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	Biblical Aramaic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biblical Aramaic is the form of the Aramaic language that is used in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few other places in the Hebrew Bible.
		Aramaic became the language of necessity for the exiles, and after the Persian Empire's capture of Babylon, it became the language of culture and learning.
		King Darius I declared that Aramaic was to be the official language of the western half of his empire in 500 BCE, and it is this Imperial Aramaic language that forms the basis of Biblical Aramaic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biblical_Aramaic (490 words)

	The Aramaic Language
		Aramaic is one of the Semitic languages, an important group of languages known almost from the beginning of human history and including also Arabic, Hebrew, Ethiopic, and Akkadian (ancient Babylonian and Assyrian).
		Aramaic was used by the conquering Assyrians as a language of administration communication, and following them by the Babylonian and Persian empires, which ruled from India to Ethiopia, and employed Aramaic as the official language.
		Aramaic remained a dominant language for Jewish worship, scholarship, and everyday life for centuries in both the land of Israel and in the diaspora, especially in Babylon.
	cal1.cn.huc.edu /aramaic_language.html (639 words)

	Aramaic, Aramaic Language - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aramaic was the official language of the extensive Persian empire, as it had been to some extent that of its predecessor, the empire of Assyria.
		As it is frequently asserted that the Aramaic of Daniel and Ezra is that of the Targums, it is necessary to examine the truth of this statement.
		In regard to pronouns, while in Biblical Aramaic, as in Sinjirli and Assouan, the 1st person singular is 'an'a, in Targumic it is 'anah: the plural in Biblical Aramaic is 'anachna' akin to 'anachnah in Assouan, whereas in the Targums it is usually 'anan, though sometimes the Biblical form appears.
	www.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T678 (3195 words)

	The following is the preface by the publishers of the Lamsa Bible and the Introduction to the Lamsa Bible
		Aramaic was the language of the Church that spread east, almost from the beginning of Christianity, from Antioch and Jerusalem, beyond the confines of the Roman Empire.
		Aramaic was so firmly established as the lingua franca that no government could dispense with its use as a vehicle of expression in a far-flung empire, especially in the western provinces.
		Aramaic is still spoken in Iraq and in northwestern Iran by remnants of the Assyrian people and the Jews of the exile, and the literary Aramaic remains the same today as it was of yore.
	aramaicnttruth.org /downloads/outside/Lamsaintro1.htm (6423 words)

	Jewish Language Research Website: Jewish Aramaic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Aramaic language has been around for over three thousand years, beginning in the 11th century B.C.E as the official language of the first Aramean states in Syria.
		Aramaic is a close sister of Hebrew and is identified as a "Jewish" language, since it is the language of major Jewish texts (the Talmuds, Zohar, and many ritual recitations, such as the kaddish).
		Aramaic has been until our present time a language of Talmudic debate in many traditional yeshivot (traditional Jewish schools), as many rabbinic texts are written in a mixture of Hebrew and Aramaic.
	www.jewish-languages.org /jewish-aramaic.html (719 words)

	IBSS - Languages - Aramaic
		The later Syrian Church used Aramaic as well as the Gnostic sect the Mandeans (followers of John The Baptist who fled the destruction of Jerusalem to Iraq).
		Aramaic is still a spoken language in small areas of Syria, turkey, Iraq, and Iran.
		Aramaic belongs to the same family of languages as Hebrew called Northwest Semitic languages.
	www.bibleandscience.com /languages/aramaic.htm (454 words)

	Biblical Baby Names - Biblical Names
		Biblical: one of the three unfortunates thrown in the fiery furnace by King Nebuchadnezzar, and rescued by an angel...
		Biblical: Abraham, celebrated for his great faith, was the ancestor-father of Israel and some of the Arabic peoples...
		Biblical: in the Genesis account, he was the first man created from the red earth of Eden...
	www.thinkbabynames.com /search/1/biblical (281 words)

	Lord's Prayer in Aramaic
		Aramaic was the language of Semitic culture, the language of the Hebrew patriarchs and, in the older days, the lingua franca of the Fertile Crescent.
		The term "Hebrew" is derived from the Aramaic word Abar or Habar which means " to cross over." This name was given to the Hebrew people simply because Abraham and the people who were with him crossed the river Euphrates and went to Palestine.
		After the captivity, Aramaic became the vernacular of the Jewish people and is still used by them in the worship.
	pw1.netcom.com /~aldawood/aramaic.htm (210 words)

