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	Filippo Maria Visconti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Filippo Maria Visconti, (1392–1447), who became nominal ruler of Pavia in 1402, succeeded his assassinated brother Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan.
		He was the son of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Gian Maria's predecessor.
		He died in 1447, the last of the Visconti in direct male line, and was succeeded in the duchy, after the short-lived Ambrosian republic, by Francesco Sforza, who had married Filippo's daughter Bianca in 1441.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti (195 words)

	Galeazzo Maria Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galeazzo Maria Sforza (January 24, 1444 – December 26, 1476) was Duke of Milan.
		Galeazzo was born to Francesco Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti.
		His daughter Bianca Maria Sforza (1472-1510) married Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1493.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galeazzo_Maria_Sforza (297 words)

	Origin of Tarot: Trionfi or Tarocchi in Ferrara 1442
		Bianca Maria already knew the card productions of her father (Michelino and Cary-Yale) at her visit in Ferrara and with her knowledge she influenced the Este court to develop a 14-cards-set, which was considered to be added to the normal decks "just as an idea".
		In the contrary Bianca Maria had have in her childhood a lonesome stay on some country castles of her father, she even was not allowed to visit Milano (probably due to the paranoic character of her father - who had reason to to be careful, earlier members of the Visconti-family were often murdered).
		Bianca Maria visited Ferrara and became known to a new deck with 5x14-structure (which was invented either in Ferrara or somewhere else, perhaps in Venice).
	www.geocities.com /autorbis/ferrara1442.html (1902 words)

	Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000 - pafg1502 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Filippo Maria VISCONTI was born 1392 and died 1447.
		Bianca Maria VISCONTI was born 1425 and died 1468.
		Galeazzo Maria SFORZA was born 1444 and died 26 Dec 1476.
	www.peterwestern.f9.co.uk /maximilia/pafg1502.htm (203 words)

	Bianca Maria Visconti in Ferrara 1441 - Tarot Research
		As was the case for Filippo Maria Visconti at the time of the execution of his wife Beatrice, the event fixed his reputation for pitiless justice, who for his part continued to behave like an impenitent playboy.
		Bianca was aware of what was going on, having been first offered to Carlo and then to Leonello, but the 15 year old didn't play along with her father's manipulations, perhaps having demonstrated her own will openly.
		Bianca Maria was thoroughly treated; she even had occasion to act as godmother to an umpteenth bastard daughter of Niccolo (which brought the total number close to three hundred), who bore Bianca's own name.
	trionfi.com /0/d/41/index.php (1634 words)

	VISCONTI-SFORZA TRIUMPH OF FORCE
		Although the Sforzas were employed both by the Viscontis against the Venentians and then the Venetians against the Visconti, both Murzio and Francesco finally carved city-states out for themselves, with Francesco controlling Cremona, south of Milan.
		Visconti died in 1447, leaving the Visconti possessions to Alfonse V of Spain.
		Angelus' depiction of the symbol for 26 Libra is remarkably similar to the VS card, both in the overall simplicity of its design and in such details as the shape of the man's garments and the lion's tail between its legs.
	www.angelfire.com /space/tarot/hercule.html (1941 words)

	SFAX - LoveToKnow Article on SFAX
		The short-lived Ambrosian republic, which was established by the Milanese on the death of Visconti (1447), was overthrown by Francesco, who made his triumphal entry as duke of Milan on the 25th of March 1450.
		Francesco left several sons, among whom were Galeazzo Maria, Lodovico, surnamed the Moor, and Ascagnio, who became a cardinal.
		GALEAZZO MARIA, who succeeded to the duchy, was born in 1444, and was a lover of art, eloquent in speech, but dissolute and cruel.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SF/SFAX.htm (921 words)

	Department of Art History - University of Nottingham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Filippo Maria Visconti faced a serious problem: he was an invalid himself, unable to stand or walk without support, and both of his marriages had remained childless.
		The only offspring he produced was an illegitimate daughter, Bianca Maria, but he never officially accepted or acknowledged her as his daughter.
		Bianca Maria was given as bride to Francesco Sforza in order to secure the loyalty of Sforza to Filippo Maria Visconti.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /art-history/undergraduate/modules/neher/courts.html (8716 words)

	Sforza. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444–76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Galeazzo’s daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?–1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
		In the Italian Wars Milan was claimed by Louis XII of France, great-grandson of Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sf/Sforza.html (646 words)

	Visconti: Il Matto - Aeclectic Tarot Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Perhaps in the Visconti world view, The Fool was indeed the lowest of the low, a wanderer without home, food, or human love and compassion.
		The only person, who builds a bridge, is Bianca Maria Visconti, but she left home years ago, and spend most of her youth outside of Milan.
		In contrary to Filippo Maria, who more or less was of a family of a--holes, in which the family members murdered each other, Francesco Sforza was part of a great farmer community, which by personal and collective energy ascended as group from nothing to all.
	www.tarotforum.net /showthread.php?t=34190 (1836 words)

