during the war.
	www.nigeriavillagesquare.com /board/showthread.php?t=3531 (3395 words)

	Currency - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		At various times countries have either restamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does.
		Nowadays ISO have introduced a system, ISO 4217, using three-letter codes to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in order to remove the confusion that there are dozens of currencies called the dollar and many called the franc.
		Even the pound is used in nearly a dozen different countries, all, of course, with wildly differing values.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Currency (2713 words)

	Biafra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Biafran The Republic of Biafra was a short-lived secessionist state in southeastern Nigeria.
		It existed from May 30, 1967 to January 15, 1970, with the military's Chief of Staff formally announcing capitulation on January 12.
		Currency of Biafra (£1 denomination) Nigeria responded initially with an economic blockade, and brought military force to bear starting on July 6, 1967.
	biafra.borgfind.com (415 words)

	Biafra - Gurupedia
		It was recognised by a small number of countries during its existence, including South Africa, however that country's support of apartheid discouraged wider recognition by other African nations that might otherwise have been sympathetic to the Biafran cause.
		Biafran War, raids were made by Biafran troops west into Nigeria in July and August.
		Nigerian troops soon recovered however, advancing into Biafra, and forcing the repeated transfer of the Biafran capital from Enugu to Aba and then Umuahia by the end of the year, and to Owerri in 1969.
	www.gurupedia.com /b/bi/biafra.htm (342 words)

	Penny Encyclopedia @ JustACent.com (Just a Cent) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		1/100 of the British Pound Sterling or the Irish pound (1971–2001), or a coin with that value: see history of the English penny.
		When dealing with British or Irish (pound) money, amounts of the decimal "new pence" less than £1 may be suffixed with "p", as in 2p, 5p, 26p, 72p.
		Irish pound decimal coinage only used "p" to designate units (possibly as this sufficed for both the English word "pence", and Irish form "pingin").
	www.justacent.com /encyclopedia/Penny (556 words)

	Biafra - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The aid of Portugal proved to be crucial to the republic's survival.
		Portugal's São Tomé and Príncipe became a center of humanitarian relief efforts; Biafran currency was printed in Lisbon, which was also the location Biafra's major overseas office.
		Israel also gave Biafra the arms that it captured in the 1967 Six Day War, but that same conflict ruled out further assistance.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/b/i/a/Biafra.html (607 words)

	SAAB Trainers: Safir, SAAB 105, & Supporter
		Working with the Biafrans, he obtained five MFI-9Bs, with the aircraft assembled in Gabon in the spring of 1969.
		They were given a green camouflage paint scheme, a simple gunsight, and pylons to carry a rocket pod under each wing, with each pod containing six French SNEB 68-millimeter (2.68-inch) unguided folding-fin rockets with armor-piercing warheads, for a total of 12 rockets per aircraft.
		There were originally three Swedish and three Biafran pilots for the fleet, and they learned to conduct strikes at dusk and dawn, coming in low over the treetops, maintaining radio silence until the last moment, firing at ranges of a few hundred meters, and then departing as quickly as possible.
	www.vectorsite.net /avsa105.html (4275 words)

	Arewa-online
		Investigations by the Saturday Tribune revealed that the Biafran pounds used in Eastern Nigeria during the civil war is now freely used among the Igbo residents of the town in an open market.
		He said that the use of Biafran currency is not by force, it is voluntary to those that want it and begged police to stop intimidating Igbos in the name of MASSOB, that they have the right to leave if they were not wanted in Nigeria.
		The naira currency was converted to the Biafran currency to enable the purchase of goods at the rate of five Biafran shillings for N75, ten Biafran shillings for N135, one Biafran pound for N270, five Biafran pounds for N1350, and ten Biafran pounds for N2700.
	www.arewa-online.com /arewa-cnn_084.html (964 words)

	Currency
		In general, the three-letter code uses the ISO 3166-1 country code for the first two letters and the first letter of the name of the currency (D for dollar, for instance) as the third letter.
		West African pound - Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone
		Oceania pound - Kiribati, Nauru, New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu
	brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/cu/currency.html (2734 words)

