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Topic: Biblical poetry

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	Biblical Poetry
		A brief treatment of biblical poetry will introduce the main levels where poetic features operate, as well as the tools and techniques available to the poet at each of these levels.
		Rather, Hebrew poetry seems to be governed by a basic balance between the lines of a couplet (or triplet) whereby each line has the same number of word units.
		Biblical poetry sometimes employs techniques on the level of the entire poem to bind couplets and stanzas into one composition.
	www.westminster.edu /staff/nak/courses/BibPoetry.htm (1665 words)

	Poetry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Poetry (ancient Greek: ποιεω (poieo) = I create) is traditionally a written art form (although there is also an ancient and modern poetry which relies mainly upon oral or pictorial representaions) in which human language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or instead of, its notional and semantic content.
		Poetry may use condensed form to convey an emotion or idea to the reader or listener, or it may use devices such as assonance, alliteration and repetition to achieve musical or incantatory effects.
		Poetry was employed as a means of recording oral history, storytelling (epic poetry), genealogy, and law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poetry (1740 words)

	"The Hermeneutics of Biblical Lyric Poetry" by Daniel J. Estes
		When biblical interpretation is dominated by historical and theological concerns, the world in the Bible tends to be passed by too quickly in order to relate it to one of the other two worlds.
		A second approach is to study the biblical poetry inductively to surface its implicit literary conventions.
		This article (a) investigates how lyric poetry is treated in the disciplines of literary criticism and pedagogy, (b) isolates the salient distinctives of lyric poetry, particularly in its language and form, and (c) suggests guidelines for interpreting biblical lyric poetry informed by the insights of literary criticism.
	www.biblicalstudies.org.uk /article_lyric_estes.html (6496 words)

	Poetry.org - What is Poetry
		Poetry can be differentiated most of the time from prose, which is language meant to convey meaning in a more expansive and less condensed way, frequently using more complete logical or narrative structures than poetry does.
		By contrast, the chief device of Biblical poetry in ancient Hebrew was parallelism, a rhetorical structure in which successive lines reflected each other in grammatical structure, sound structure, notional content, or all three; a verse form that lent itself to antiphonal or call- and-response performance.
		In preliterate societies, poetry was frequently employed as a means of recording oral history, storytelling (epic poetry), genealogy, law and other forms of expression or knowledge that modern societies might expect to be handled in prose.
	www.poetry.org /whatis.htm (1817 words)

	Biblical poetry -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This does not disqualify the works from being poetry: (English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)) Shakespeare is very sparing in his use of rhyme.
		The rhythm of Hebrew poetry may be similar to that of the German "Nibelungenlied" — a view that is strongly supported by the nature of the songs sung today by the populace of modern (A British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948) Palestine.
		Furthermore, the verse of the Old Testament poetry is naturally (A verse line consisting of iambs) iambic or (Click link for more info and facts about anapestic) anapestic, as the words are accented on one of the final syllables.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/biblical_poetry.htm (2564 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Poetry is a cross-cultural phenomenon: Most cultures distinguish between an everyday type of discourse (prose), and heightened discourse (poetry, and also philosophy).
		Thus Hebrew poetry, unlike its classical English counterpart, has neither (true) rhythm nor rhyme; nevertheless, it is poetic in that it uses certain devices in significant enough concentration to distinguish it from everyday speech, or prose.
		The main characteristic of biblical poetry, nevertheless, is not figuration, but parallelism, in which most poetic lines may be divided into two (or sometimes three) parts; the second part of the line is intimately connected to the first part, and typically seconds it in some way.
	www.anova.org /sev/es/Intro_Poetical.txt (2430 words)

	Read about Biblical poetry at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Biblical poetry and learn about Biblical poetry here! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Numbers 21:17-20; and a song or chant ("shir") is, according to the primary meaning of the term, poetry.
		The rhythm of Hebrew poetry may be similar to that of the German "Nibelungenlied" — a view that is strongly supported by the nature of the songs sung today by the populace of modern
		Latin poetry, this change was intended to symbolize the idea that a strenuous advance in life is followed by fatigue or reaction.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Biblical_poetry (3084 words)

	Poetry of the Bible p.2
		Biblical poems seldom follow this pattern exactly, and so one cannot be sure whether Hebrew poetry actually had a system of meter in Old Testament times.
		The grammar, vocabulary, and imagery of the poetry throughout the Bible have remarkable parallels to Ugaritic poetry.
		In spite of these similarities, biblical poetry is distinguished by its superior elegance, artistic expression, and moral and religious concepts.
	www.angelfire.com /sc3/we_dig_montana/Poetryp2.html (3109 words)

	Hebrew Poetry
		Adopting this account of poetry as criticism, it may unhesitatingly be affirmed that the Hebrew Scriptures contain a goodly amount of genuine poetry; see the Psalms, Job, Canticles, etc. It is strange but true that poetical is older than prose written composition.
		Notwithstanding the undoubted fact that poetry is largely represented in the Bible, it is noteworthy that this species of Bible literature was almost wholly ignored until the 18th century.
		Biblical poetry lacks therefore such close adherence to formal rules as that which characterizes Greek, Arabic or English poetry.
	www.bible-researcher.com /hebrew-poetry.html (4768 words)

