
	Where results make sense

Topic: Bicameralism

Related Topics

Upper house

Lower house

House of Representatives

List of national legislatures

House of Lords

House of Councillors of Japan

Congress of the United States

Unicameral parliament

British House of Commons

Diet of Japan

Parliament of the United Kingdom

Senate

United Kingdom House of Commons

Japanese Diet

Parliament

	Bicameralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the ideas on which bicameralism is based can be traced back to the theories developed in ancient Greece, ancient India, and Rome, recognizable bicameral institutions first arose in medieval Europe where they were associated with separate representation of different estates of the realm.
		The bicameral system, therefore, is a method of combining the principle of democratic equality with the principle of federalism — all votes are equal in the lower houses, while all states are equal in the upper houses.
		The Diet of Japan is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives (衆議院; Shūgi-in) as the lower house and the House of Councillors (参議院; Sangi-in) as the upper house.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bicameralism (1775 words)

	Bicameralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although the ideas on which bicameralism is based can be traced back to the theories developed in ancient Greece and Rome, recognizable bicameral institutions first arose in medieval Europe where they were associated with separate representation of different estates of the realm.
		The bicameral system, therefore, is a method of combining the principle of democratic equality with the principle of federalism — all votes are equal in the lower houses, while all states are equal in the upper houses.
		The Diet of Japan is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives (衆議院;; Shūgi-in) as the lower house and the House of Councillors (参議院; Sangi-in) as the upper house.
	www.redondobeach.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Bicameral (1177 words)

	Bicameralism (psychology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In psychology, bicameralism is a controversial theory asserting that the human brain once assumed a state known as a bicameral mind in which cognitive functions are divided between one part of the brain which appears to be "speaking" and a second part that listens and obeys.
		It suggested that the bicameral mind was the natural state of the human mind as recently as 3000 years ago.
		Jaynes believes that the bicameral mental commands were at some point believed to be issued by "gods"—so often recorded in ancient myths, legends and historical accounts—were in fact emanating from individuals' own minds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bicameralism_(psychology) (1095 words)

	[No title]
		Bicameralism is, for the purpose of this article, defined as that system of organisation of the legislative arm of the state into a deliberative body having two chambers, which generally deliberate and vote upon proposed legislation separately.
		The origins of modern bicameralism are found in the division of the English Parliament into the Lords and the Commons, and the medieval notion that society consisted of well-defined groups or classes who should be represented separately.
		Bicameralism in England so came to be regarded as the natural system that it was not even mentioned in the crowning glory of the triumph of English constitutionalism, namely the Bill of Rights and Revolution Settlement of 1688/89.
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v9n3/preece93.txt (7193 words)

	Globalism and bicameralism
		Bicameral man was not fully conscious in the sense of being able to reason, but he could perform most functions required for primitive tribal existence.
		Bicamerals are now gaining prominence among the judiciary, a line of work which, because of the need to understand and apply legal principles (concepts), more than any other requires the ability to think conceptually -- that is if concepts like ‘justice’, ‘fairness’ and ‘impartiality’ and ‘consistency’ are to remain pillars of the justice system.
		Bicamerals are dedicated to the destruction of individualism, the nuclear family, and Christianity whose cardinal sin was to teach that God created men as individuals, not tribes, in His own image.
	www.gwb.com.au /gwb/news/economic/190799.htm (3633 words)

	Bicameralism: Introduction
		Further, the singular features of the bicameralism finally adopted by the Philadelphia Convention perhaps owed as much to the suspicions, bordering on hostility, between the larger and smaller states of America as to the purely principled grounds for bicameralism.
		The opposing argument is typically not so much a case for unicameralism as a case against bicameralism, and it suffers the fate of negative arguments.
		For the most part bicameralism was taken for granted and became part of the given background to the Philadelphia Convention's debate on the principle of representation in the upper house.
	press-pubs.uchicago.edu /founders/documents/v1ch12I.html (2028 words)

	Bicameralism in Africa and the Arab world
		In the middle of the twentieth century, bicameralism was widely decried as a method of parliamentary organisation.
		Countries in transition may see bicameralism as an instrument allowing short term stability to be afforded, and democracy to be strengthened in the long term, by playing on the range of parameters characterising second chambers.
		In this sense, bicameralism is perfectly egalitarian, as seen in Jordan or, subject to the foregoing restrictions, in Liberia and Lesotho.
	www.senat.fr /senatsdumonde/bicamerafrica2001english.html (3394 words)