	Visconti Family -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		His brother Filippo Maria (1392–1447), succeeding to the dukedom, managed, by marriage to the widow of the condottiere (mercenary captain) Facino Cane, to gain control of Cane's troops and territories and gradually reconstructed the Visconti dominions.
		Filippo Maria died suddenly, however, leaving the duchy to be contested between Sforza and King Alfonso V of Aragon, whom Filippo Maria had designated his heir.
		Visconti governmental institutions survived into the 18th century, and, although the Visconti name disappeared with Bianca Maria, Visconti blood was transmitted through the female line to the great dynasties of Europe: the Valois of France, the Habsburgs of Austria and Spain, and the Tudors of England.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9075507 (1285 words)

	Andy's Playing Cards - page VI - The Visconti Tarots - part 1
		The canopy's fringe bears a series of alternate shields with the Visconti snake and the white cross of Savoy on a red background, what several scholars consider an identification mark that points to Filippo Maria Visconti and his second wife Maria of Savoy (1428).
		Allegedly, the two personages are Francesco Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti, who married in 1441; thus, we should assume that this tarot was manufactured later than the Cary-Yale one.
		Most elements seem to suggest that the so-called Cary-Yale Visconti tarot was painted while the Sforza family had already seized the duchy of Milan, but at the same time it celebrates only the name and devices of the previous duke, Filippo Maria.
	l-pollett.tripod.com /cards31.htm (2406 words)

	Oldest Tarotcards. Origin of Tarot. Research of the history of Tarot.
		Michelino was active in Milano till 1403/1404, then the life in Milano was disturbed by greater political difficulties connected to the death of duke Giangaleazzo Visconti in 1402 and a shorter phase of reignment by his wife, who soon got difficulties, was imprisoned and probably poisoned by her eldest son, Giovanni Maria, in late 1404.
		Michelino was the painter, Filippo Maria Visconti the commissioner.
		He was the personal teacher of Filippo Maria, when, after the death of Giangaleazzo 1402, the 10-years-old second-son Filippo Maria was exported to Pavia, a castle housing the great and famous Library of the Visconti, with around 1000 books, the second greatest of Europe after that gathered by Charles V. the wise of France.
	geocities.com /autorbis/marcello1.html (2222 words)

	Who's Who (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ludovico Maria SFORZA Duke of Milan, Beatrice D'ESTE
		Galeazzo Maria Sforza of MILAN, Mistress of Galeazzo Maria SFORZA
		FrancescoI Sforza Duke of Milan, Bianca Maria Visconti
	www.sforza.com /html/SforzaWhosWho.html (186 words)

	The Sforza Domination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At Filippo Maria Visconti's death, the Duchy of Milan went to Filippo V d'Aragona.
		He defeated the Venice Republic, made himself master of the Ambrosian Republic and was proclaimed Duke in 1450 through his marriage to Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the last Visconti duke of Milan.
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man. He was assassinated in 1476 by a group of republican conspirators.
	www.gicas.net /machiavelli/sforza.html (683 words)

	Sforza Galeazzo Maria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Francesco Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti's son, he was born in Fermo and he was the fifth Duke of Milan from 1466 to 1476.
		Drawing upon himself hatred of many people, on Saint Stefano's day, while returning from a military expedition against the Duke of Borgogna, he was mortally wounded by 3 hired killers aiming to urge people to revolt in order to establish a freedom regimen.
		The truth was that Galeazzo Maria's son, Gian Galeazzo, succedeed to him and in spite of everything, he maintained the father regimen.
	www.marchenet.it /galeazzi/galeazzi2/Ingsforza.htm (324 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Bona Sforza
		Bona was born in Vigevano, the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Sforza of Milan and niece of Bianca Maria Sforza, who in 1493 had married Maximilian I.
		Bona, the niece of the empress, was a patron of Renaissance culture, which began to flourish in Poland.
		Bianca Maria Visconti of Milan, born Princess of Milan and marriage Duchess of Milan
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Queen_Bona (291 words)

	House of Sforza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Insert shows the Duchy of Milan ruled by the Visconti family and inherited by the Sforzas.
		His son Francesco Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke of Milan from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.
		After the French were driven out by Imperial Swiss troops Maximilian Sforza, son of Ludovico, became Duke of Milan, until the French returned under Francis I of France and imprisoned him.
	www.vacilando.org /_cliextra/baghdadmuseumorg/includepage.php?title=Sforza&action=edit (355 words)