	BNW : Biafra Nigeria World Message Board: the Voice of a New Generation: Biafran Pound distribution another 419 in the ...
		Unfortunately for you the Biafran currency is even more valued in the western world than what the traders are exchanging it for in Onitsha, and I doubt the babboon you call your president is any more educated than those buying the currency.
		The Biafran currency in the true sense does not need Nigerian approbation to become a legal tender in the international market; since the Igbo market can support a strong economy on it's own and demonstrate substantial growth in an international competitive arena, dealers has no choice than to accept it's money as legal tender.
		To answer the thread; no, Biafran pound is not another 419 instead it is the agitation of the people of Eastern Region for a better society by way of Free and Independent State of Biafra.
	messageboard.biafranigeriaworld.com /ultimatebb.cgi/ubb/get_topic/f/1/t/002005/p/1.html (6089 words)

	(DV) Ekwe-Ekwe: When is Genocide Not Genocide?
		The Nigerian campaign was unabashedly supported defiantly by leading and influential officials of the state including Obafemi Awolowo, the deputy chair of the war cabinet and finance minister, who declared openly that it was “justifiable” to starve the Igbo to death as part of the Nigerian military strategy to overrun Biafra.
		Most Biafran casualties, particularly children and the elderly, were indeed people who starved to death as a result of the Nigerian strategy.
		The Awolowoist credo became the guiding principle of the third marine division of the Nigerian army, a notorious death squad that operated in southern Biafra at the time, particularly after the Biafran resistance had virtually frozen the Nigerian advances along its northern provinces.
	www.dissidentvoice.org /Feb05/Ekwe-Ekwe0226.htm (2309 words)

	nigeria: The rebirth of ‘Biafra’
		One of the first such steps was the reintroduction of the pound, which has proved popular.
		In Owerri and Onitsha, the most downstream bridging point on the Niger River and home to West Africa’s busiest market, pounds and shillings were changing hands between Ibo shoppers and traders and being sold by moneychangers at a rate one pound to 270 nairas.
		Uwazuruike said the pound notes now circulating in Onitsha and across the cities of Iboland had been taken from stocks preserved after Biafra’s defeat in 1970 -- although notes appeared to be in good condition -- and that more could be printed as their use spreads.
	www.nigeriamasterweb.com /RebirthOfBiafra.html (877 words)

	BNW News Blog: Biafra Nigeria World News Index and Digest: Igbo in Warri transact business with Biafran currency
		Investigation by Saturday Independent revealed that many of the traders now accept the outlawed Biafran pounds and shillings in their day-to-day transaction.
		According to him, he had travelled to Kano severally to buy cows and on each of the occasions, he used 500, 000 Biafran pounds for transaction and it was accepted.
		Olivia Amaechi said he was not aware of the circulation of the Biafran currency in Warri.
	news.biafranigeriaworld.com /archive/daily_independent/2005/10/29/igbo_in_warri_transact_business_with_biafran_currency.php (495 words)

	Vanguard - Arts: The poet who died at crossroads............
		Almost 40 years after he died on the Biafran battlefield, the man whose haunting and prophetic verse continues to inspire generations of poets, remains virtually unknown outside literary circles.
		Although in his short life he worked in an astonishing range of jobs, including civil servant, teacher, editor and librarian, Okigbo was to later confess that he could not be anything else other than a poet.
		However, it was his active involvement in the Biafran war that prompted the Kenyan scholar, Ali Mazrui, to write the Trial of Christopher Okigbo in 1971.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/features/arts/at127112005.html (1130 words)

	FT.com / World / Middle East & Africa - Biafran voices of dissent grow ever louder
		I need Biafran pounds," he roared, eyes bulging at a large wad of crisp five pound notes in his fist.
		The Biafran pound was the currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra, a part of oil-rich Nigeria that declared itself independent in the wake of political turbulence, coups and pogroms against Nigeria's third largest ethnic group, the Igbo, following Nigeria's break from colonial rule in 1960.
		The reintroduction ofBiafran notes into Igbo market towns by activists of Massob, a banned group advocating a peaceful Biafran secession, might not have much of an effect on the economy but represents a rejection of a central government which many Igbo say has imposed ruling party governors in their states through flawed elections.
	news.ft.com /cms/s/af5f9878-7d90-11da-875c-0000779e2340.html (927 words)