	Rule of Law Through Technology : Level 4 Page
		Kurgyzstan has also adopted a bicameral system in the post-communist era and, perhaps in part due to vagueness in the constitutional text itself, and legislators are still addressing the problem of resolving differences in legislative texts adopted by the two chambers.
		Similarly, in 1950, after 96 years of a bicameral legislature, New Zealand converted to a unicameral system because of a consensus that the appointed upper house was politically and legislatively irrelevant.
		In sum, bicameral legislatures tend to be found in larger and more heterogeneous countries and unicameral legislatures in relatively small and homogeneous countries.
	pbosnia.kentlaw.edu /services/albania/legal/concept/bicunic.htm (747 words)

	The Bicameralism System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And, since the basis of the Bicameral System is based on giving the choice to the multi-political system to represent all kinds of groups from different popular, social and political strata in the legislative branch; it is possible to involve the different kinds of demands by increasing the popular participation.
		In addition, this system, the Bicameral System is the best political system that is suitable to involve and evolve with all social development, and economic changes for countries in the present and in the future.
		The Bicameral System is based on the expansion, framing, and the popular participation by popular representation for all kinds of regions according to the percentage of its populace.
	www.shoora.gov.ye /eng_conf_papr2.htm (1994 words)

	Bicameral - dKosopoedia
		Although the ideas on which bicameralism is based can be traced back to the theories developed in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, recognisable bicameral institutions first arose in medieval Europe where they were associated with separate representation of different estates of the realm.
		A particular risk of bicameralism is that almost all legislature is adopted in final form by a closed door conference committee between the two legislative bodies with no "fingerprints" of the responsible legislator, rather than in the deliberative process of Parliamentary Procedure on the floor of a legislative body.
		Because conference committee proposals typically cannot be amended, this leaves legsilators with a Hobson's choice in voting on such legislation, even if they are aware of the pork and other negative provisions inserted in conference committee (which is often, itself, not the case).
	www.dkosopedia.com /index.php/Bicameral (791 words)

	Bicameralism in the Czech Republic
		The bicameral structure of Parliament was first mentioned during the ”Spring of Nations” in 1848.
		After World War II, the bicameral structure of Parliament was not given a serious thought (inefficient pre-war Senate, unwillingness to balance powers on the part of members of the strengthening Communist Party, etc.).
		The principle of decision-making in the bicameral Parliament is the basic attribute of the Czech Constitution’s rigidity.
	www.senat.cz /zajimavosti/bikameralismus-eng.html (9820 words)

	John O. McGinnis, Presidential Review as Constitutional Restoration, 51 Duke L. J. 901 (2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The requirements of bicameralism and presentment often delay lawmaking because of disagreement between the chambers or because of a presidential veto.
		Therefore, bicameralism ultimately must be justified because: (1) the hurdles it places in the way of regulation are in the public interest overall; and (2) it is impossible to define a more limited category of legislation to which bicameralism would apply.
		Thus, the case for bicameralism for laws that apply additional regulations may be stronger than it previously was because there are reasons to suspect that the mix of regulations under majority rule may be more inefficient overall than it was at the time of the Framers.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dlj/articles/DLJ51P901.HTM (17586 words)

	Forum of the World's Senates
		The purpose of bicameralism is, of course, to avoid the confrontation between the executive and a single assembly, in other words, to avoid confusing the parliament with the government in parliamentary régimes dominated by the will of the majority, without a separate body as a counterweight.
		Bicameralism persisted throughout the existence of the Soviet Union and was reaffirmed by the Constitution of 1993.
		Although bicameralism remains total for all matters relating to the Constitution, institutions and the judiciary, the Senate has a right of evocation (ie, a right to call up bills for examination): it may adopt as such, amend or reject a bill voted by the Chamber of Representatives, which nevertheless has the last word.
	www.senat.fr /senatsdumonde/english/cri1.html (10794 words)

