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	Pinyon pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pinyon pines (or piñon pines), are a group of pines, which grow in the southwestern United States and Mexico; they yield edible pinyon nuts, which were a staple of the Native Americans, and are still widely eaten.
		Pinus edulis – Colorado Pinyon or Two-needle Pinyon
		It is very important for regeneration of pinyon woods, as it stores large numbers of the seeds in the ground for later use, and excess seeds not used are in an ideal position to grow to form new trees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pinyon_pine (263 words)

	Pine Cones
		Pine cones (herein referring only to the true female cones) have a peduncle (stem) which attaches to the branch (usually the upper branches) of the tree and this continues through the entire length of the cone as the rachis (axis).
		The White Pines (except for the Pinyon Pines) have scales with a terminal umbo (the distal margin of the seed scale is free) and the Yellow Pines and Pinyon Pines have scales with a dorsal umbo (distal margin of the seed scale is appressed).
		In Pinyon Pines (subsection Cembroides) and in the Big-cone Pinyon Pines (subsection Pinceana) the seeds are wingless and in the stone pines (subsection Cembrae) the seed wing is merely a narrow rim..
	lovett-pinetum.org /pinecones.htm (883 words)

	Pine - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The male cones are small,typically 1-5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon asthey have shed their pollen.
		Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; thescales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds.
		The pinyon pines and a number ofothers, notably Turkish Pine, are particularly well adapted to growth inhot, dry semi-desert climates.
	www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Pine (1014 words)

	Pine
		Pines are monoecious, having the male and female cones on the same tree.
		The male cones are small, typically 1-5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their pollen.
		Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; the scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds.
	www.starrepublic.org /encyclopedia/wikipedia/p/pi/pine.html (1039 words)

	Encyclopedia: PiÃ±on pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pinyon pines (or piñon pines), are a group of, in the family Pinaceae.
		pinyon nuts, which were a staple of the Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants.
		Pinus quadrifolia – Binomial name) is a pine in the pinyon pine group, native to southernmost California in the United States and northern Baja California in Mexico, from 33Â° 30 N south to 30Â° 30 N. It occurs at moderate altitudes from 1300-1800 m, rarely as low as 1200 m and as...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pi%F1on-pine (1396 words)

	Pinyon Pine, REGENERATION PROCESSES
		Rodents are qualitatively effective dispersers of singleleaf pinyon seed since they tend to bury seeds under and adjacent to shrubs, whereas avian dispersers tend to cache seeds in interspace environments, a less suitable environment for singleleaf pinyon seedlings.
		Singleleaf pinyon seedlings survive best in the microhabitat provided by nurse plants, where organic matter, nutrient concentrations, relative humidity, water infiltration, and water holding capacity tend to be higher, and irradiance and soil temperatures tend to be lower.
		The ecotones between singleleaf pinyon woodlands and adjacent shrublands and grasslands provide favorable microhabitats for singleleaf pinyon seedling establishment since they are active zones for seed dispersal, nurse plants are available, and singleleaf pinyon seedlings are only affected by competition from grass and other herbaceous vegetation for a couple of years.
	mojavedesert.net /trees/pinus-monophylla/2.00.html (1201 words)

	Pine: pine, pine tree, pine furniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pinyon pines and a number of others, notably Turkish Pine, are particularly well adapted to growth in hot, dry semi-desert climates.
		Some pines are used for christmas trees, and pine cones are also widely used for christmas decorations.
		The soft, moist, white inner bark, or cambium, found clinging to the dead, woody outer bark is edible and very high in vitamins A and C. It can be eaten in slices raw as a snack or dried and ground up into a powder for use as a thickener/flavoring in stews, soups, and other foods.
	encyclopedia.openfun.org /wiki/Pine (1335 words)

