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Topic: Big Five (orchestras)

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	8. Trumpet Traditions II (Battery Parts)
		Therefore, it would seem logical to assert that ensemble discipline would require the latter instruments, when playing the same rhythmic accompaniment parts in classical period music as the tympani, defer to the note duration restrictions endemic to the instrument that is hit to make its sound.
		In a dry studio setting it could be one second or less, while, at the opposite end of the spectrum, a cathedral could have five+ seconds of reverberation time*.
		Whether this is the result of conscious efforts by the performers beyond simply using their ears and applying good musicianship, or whether it is part of particular orchestras’ traditions passed from generation to generation, (the old “this is how we do it here” b.s.) is anyone’s guess.
	www.thomasstevensmusic.com /artman/publish/article_53.shtml (428 words)

	Big Five (orchestras)
		The term "Big Five" is a seemingly unchangeable relic of the time in which it was created, coined in an era coincident with the advent of long-playing recordings, the expansion of regular orchestral radio broadcasts, and annual concert series in New York City by all five orchestras.
		The "Big Three" label was still in prominent widespread use in 1958 (''Newsweek'', February 17), but Cleveland (under George Szell 's direction) and Chicago (under Fritz Reiner) were being noticed to have gained considerable artistic ground.
		The term "Big Five" is today considered by many to be outdated, but its use has become so common and its meaning so synonymous with the quality of achievement that so many American orchestras strive for, that its use now continues well past the specifics of why it became fashionable and meaningful.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Big_Five_(orchestras) (416 words)

	The Lebrecht Weekly - Bucks stop here -- The Biggest Need Not Be the Best
		THE international concert circuit revolves around the assumption that there are three crack orchestras in Europe - in Berlin, Vienna and Amsterdam - and five in America, where the mighty handful are commonly known as the Big Five.
		The Big Five were supposedly the richest outfits, namely: Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, New York and Philadelphia.
		The same orchestra is on the point of signing Riccardo Muti as music director for a record emolument expected to be in the region of $2 million.
	www.scena.org /columns/lebrecht/000705-NL-big.html (735 words)

	classical music - andante - tradition tells &##151; and sells
		Though the glib reason for the Philadelphia Orchestra's lush sound is compensation for the dry acoustics at the Academy of Music, some players say it's more about the kind of pressure they apply with their bows, or the softer attacks used by the brass instruments.
		The orchestra got better, but Rostropovich proved to be a conductor of extremely limited repertoire (well, he could conduct Mozart, but it was awful) and cultivated a strident string sound that only suited his core repertoire (Prokofiev and Shostakovich).
		Big Five status - conceptually speaking - is never the work of one conductor, but of a succession of them; that's why these orchestras can survive less congenial chief conductor relationships and come out of artistic hibernation when those conductors leave.
	andante.com /article/article.cfm?id=10599&highlight=1&...&lstKeywords= (1522 words)

	Symphony orchestras open repertoire to play the blues Insight on the News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Five orchestras already have reached agreements this year -- in some cases several months before their existing contracts expired.
		The league represents 1,800 orchestras ranging in size from the Boston Philharmonic, with a budget of $40 million, to community orchestras with budgets of $25,000.
		Orchestras have to be innovative, asserts the American Symphony League's McAuliffe: "The absence of recording contracts has prompted orchestras to look for new solutions," he says.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_n42_v13/ai_19986882 (819 words)

	Big Five (orchestras) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the context of classical music in America, the Big Five refers to a group of five specific symphony orchestras considered to be the most prominent, significant, and accomplished ensembles when the term gained widespread use by music critics and journalists in the late 1950s.
		The "Big Three" label was still in prominent widespread use in 1958 (Newsweek, February 17), but Cleveland (under George Szell's direction) and Chicago (under Fritz Reiner) were being noticed to have gained considerable artistic ground.
		The evidence of recordings and reviews suggests that several orchestras have at times risen to this exalted level of performance, with today's San Francisco Symphony and Los Angeles Philharmonic, and the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra of the 1980s and '90s, most frequently mentioned or praised by music critics nationally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Big_Five_(orchestras) (453 words)