	Senators Credit Democracy For Growing Of Bicameral System
		The senators observed that the spread of bicameralism reflected a growing desire to consolidate as well as develop democratic regimes through diversification of representation.
		Bicameralism provided a more satisfactory framework for the process of decentralisation under which issues of relations between local and central authorities could be addressed more effectively.
		The senators said bicameralism was necessary as a modern means of ensuring the separation of powers without which a society has no constitutional basis.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archive/000315103.htm (437 words)

	E Law: The Development of Bicameral Parliamentary Systems - Text
		Consequently, it is the unique, and largely accidental, English route to bicameralism which has proved to be the model and inspiration for almost all the bicameral legislatures of today, either directly or indirectly.
		For example in many bicameral legislatures the furnishings are green in the lower house and red in the upper house.
		The division into Lords and Commons, by concentrating those sympathetic to authoritarian rule into the upper house was probably crucial in enabling the Commons on behalf of parliament as a whole, to effectively challenge royal power in the 17th century.
	www.murdoch.edu.au /elaw/issues/v9n3/preece93_text.html (6425 words)

	Association of European Senates - The Senates and the Quality of Legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Association of European Senates was founded in Paris on November 8th 2000 by delegations of the Upper Houses of 12 countries with the aims of promoting bicameralism in the framework of parliamentary democracy, and strengthening of European identity and awareness.
		Today, this pure and integral bicameralism only remains in force for part of the legislation: the Constitution and laws concerning the organisation of the State, the institutions, jurisdiction and international treaties that must moreover be examined by the Senate as a matter of priority.
		Bicameralism, however, becomes egalitarian for "organic laws relative to the Senate", which have to be voted on the same terms by the two assemblies without the possibility of a "final say" by the National Assembly.
	www.senate.be /doc/misc/seneurop_13-11-2001_en.html (20543 words)

	Jointly or separately - INQ7.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In earlier debates regarding this issue, it had already been argued that when Congress proposes amendments, it acts as a constituent assembly and, therefore, it is not bound by the normal rules that govern Congress.
		Bicameralism means two houses acting autonomously and occasionally checking each other.
		The two houses, therefore, should act as a bicameral legislature—voting separately, able to check each other, and not reduced to one monstrous body marching to the same drumbeat.
	news.inq7.net /opinion/index.php?index=2&story_id=46911&col=136 (1000 words)

	SENATEUROPE Previous meetings
		The bicameral system is not an old tradition in Slovenia, and so we have been all the more attentive to the experience and advice of States which have used this system for a long time.
		In all the countries where it is practised, bicameralism has two main virtues: it allows more varied representation of the population, and it ensures better examination of legislation.
		Chairman, to remind us in your introduction that not only does the bicameral system give better representation of territorial entities in our various States, but it is also an absolutely basic component of democracy of itself, because it allows the rest of society to judge legislation before it is passed.
	www.senateurope.org /eng/08112000.html (7843 words)

	FEEM
		The approach is based on the estimation of a stochastic bargaining model which we use to investigate the effects of specific institutional features of parliamentary democracy on the formation and stability of coalition governments.
		Our main findings are that eliminating bicameralism does not affect government durability, but does have a significant effect on the composition of governments leading to smaller coalitions.
		These results are due to an equilibrium replacement effect: removing bicameralism affects the relative durability of coalitions of different sizes which in turn induces changes in the coalitions that are chosen in equilibrium.
	www.feem.it /Feem/Pub/Publications/WPapers/WP2004-080.htm (155 words)

	Free-Essays.us - Australian Bicameralism
		Bicameralism in Australia has a long history dating back to the pre-Federation colonial parliaments.
		That the Legislative Councils and the Senate perform the vital role of double checking legislation from the lower houses is a central tenant of bicameralism as an ideal.
		Australian bicameralism is an outmoded and obsolete system that impedes the exercise of democratic freedoms and is adverse to change.
	www.free-essays.us /dbase/c8/txi139.shtml (1275 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		THE THEORY OF BICAMERALISM • argued for the principle of tripartite government, composed of a legislative, executive, and judicial branch.
		THE THEORY OF BICAMERALISM • Because people were imperfect, Montesciuieu reasoned, they might employ their governing institutions to oppress others.
		The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature inot different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different priciples of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit.
	www.tamiu.edu /~jnorris/Bicameralism.txt (257 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)