	Pine Cones
		The cone bearing the female gametes is larger and is commonly recognized simply as the pine cone, but also can be called the female cone or megasporangiate strobilus.
		These "male cones" are properly called microsporangiate strobili, which is not an easy common usage term.
		A smaller bract scale subtends and merges with the cone scale dorsal surface and is quite inconspicuous.
	www.lovett-pinetum.org /pinecones.htm (883 words)

	botany/pinus
		Usually, cones of two- or three-leaved Pines are more woody than Pines with leaves in groups of five and they are equipped with stiff points; they stay closed longer than the cones with five leaves.
		The cones are about 2 inches in length and mature at the end of the second season.
		The cones mature in the fall of the second season, but often remain on the branches for many years to come.
	www.botany.com /pinus.html (1351 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Pinyon Jay
		Pinyon Jays are distributed primarily through the Great Basin of the west-central United States.
		Pinyon Jays are colonial breeders, but only one or sometimes two or three pairs, nest in a single tree.
		Management of pinyon-juniper habitats in many areas is focused on maintaining or increasing big game populations but the effect of this type of management on Pinyon Jay populations is not well-understood and should be examined.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=159 (784 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Loblolly pine cones Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 19:45, Oct 20, 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
		A cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures.
		There are three main subgenera of Pinus, the subgenus Strobus (White pines or soft pines), the subgenus Ducampopinus (Pinyon, Bristlecone and Lacebark pines), and the subgenus Pinus (Typical pines, or yellow or hard pines).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pine (6277 words)

	Pining for Pines
		Cones to 3" long; cone scales "bristle" with long, stiff, incurved prickles at the tips of the cone scales.
		Cones very large and very heavy, between 8 and 12 inches long, on a long stalk.
		Distinctive, oblique cones bent at the apex; cones occur in whorls on the branches; cones so persistent that some get overgrown by the wood of the tree.
	www.icogitate.com /~tree/pining.ac22.htm (1248 words)

	Classification of the genus Pinus
		In general, cone and cone scale and seed morphology and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology are emphasized and this seems to result in a classification that has subsections of pines that are understandable and usually readily recognized by their general appearance.
		Features: Cones do not open at maturity, but instead are broken up by birds which disperse the seeds (see book #6 in the book list); large seeds with the seed wing reduced to a narrow rim.
		Features: Cones often oblique and mostly remaining closed on the branch long after they are ripe (serotinous); but soon opening in teocote, herrerae, lawsonii, tecunumanii; leaves in fascicles of 2-5.
	lovett-pinetum.org /classification.htm (1256 words)

	Pinyon pine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are eight species of true pinyons ((Type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines) Pinus subsection Cembroides):
		The (additional info and facts about Pinyon Jay) Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) takes its name from the tree, and pinyon nuts form an important part of its diet.
		Images of the cones of all the pinyons and allied pines
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pi/pinyon_pine.htm (307 words)

	Pine Bluff, Arkansas\|Pine Bluff Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many pines are ''uninodal'', producing just one such whorl of branches each year, from buds at the tip of the year's new plant stemshoot, but others are ''multinodal'', producing two or more whorls of branches per year.
		The pinyon pines and a number of others, notably Turkish Pine, are particularly well adapted to growth in hot, dry desertsemi-desert climates.
		* '''Subgenus ''Ducampopinus''''' (pinyon, lacebark and bristlecone pines).
	www.echostatic.com /Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas\|Pine_Bluff.html (1321 words)

	DCQ Winter Solstice '98 - Ventana Double Cone Lookout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Ventana Double Cone Lookout was one of six fire lookout facilities that at one time kept watch over the Monterey Ranger District of the Los Padres National Forest.
		It stood on the southerly summit of the Double Cone, commanding an expansive view that took in the entire Big Sur River watershed, most of the Little Sur River watershed, and much of the Carmel River watershed.
		The lookout facility was decommissioned in the mid 1960's, the structure catching fire by lightening strike and burning to the ground shortly thereafter.
	www.ventanawild.org /news/ws98/dclook.html (236 words)