	[No title]
		Fitzmyer's task was to translate it from Aramaic, using his knowledge of the language to fill in the gaps.
		Since the Qumran Aramaic and Hebrew texts are fragmentary, I had to use the full text of the long form of the Sinaiticus and supplement it with verses from the Vetus Latina (because of gaps in the Sinaiticus text).
		The Aramaic text he had translated is not known to us; perhaps the wagging tail was a simple stylistic flourish that some writer or translator felt was necessary at that point.
	www.companysj.com /v141/written.html (1243 words)

	AskWhy! Biblical Languages - Jewish Mythology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aramaic influence is also evident, but since it became the official language of trade and diplomacy from the Persian period, that is hardly surprising, except that it tends to suggest a date after the Persian conquest.
		Biblical minimalism is the right and duty to be methodologically sound and non-theological in investigating late Iron Age Palestine and the Persian province of Yehud, by whatever method, independent of the biblical image of “ancient Israel”.
		Thus the Aramaic parts of the book are after the middle of the second century BC and have their origin in a re-edition of an original Hebrew text, in which the Aramaic version of the text was aimed at giving the antique atmosphere of the Persian period, exactly as the author of
	www.askwhy.co.uk /judaism/0135Language.html (5997 words)

	[No title]
		An Introduction to Aramaic is a straightforward introduction to biblical Aramaic for beginning students who are already familiar with Hebrew.
		All Aramaic passages in the Old Testament are included, along with an introduction to other Aramaic texts, such as ancient inscriptions, Dead Sea Scrolls, rabbinic literature, and quotations in the New Testament.
		Most are motivated by the fact that parts of the Bible are written in Aramaic, specifically major sections of the books of Ezra (4:6-6:18 and 7:12-26) and Daniel (2:4-7:28), as well as one sentence in Jeremiah (10:11) and two words in Genesis (31:47).
	www.logos.com /products/prepub/details/2059 (1045 words)

	Graduate Courses
		Emphasis is on the biblical background and the place of this literature in the early history of Judaism.
		Traces the interpretation of a central biblical text or theme in the literature of medieval Jewish exegesis.
		A survey of the history of Jewish education from biblical to modern times; the character and type of Jewish educational institutions developed during various periods; the influence of the emancipation; the establishment of Israel; and other recent developments.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/hebrew/gcourses.htm (2996 words)

	Institute of Biblical and Related Languages Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An undergraduate major with a focus on Biblical languages has been available for interested students, and there has been a significant expansion in course offerings in ancient and modern near/middle eastern languages.
		Aramaic is a 4000 level course (advanced undergraduate-graduate level) and requires a prerequisite 3 semester hours of Hebrew.
		Greek 2301 and 2302, Hebrew 3301 and 3302, and Aramaic 4303.
	www3.baylor.edu /BRL (316 words)

	The Languages of the Bible
		Two of the biblical languages, Hebrew and Aramaic are in the Semitic family, which also includes Arabic and the ancient language of Akkadian.
		Biblical Hebrew and biblical Aramaic are written with the same alphabet.
		Aramaic, sometimes called Chaldee in the old King James Bible, continued to be a language of major importance until the rise of Islam.
	www.kubik.org /vcm/language.htm (2995 words)

	Aramaic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aramaic is a group of Semitic languages with a 3,000-year history.
		During the twelfth century BC, Aramaeans, the native speakers of Aramaic, began to settle in great numbers in modern-day Syria, Iraq and eastern Turkey.
		From the seventh century AD onwards, Aramaic was replaced as the lingua franca of the Middle East by Arabic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aramaic_language (5646 words)

	BIBLICAL BABY NAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Biblical names from the Hebrew Bible are mostly from the Hebrew, some from the Aramaic.
		Biblical names from the Greek Bible are mostly from the Greek.
		In the description that accompanies each Biblical name painting is the etymology and the meaning of the name.
	www.biblicalbabyname.com (572 words)

	aboutfnd
		It was established to show an alternate route one may take in biblical studies.
		The Noohra Foundation presents direct modern English translations of ancient Aramaic biblical texts with their rich, sociological Semitic customs and traditions.
		This periodical presents the latest in Aramaic biblical research.
	www.noohra.com /aboutfnd (477 words)

	Syllabi 2006-2007 B-KUL-F0SG0A Aramaic I
		To impart knowledge about the grammar of biblical Aramaic, but at the same time an introduction to the Aramaic grammar in general.
		This teaching activity wants to impart knowledge about the grammar of biblical Aramaic, but is also meant to be an introduction into Aramaic grammar in general.
		The course is dedicated to the study of the grammar of biblical Aramaic and to the reading and analysation of Aramaic sections of Daniel.
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /onderwijs/aanbod/syllabi/F0SG0AE.htm (167 words)