	PlaybillArts: News: Three of 'Big Five' Orchestras Opt Out of New American Federation of Musicians Recording Pact
		The Boston Symphony Orchestra will not be participating in the new pact negotiated last week between U.S. orchestras and the American Federation of Musicians regarding the recording of live concerts for commercial release on CD and downloads, reports the Boston Globe.
		Orchestras including the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the Saint Louis Symphony, the Minnesota Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Philadelphia Orchestra, as well as the San Francisco Opera and the Houston Grand Opera, signed up for the agreement; the Cleveland Orchestra and Chicago Symphony, along with the Boston Symphony, did not participate.
		The agreement represents direct negotiation between orchestras and the American Federation of Musicians with regards to payment, whereas earlier agreements covered studio recordings and were negotiated between unions and record companies.
	www.playbillarts.com /news/article/5046.html (496 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Living / Arts / Levine's three challenges with the BSO
		Excitement is running high: Four of America's big five orchestras courted Levine, and the BSO got him.
		This is the way orchestras were seated in the 19th century and well into the 20th, the way composers expected their music to be projected.
		But five of Levine's programs feature the orchestra alone, without soloists; the BSO is not the backup band but the star.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/living/articles/2004/10/17/levines_three_challenges_with_the_bso?pg=full (1681 words)

	90.3 WCPN®: Spotlight
		You see what makes our orchestra so great is that while the audience listens to the orchestra perform, the players are listening to themselves like the musicians of a chamber string quartet paying strict attention to every single note.
		DR–I was astonished by the clarity of the orchestra and the vibrancy.
		He also took the orchestra on its first European tour in 1957 that was a crucial event in the orchestra's history.
	www.wcpn.org /spotlight/news/0929orchestra.html (2855 words)

	Floridian: Orchestras face the music: Conductors are scarce
		The New York Philharmonic, the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Boston Symphony Orchestra are all seeking to fill pending music director vacancies.
		He or (still rarely) she is expected to do everything from schmoozing with big donors to championing music education in the community to putting an appealing face and personality on the somewhat anonymous identity of a symphony orchestra.
		But the orchestra's next music director needs to have more connection to the community than simply being seen in the concert hall on eight to 10 weekends a year.
	www.sptimes.com /News/090300/Floridian/Orchestras_face_the_m.shtml (1268 words)

	Classical Mythology 101
		The subject is symphony orchestras, and it's a notion that refuses to die.
		Generally, a writer may accept the constitution of the Five as is. Sometimes, a critic will call for the addition of a Big Sixth (oftentimes, the band in the writer's immediate locale).
		Several orchestras including the ones in Pittsburgh, Seattle, Minnesota and Dallas have passed or are approaching the century mark.
	www.angelfire.com /music2/davidbundler/myth5.html (339 words)

	Princeton - Weekly Bulletin 2/12/01 - Blind auditions key to hiring musicians
		Efforts to conceal the identities of musicians auditioning for spots in symphony orchestras significantly boost the chances of women to succeed, a study co-written by a Princeton economist suggests.
		To overcome bias, most major U.S. orchestras began to broaden and democratize their hiring procedures in the 1970s and 1980s, advertising openings, allowing orchestra members to participate in hiring decisions and implementing blind auditions in which musicians audition behind a screen that conceals their identities but does not alter sound.
		In their study, Rouse and Goldin examined lists of personnel from 11 major orchestras, including the Big Five, and actual accounts of the hiring process maintained by personnel managers in eight major orchestras.
	www.princeton.edu /pr/pwb/01/0212/7b.shtml (744 words)