	Obasanjo and the Biafran Pound
		The history of the world is replete with people deciding to put their faith in a form of exchange other than the country's currency, Nigerians have been doing same for several years after the Naira learnt to fall like a drunken giant.
		Dollars, CFA francs, Pounds, Euros etc are quite readily used as forms of exchanges in Nigeria.
		Playing soccer, deciding on a means of exchange among themselves, flying a flag, while the vilest of animals that have raped the country, burnt public infrastructure, rigged elections, collected our taxes yet refusing to tar our roads, or provide us with basic security walk around free.
	www.nigeria-directory.com /nigeria/newsmedia/Aug22_2.htm (815 words)

	World Paper Money
		From the 1968-69 issue we offer the 5 Pounds which pictures a weaver at a loom, the 1 Pound which shows the national arms, the 10 Shillings that features buildings and the 5 Shilling, which again pictures Biafran women.
		These are the original notes that circulated in Biafran, not the unissued left-over notes that lack serial numbers.
		Biafran notes tend to be hard to find as most were destroyed following the war.
	www.joelscoins.com /catpm.htm (1773 words)

	BNW News Blog: Biafra Nigeria World News Index and Digest: Igbo in Warri transact business with Biafran currency
		Investigation by Saturday Independent revealed that many of the traders now accept the outlawed Biafran pounds and shillings in their day-to-day transaction.
		According to him, he had travelled to Kano severally to buy cows and on each of the occasions, he used 500, 000 Biafran pounds for transaction and it was accepted.
		Olivia Amaechi said he was not aware of the circulation of the Biafran currency in Warri.
	news.biafranigeria.com /archive/2005/10/29/igbo_in_warri_transact_business_with_biafran_currency.php (464 words)

	www.businessinafrica.net \| news_in_brief \| all Rebels shut down Nigerian city
		Police fired tear gas to disperse gangs of youths who blocked the roads of Onitsha with burning barricades to enforce the protest, but few people attempted to go to work and all stalls, banks and petrol stations in and around the city were closed.
		We are Biafrans in soul and body," Massob spokesman Uchenna Madu said.
		Recently, the Biafran pound has begun reappearing in eastern marketplaces and Massob members have become bolder in displaying their banner and holding protest marches.
	www.businessinafrica.net /news_in_brief/all/793598.htm (798 words)

	dialogue-yemen - Biafran separatists shut down southeast Nigeria
		Millions of Nigerians deserted the normally bustling streets and markets of cities in the southeast of the country as police cracked down violently on a protest called to demand independence for the 40-million-strong Igbo people.
		Separatist leaders called for the protest after their chief, Ralph Uwazurike, was arrested by federal police on October 25 and later charged with treason.
		In 1967 General Emeka Ojukwu led southeast Nigeria in a revolt against federal rule, declaring Igbo lands to be an independent "Republic of Biafra".
	www.dialogue-yemen.org /en/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=926 (821 words)

	News -- Comment: Obasanjo and the Biafran Pound
		The history of the world is replete with people deciding to put their faith in a form of exchange other than the country's currency, Nigerians have been doing same for several years after the Naira learnt to fall like a drunken giant.
		Dollars, CFA francs, Pounds, Euros etc are quite readily used as forms of exchanges in Nigeria.
		Playing soccer, deciding on a means of exchange among themselves, flying a flag, while the vilest of animals that have raped the country, burnt public infrastructure, rigged elections, collected our taxes yet refusing to tar our roads, or provide us with basic security walk around free.
	odili.net /news/source/2005/aug/22/48.html (801 words)

	We won't raise arms against Nigeria, but Biafra will be free: separatist leader
		Nevertheless, there is a mounting mood of militancy among the Igbo, especially among the majority of the population too young to remember the horrors of the Biafran war.
		The Biafran pound, once the currency of the breakaway republic, is once more changing hands in the markets of Onitsha, Owerri and elsewhere.
		Nigeria returned to civilian rule in 1999 after 16 years of brutal military dictatorship under the leadership of generals from the Hausa-speaking community of Nigeria's mainly Muslim north, amid hopes that Africa's most populous country could at last bridge its deep divides.
	www.terradaily.com /2005/050822105742.7lqoycgv.html (818 words)

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