	Easy Encyclopedia - Online Encyclopedia. Knowledge is Power
		This article is concered with 'Biblical poetry, specifically poetry in the Hebrew Bible.
		17; and a song or chant ("shir") is, according to the primary meaning of the term, poetry.
		Such free rhythms are, in the present writer's opinion, found also in the poetry of the Old Testament.
	www.easyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/biblical_poetry.html (2969 words)

	FROM LINE TO STORY IN BIBLICAL VERSE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Perhaps the greatest peculiarity of biblical poetry among the litera- tures of the ancient Mediterranean world is its seeming avoidance narrative.
		The biblical prose narratives, by contrast, constantly make use of the boldest summaries, alternately speeding up narrative tempo through summary and slowing it down (usually, through extended dialogue), and thus convey a sense of controlled uneven jumps in time which help embody the narrator's subtle interpretive perspective on his own materials.
		Biblical Israel was compelled to win a purchase on life in the harshest historical circumstances, first wresting its inheritance by conquest, then persisting in the face of hostile neighbors, at the geographical crossroads of great and often ruthless empires.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/publications/poetics/alter/alter.html (6831 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 39, No. 2 - July 1982 - BOOK REVIEW - The Idea of Biblical Poetry: Parallelism and Its History
		The systematic investigation of biblical poetry has seen a revival in recent years, as evidenced by the publication of several important works, all of which move beyond analysis of individual poetic texts to try to define or describe the phenomenon of Hebrew poetry, or some fundamental aspect of it.
		He begins by recognizing that the basic feature of many biblical genres, especially songs but also most sayings, proverbs, laws, laments, blessings, curses, etc., is "the recurrent use of a relatively short sentence-form that consists of two brief clauses" which manifest a feeling of correspondence between them (pp.
		If we can speak of biblical "poetry," it must be understood not as a style distinguished by meter and parallelism but as "a complex of heightening effects used in combinations and intensities that vary widely from composition to composition even within a single 'genre'" (p.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /oct1982/v39-3-bookreview5.htm (1027 words)

	My Jewish Learning: The Poetic Writings
		Many biblical books are written entirely or mostly in verse, including most of the books of prophecy, Proverbs, Job, The Song of Songs, Psalms, and Lamentations.
		English poetry between the 1500's and 1900 called for lines in one of several kinds of meter, patterned rhymes at the ends of lines, and division into stanzas.
		Like poetry in other traditions, biblical poetry employs techniques for conveying meaning beyond the literal sense of the words, putting across the poem's message more effectively, make it easier to set to music and remember, and entertaining or moving its hearer.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /texts/bible/TO_Writings_2140/PoeticWritings.htm (1418 words)

	Eric Reymond, PHD proposal, A Structural Analysis of Ben Sira 40:11- 44:15
		I propose a study of this poetry focusing in particular on the poems attested in the Masada fragments, borrowing from recent methods of poetic analysis.
		Biblical poetry is not amenable to what most term metrical analysis.
		Used by D. Freedman ("Pottery, Poetry and Prophecy," Journal of Biblical Literature 96 [1977]: 5-26) and indicated experimentally by Pardee (Pardee, VTS 39 [1988], 71; idem, "Structure," Maarav 5-6 [1990]: 242; idem, "Accrostics and Parallelism: the Parallelistic Structure of Psalm 111," Maarav 8 [1992]: 119).
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/RA/DISPROP/Reymond_diss.html (5660 words)

	The Key to Biblical Poetry
		And we shall see that the most important poetic effects in biblical poetry can be appreciated even in an English translation.
		However, the key to appreciating biblical poetry, and indeed most of the ancient Near Eastern poetry, is none of these.
		Biblical scholars have compiled extensive analysis of the grammatical, phonological, lexical and semantic changes used in moving from one line to the next.
	www.wcg.org /lit/bible/poet/poetry.htm (704 words)

	Untitled Document
		There are biblical scholars who deny that there is a hard distinction which allows us to identify some books or passages in the Bible as poetry.
		By contrast the "Is" (or sometimes "we") who speak in biblical poetry are strongly identified and make no secret of their attitudes, hopes and fears.
		Biblical narrative presents the speech of characters in ways that help us build up a picture of what they "are like", so their speeches reflect this, a pompous person sounds pompous, a proud one sounds proud...
	www.bible.gen.nz /0/poetry.htm (1499 words)