	Judaica Bibliography and resources
		Misnaic Hebrew and its relation to Biblical Hebrew and to Aramaic, a grammatical study.
		A manual of the Aramaic language of the Babylonian Talmud; grammar, chrestomathy and glossaries.
		Aramaic epigraphs on clay tablets of the Neo-Assyrian Period.
	www.sewanee.edu /Theology/mc/mcjudaica/judaicabibnew.html (1778 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		DESCRIPTION: An introduction to the essential elements of the phonology, morphology and syntax of biblical Aramaic, using the Aramaic portions of Ezra and Daniel.
		RELEVANCE FOR MINISTRY: Since a portion of the Old Testament is written in Aramaic, an ability to exegete this material is dependent upon a knowledge of the grammar of that language.
		At the beginning of the course, detailed guide sheets will be used by the students in their preparation of biblical passages; as the course progresses the students will be expected to provide increasing levels of analysis and translation.
	www.fuller.edu /sot/ecds/062/LG525_Lundberg.html (217 words)

	Grammars: Learn Aramaic, Biblical Hebrew, and/or Koine Greek
		This is an excellent place to start if you want to learn biblical Hebrew, especially if you are studying on your own.
		This text is the intermediate companion to Kittel's Biblical Hebrew.
		Biblical Hebrew for Students of Modern Israeli Hebrew
	www.anduril.ca /bible/grammars.html (235 words)

	BiblicalStudies.org.uk - Biblical Languages - Hebrew
		Amazon.com} "This is a wonderful addition to the scholarly tools of biblical interpretation, useful for both Old and New Testament research.
		H.F.W. Gesenius, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament: With an Appendix Containing the Biblical Aramaic.
		Daniel I. Block, "Israel's House: Reflections On The Use Of Byt Ysr'l In The Old Testament In The Light Of Its Ancient Near Eastern Environment," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 28.3 (1985): 257-275.
	www.biblicalstudies.org.uk /lang_hebrew.php (791 words)

	Detailed reading lists
		Aramaic and its Literatures in Post-Biblical Judaism and Early Christianity
		- Abraham Tal, "The Dialects of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic and the Palestinian Targum of the Pentateuch," Sefarad 46:1-2 (1986), 441-448.
		The Introduction and Development of Literary Urmia Aramaic in the Nineteenth Century (Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1999).
	www.duke.edu /web/nehdas/readings.html (2336 words)

	nw semitic links
		Biblical Hebrew, Hebrew Epigraphy, Hebrew Sirach and Hebrew Language of the DSS.
		Anyone interested in Biblical Hebrew Studies is invited to subscribe, but the list will assume at least a working knowledge of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic." (see description).
		Discussion list for Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Aramaic and early Christian Aramaic, by Society for the Advancement of Nazarene Judaism.
	www.staff.uni-mainz.de /lehmann/link.html (2769 words)

	Aramaic Peshitta Bible Repository - Lamsa Bible, Peshitto, Eastern Christianity
		This is my amateur website for promoting the Peshitta (the Aramaic Bible) and to a lesser extent, the Peshitto.
		My free books will explain to you why Greek primacy (the belief in the originality of the Greek New Testament) is illogical, and why Old Syriac primacy is a farce, by looking at the historical evidence, and more importantly, the linguistic evidence.
		These books deal with Greek Bible contradictions, Greek variants, split words (polysemy), mistranslations, idioms, Aramaicisms, Semiticisms, Biblical poetry in the Peshitta, and includes featured articles dealing with Koine Greek / Biblical Greek comparisons, Semitic syntax in the Greek NT, and Bible codes that are found in the Aramaic Peshitta, though lacking in the Greek.
	www.aramaicpeshitta.com (322 words)

	Topical Index
		The Aramaic Gospels and Acts (by Joseph Pashka, Xulon Press, 2003), which provides the Aramaic text with interlinear English text.
		The Aramaic Gospels and Acts Companion (by Joseph Pashka, Xulon Press, 2003), which provides the romanized transliteration of the Aramaic text.
		A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic: An Annotated Answer Key (by James N. Jumper, Andrews University Press, 2003), which provides answers to the exercises in Alger Johns' grammar.
	www.bibletexts.com /topical.htm (2713 words)

	Elementary Biblical Aramaic, ARAMIC 421 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After acquiring the fundamentals of Aramaic grammar and a working knowledge of the differences that distinguish Aramaic from Hebrew, we will move through select Aramaic portions of the Bible inductively.
		Some sections of the assignments we will go over together in class, and others we will hand in.
		Frederick E. Greenspahn, An Introduction to Aramaic (Atlanta, GA.: Scholars Press, 1999).
	faculty.washington.edu /snoegel/Aram02syll.html (269 words)

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