	Big five - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the UN was formed in 1945, these five comprised a majority of the world's population, military might, and wealth, with the British Empire alone having nearly a quarter of the world's population.
		Big Five is a colloquial term for the members of the defacto Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China pre-1956.
		The Big Five was the informal name given to the top 5 players on the PGA Tour of America - Tiger Woods, Vijay Singh, Ernie Els, Retief Goosen and Phil Mickelson - from the end of 2004 until the beginning of 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Big_five (805 words)

	Endowment
		This is not unusual — all major American symphony orchestras face the challenge of earning enough to cover at least half their operating expenses, and all of us rely on contributed income through annual giving and endowments to balance expenses with income.
		The Philadelphia Orchestra has a relatively small endowment compared to America’s other “Big Five” orchestras — whose endowments are three to four times the size of their operating budgets.
		The Orchestra currently spends 6.25 percent of the endowment’s average market value annually to cover 14 percent of its operating expenses.
	www.philorch.org /styles/poa02/www/endowment.html (349 words)

	Count Basie at the Blue Room
		Count Basie and his powerful driving orchestra have begun an engagement at the Blue Room of the Lincoln, their first hotel run in New York and their first local cafe appearance since they were at the Cafe
		The nucleus of this band, which was organized five years ago, is still intact.
		Five by Five." Another soloist is Thelma Carpenter, a Harlem songbird sophisticated in appearance and delivery whose song draws appreciation from a hep crowd.
	www.bigbandsandbignames.com /basie.html (438 words)

	classical music - andante - america's "big five" orchestras
		Strangely enough, I have no reservation about naming the American "Big One." For clarity, finesse, versatility, fluency of ensemble and overall musical integrity, Christoph von DohnÃ¡nyi's Cleveland Orchestra is unmatched in the United States; its only immediate rival is Vienna.
		The retirement of a splendid conductor can have a devastating effect on any orchestra (on the basis of the five or six performances I've heard, the Berlin Philharmonic has never been quite the same since the death of Herbert von Karajan).
		In short, the United States is a big country and we have a lot of fine orchestras.
	www.andante.com /article/article.cfm?ID=10611 (830 words)

	Larger audiences? University music faculties can help American Music Teacher - Find Articles
		Our orchestras across the country and Canada are fighting (and sometimes losing) the annual and continuing battle of the budget.
		Not only are most large and small orchestras struggling with deficits, but some have declared bankruptcy or simply closed down, selling libraries, equipment and instruments to satisfy creditors.
		The orchestras of Rochester and Buffalo are considering combining their resources (a project proposed--and rejected--years ago).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2493/is_4_54/ai_n9510983 (837 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Features -- Great expectations
		The Big Five – consisting of the Boston Symphony, Chicago Symphony, Cleveland Orchestra, New York Philharmonic and Philadelphia Orchestra – are the country's legendary orchestras.
		Like other members of the Big Five, the philharmonic was established with the help and support of European immigrants, whose families, according to Phelps, were "steeped in the tradition of classical music, which was handed down from generation to generation."
		As the orchestra continues to enhance its ties to the community, there can be little doubt of Ling's positive impact on the orchestra, particularly when it comes to bringing in new players and raising the artistic standard.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/features/20050410-9999-1a10symph.html (1970 words)

	japanreviews.html
		But in the case of this particular orchestra, which retains a sense of local colour in the best possible sense of the term, one is able to relax in the realisation that the orchestra possesses a well-rooted attribute of upright sincerity.
		The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra is fast catching up with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic, which are now on the same level as the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the other members of the big five among American orchestras.
		The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra is a distinguished orchestra established in 1895 in the state of Ohio.
	home.earthlink.net /~sandrikasaw/japanreviews.html (2916 words)