	Italy Substates
		After her sister Maria had divorced Federico II di Mantova and entered a convent, Margherita took over her claims to the Margravate and married Federico, who was given the title of Margrave of Mantova in 1536.
		Maria Sophia followed him, and during the siege in early 1861 earned the nickname "Heroine of Gaeta." A falsified referendum (showing a victory of 99 percent) confirmed Vittorio Emanuele II as King of Italy.
		1490-96 Regent Dowager Duchess Bianca di Monferrato of Savoia, the counties of Aosta, Moriana and Nizza and the Principality of Piemonte
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /italy_substates.htm (10633 words)

	The Official Castello Sforzesco Website
		Although the Castle should appear as a luxury residence, which should have nothing to do with the old fortress built by Filippo Maria Visconti, the Filarete was soon dismissed and the military architect Bartolomeo Gadio was called in to oversee the building.
		The Castello di Porta Giovia was provided with massive cylindrical towers covered with bosses and with articulated structures: the Ghirlanda is a quadrangular defensive wall over three meters thick, which led to the town walls and surrounded the Rocchetta and the Corte Ducale.
		The Ghirlanda, which already existed at the time of the Visconti, had been enlarged and strengthened in the Sforza age.
	www.milanocastello.it /ing/lungaRicostruito.html (329 words)

	René d'Anjou and cards - Aeclectic Tarot Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Huck's suggestion that he may have returned them to Bianca Maria Visconti, whom he visited in Pavia in September 1453, seems therefore more plausible.
		They were a personal object of the property of Bianca Maria, and Anjou and Milano were allies.
		And when it is true, that the Daphne picture from 1468 showed Galeazzo Maria and Bona in 1468, then we've a certain result of this action.
	www.tarotforum.net /showthread.php?t=30676 (2290 words)

	Bianca Maria Visconti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Bianca Maria Visconti with her first-born son Galeazzo Maria as Saint Mary with the child Jesus Christ - she is the grandmother of Isabella of Aragon (from her mother´s side)
		Filippo Maria Visconti (1392-1447), Duke of Milan, the youngest son of Giangaleazzo Visconti ( 1402), who is the most famous Duke of Milan of the Visconti dynasty
		her son Ascanio Maria (1455-1505), Abbot of Chiaravalle, Bishop of Pavia, Cremona, Pesaro and Novara and Cardinal since the 6 March 1484; a further portrait: Img.
	asn-ibk.ac.at /bildung/faecher/geschichte/maike/monalisa/g_eng/829.htm (313 words)

	Sforza on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Francesco was succeeded by his eldest son, Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1444-76, a highly educated but dissolute and cruel man; he was a patron of the arts and employed the architect Bramante.
		Another of Francesco's sons, Ascanio Maria Sforza, 1455-1505, was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and also a patron of the arts.
		Galeazzo's daughter Bianca Maria married Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and his illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza, 1463?-1509, became the wife of Gerolamo Riario, lord of the cities of Imola and Forlì and a nephew of Pope Sixtus IV.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Sforza.asp (828 words)

	Filippo Maria Visconti: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Filippo Maria Visconti, (1392–1447), who became nominal ruler of Pavia (Pavia: pavia (the ancient ticinum) (population 71,000) is a town and comune of south-western...
		[follow hyperlink for more...]) in 1402, succeeded his Father Gian Galeazzo Visconti (Gian Galeazzo Visconti: giangaleazzo visconti (1351-1402) was the first duke of milan, italymilan and...
		He died in 1447, the last of the Visconti (Visconti: Italian filmmaker (1906-1976)) in direct male line, and was succeeded in the duchy, after the short-lived Ambrosian republic, by Francesco Sforza, who had married Filippo's daughter Bianca in 1441.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/filippo_maria_visconti (240 words)

	Hotel Delle Arti Cremona
		In 1334 Cremona was conquered by Visconti and finally became a part of the dukedom of Milan from 1420 until the unity of Italy.
		In 1441 to celebrate the wedding between Bianca Maria Visconti and Francesco Sforza, Bianca Maria Visconti brought the town as a dowry and fostered its cultural and artistic renewal.
		This artistic production which had as protagonists Bonifacio and Benedetto Bembo in the second half of the fifteenth century went on also during the sixteenth century when Cremona was under the Spanish rule.
	www.hoteldellearti.com /cremona_attractions.htm (436 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - CREMONA: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They lived in the Via Giudecca (now Via Zuecca), where there was a large synagogue, and in a few contiguous streets; and they had a cemetery in the vicinity, designated to-day as "S.Maria di Bethlem No. 2174." In 1456 Francesco Sforza took them under his protection because of their fidelity to the state.
		In 1466-68 they were so numerous that the citizens petitioned Princess Bianca Maria Visconti not to admit any more Jews.
		The treatment received by the Jews in the territory of Milan was generally just.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=873&letter=C (1218 words)

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