	Probing Scripture: The New Biblical Critics
		One impetus to the interest in biblical narrative was the creation in the 1960s and ‘70s or departments of religious studies in nondenominational colleges and public universities.
		Biblical scholars, anthropologists and literary theorists were quick to apply these approaches to the Bible.
		But African-American biblical hermeneutics has also attended to texts and issues that have been important to the lives of the African-American community: for instance, the Exodus narratives, the place of slavery in Israelite and early Christian reflection, and the preaching of Jesus.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2179 (3721 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - PARALLELISM IN HEBREW POETRY:
		But even before that Ibn Ezra and Ḳimḥi had characterized this feature of Hebrew poetry by the expression "kaful" ("doubling") or, more fully, "kefel 'inyan be-millot shonot" ("doubling of the thought with other words").
		In the oldest post-Biblical Hebrew poetic productions extant, that is, the liturgy, the principle of parallelism is existent, though not exhibiting the regularity and symmetry of the Biblical poetry.
		The parallelism is so inwrought in the nature of Hebrew poetry that it can not be lost in translation; and to this fact is perhaps due not in a small measure the fact that the poetry of the Old Testament has become the common property of mankind.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=67&letter=P (1608 words)

	Fellowship of Christian Poets - Newsletter
		Father’s Day is never-the less a biblical concept because it honors our father for all the good and all the blessings we have enjoyed because he lives or did live and begot us.
		If you are a product of a dysfunctional family and find it hard this Father’s Day to honor your earthly father, focus on the Biblical command in the ten commandments to honor thy Mother and Father and look to all the blessings of life granted you by God as a result of being born.
		The gifting of poetry, now emerging inside of you, is part of the “All of this.” It is that which your heavenly Father has dropped into your spirit.
	www.christianpoets.com /newsletter/infocus (1371 words)

	[No title]
		I cannot over-emphasize that your presence in the classroom is fundamental to your progress in appreciating and understanding biblical poetry.
		The course is designed to demonstrate that this material is poetry, and to develop a poetic hermeneutic that encourages and enables us to appreciate, understand, respond to, and proclaim this portion of divine revelation as poetry.
		Be sure that you understand their discussion of metre in biblical poetry, which is far superior to Bullock’s.
	www.biblical.edu /images/equip/PDFs/OT552F-Putnam.doc (4008 words)

	How We Learn, Why We Learn: The Poetic Aim in Talmud Torah - Kol HaMevaser
		Biblical poetry: the very juxtaposition of these two words seems to arouse a peculiar excitement in modern students of Judaism.
		Poetry gives a voice to our deepest encounters with the real, and through the written word, gives life to our brushes with the infinite.
		Marc Strand describes poetry in a similar light: “With good poems they have a lyric identity that goes beyond whatever their subject happens to be.
	media.www.yucommentator.com /media/storage/paper652/news/2007/11/05/KolHamevaser/How-We.Learn.Why.We.Learn.The.Poetic.Aim.In.Talmud.Torah-3079248.shtml (1818 words)

	Frances-Henry Library: Exhibits & Library Guides
		Biblical songs of praise and thanksgiving, or modern Yiddish poetry; medieval religious and erotic poems, or Hasidic melodies and Jewish folk songs; pioneering musical renditions of revived Hebrew poetry or Israeli Rock ‘N Roll - Jewish poetic forms from around the world were, and still are, constantly adorned by a variety of musical compositions.
		Biblical verse has found musical expression in many areas of Jewish life and culture, from Sabbath liturgies to Jewish campfire sing-a-longs and Israeli folk-dancing.
		The early poetry of the Land of Israel became a source of inspiration to pioneering musicians, as does modern Israeli poetry to punk, rock and hip-hop performers and composers of today.
	www.huc.edu /libraries/exhibits/poems_songs/poemsongs.htm (712 words)

	Oxford University Press
		The aim of the series is to introduce the biblical literature to the general reader and the writer's knowledge, literary appreciation and the clarity which has earned her a deserved reputation as teacher in Oxford, make her ideally suited to the task.' Rex Mason, Theology, March/April 1995
		Much of this poetry suggests an earlier setting in the life of the people - from a more popular family or clan setting as well as the official royal court, and from local outlying sanctuaries as well as at the Temple in Jerusalem.
		Hence although these biblical poems should be understood primarily as ancient literary texts, many also have a setting in life beyond the text, offering a broader framework of reference on account of their pre-literary history.
	www.oup.com /ca/isbn/0-19-213243-1 (664 words)

	Theology Today - Vol 43, No.4 - January 1987 - BOOK NOTES - The Art of Biblical Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The author's earlier work, The Art of Biblical Narrative, has had a large impact on biblical studies and established itself as a basic work in the literary study of the Bible.
		Alter's focus is on the phenomenon of parallelism and the types of movement from one part or colon of the line to the next.
		Along with James Kugel's The Idea of Biblical Poetry, Alter's book will be of great help to those who not only want to understand the nature of biblical poetry, but also want to be sensitive to the interpretive possibilities that reside in that poetry.
	theologytoday.ptsem.edu /jan1987/v43-4-booknotes3.htm (212 words)

	The Quiet Corner
		Some articles on biblical poetry found in two Bible translations are then pointed out, and the problem of translated poetry is briefly discussed.
		This will be followed later on by an explanation of the characteristics of biblical prose and poetry and finally, examples of each as found in the books of the scriptures will be treated.
		A biblical text resonates to the measure that the mind of the reader is in syntony with its language.
	www.geocities.com /abetesme/page1.html (902 words)

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