	Item Description
		When Szell began his tenure with The Cleveland Orchestra in October 1946, the ensemble was already a solid orchestra of national standing, but the quality of the orchestra had slipped during the World War II years.
		Under Szell's supreme musicianship and high standards, and due to increased recording and touring, The Cleveland Orchestra came to be included among the "Big Five" symphony orchestras in the United States by the late 1950s.
		The Cleveland Orchestra's first concert was a benefit for St. Ann's Parish (in Cleveland Heights) at Grays Armory on December 11, 1918.
	worlddmc.ohiolink.edu /OMP/NewDetails?oid=1756892 (304 words)

	Big Deal Tonight at Carnegie Hall - October 25, 2004 - The New York Sun
		But what is a big deal is that he will be conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and as its music director.
		For that matter, he has stood before major orchestras all his life, notably the Berlin Philharmonic, the Vienna Philharmonic, and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
		Here he has a chance to put his stamp on one of America's "Big Five" orchestras, and not just in the hot months.
	www.nysun.com /article/3681 (703 words)

	CONCERT REVIEW: An Evening of Giants: Mahler, Barenboim, and the CSO -- Chicago Symphony Orchestra Graces Symphony Hall ...
		Though we Bostonians can boast about hosting one of the so-called “Big Five” orchestras, those “who know” know that a world of difference separates Chicago’s orchestra from our BSO; furthermore, the Chicago Symphony is arguably at its best when it plays the symphonies of Gustav Mahler.
		The orchestra and audience both start at “point A” and finish at “point B,” but the beauty is that the path of least resistance is not taken.
		The highly programmatic nature of Mahler’s music is evoked in the second movement as well, with snare drums and intentionally out-of-rhythm orchestral bells aiming to sound not simply like their own instruments but perhaps an army and cowbells, respectively.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V121/N55/Chicago_Symphon.55a.html (929 words)

	Sandow:
		Last week I learned that ticket sales for the Big Five orchestras haven't declined all that much in the past 10 years (though this year's, people tell me, are troubling, and I don't know what the decline might be for all professional orchestras).
		Because orchestras sell fewer subscriptions, or, to put this more precisely, the percentage of tickets sold in subscriptions has been steadily declining.
		But now orchestras have to market subscription sales; they have to invent new, shorter, more varied subscription packages; they have to find ways to market single tickets.
	www.artsjournal.com /sandow/2004/12/a_dire_statistic.html (1193 words)

	NewMusicBox
		As American orchestras come to terms with dwindling, aging audiences, music directors are increasingly called upon to roll up their sleeves and develop bolder, more inventive ways of awakening the public’s appetite for orchestral music.
		In the upcoming seasons, each of the “Big Five” orchestras welcome new music directors to their podiums.
		They are: Franz Welser-Möst (Cleveland Orchestra), Christoph Eschenbach (Philadelphia Orchestra), Lorin Maazel (New York Philharmonic), Daniel Barenboim (Chicago Symphony), and, for argument’s sake, James Levine, who leads the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and is rumored to be in line to replace the departing Seiji Ozawa at the Boston Symphony.
	www.newmusicbox.org /article.nmbx?id=1237 (558 words)

	Financial picture getting a little brighter for Pittsburgh Symphony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the last contract negotiation in 2003, PSO managers and musicians assessed how local salaries compared with those of musicians at the Big Five orchestras, all of which are considered peers of the PSO.
		The payment of 95 percent of the average salary of those four peer orchestras in 2005-06 will represent a "return to normalcy" for the musicians, said William S. Hart, chief financial officer of the PSO.
		The orchestra received $14.5 million in earned revenue by the end of its fiscal year, which was Aug. 31.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/04258/378570.stm (825 words)

	Dallas Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall
		The Big Five Orchestras in the USA have been hogging the headlines recently, as they battle over star music directors and conductors.
		A few months ago Andrew Litton, music director of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra, made headlines when he complained that his orchestra was unjustly ignored at the expense of the bigger, richer, more established symphonic ensembles.
		Though the DSO was no worse than many ensembles which visit that august venue, it hardly posed a threat to the Big Five.
	www.scena.org /columns/anson/010209-PA-dallas.html (696 words)

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