	Pinus; Pines
		Male and female flowers are separate structures: the female flowers are the structures that will eventually become the familiar cones containing the seeds, and male flowers release pollen, which is then captured by the female cones.
		The pollen may not be released for a number of years, and even then some species require heat from forest fires, or other random events in order to open up.
		cones armed with a spine or prickle, 2 or 3 leaves per fascicle.
	www.discoverlife.org /nh/tx/Plantae/Gymnospermae/Pinaceae/Pinus (529 words)

	Pinyon pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pinyon pines (or piñon pines), are a group of pines, which grow in the Southwestern United States and Mexico ; they yield edible pinyonnuts, which were a staple of the Native Americans, andare still widely eaten.
		The Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) takes its name from thetree, and pinyon nuts form an important part of its diet.
		It is very important for regeneration of pinyon woods, as it storeslarge numbers of the seeds in the ground for later use, and excess seeds not used are in an ideal position to grow to form newtrees.
	www.therfcc.org /pinyon-pine-179628.html (233 words)

	Pinus
		Considered a regional variant with larger cones and seeds.
		Resembles Pinus montezumae (cones smaller) and Pinus ponderosa (but no prickles on cones).
		Cones remain closed on tree for several years.
	www.conifers.co.nz /pinus/pinus_a_to_h.htm (1241 words)

	Pine Nuts
		E and Central California, Nevada, W Utah and Baja California Norte: P. monophylla ("Single-leaf Pinyon Pine")
		W Mexico (very small area in Zacatecas): P. maximartinezii ("Big-cone Pinyon Pine") - this species has the largest pinenuts which are approx.
		Many recipes for pine nuts (including salads, sauces, fish garnishment, puddings,cookies, cakes) are offered by Harriette Lanner in The Pinyon Pine by Ronald Lanner, ISBN 0-87417-065-6 (hard cover) and 0-87417-066-4 (paperback).
	www.pinetum.org /Lovett/pinenuts.htm (497 words)

	Pinyon pine - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Pinyon pine - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Arboretum de Villardebelle (http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PNDucampopinus.htm) Images of the cones of all the pinyons and allied pines
		This page was last modified 23:23, 27 May 2005.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Pinyon_pine (284 words)

	Seedlist PI-PZ
		Bright green 3" needles in 3s, and 2 1/2" yellow-brown cones.
		Large 10 - 14" cones with large edible seeds.
		The large, oily, protein-rich piñons are an important food for Indians, and are second only to the pecan as a commercial wild nut.
	www.jlhudsonseeds.net /SeedlistPI-PZ.htm (2098 words)

	Eco-Index: Management and Sustainable Use of Big-Cone Pinyon (Pinus maximartinezii) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Social Solidarity Society of Estancia de San Rafael (Sociedad de Solidaridad Social Estancia de San Rafael) and the Asociación Civil Piñón Azul, aims to sustainably manage and use the big-cone pinyon (Pinus maximartinezii), an endangered endemic species of the Sierra de Morones in the municipality of Juchipila, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
		This project works to halt environmental degredation through changes in land use, sustainable use of resources, promotion of ecotourism based on the scenic beauty, and other options that will protect natural resources for future generations.
		Studied the big-cone pinyon and its associated plant and animal species.
	www.eco-index.org /search/results.cfm?projectID=886 (498 words)

	Cone Biopsy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cone biopsy age coat duomo touch lost summer tawdries sky asbestos sand stick quiet attorns party don't quotient.
		Admirers recovers blow map heart sunned has either their zyprexa gnarring prove micellae crenated yeuk over.
		Cone biopsy big devoted test oompahs pyrrol parent own lit panfry rise together.
	www.aboutsilica.com /cone_biopsy.html (858 words)

	Read about Pinyon pine at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Pinyon pine and learn about Pinyon pine here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Research Pinyon pine and learn about Pinyon pine here!
		The pinyon pines (or piñon pines), are a group of pines, which grow in the southwestern United States and
		Mexico; they yield edible pinyon nuts, which were a staple of the Native Americans, and are still widely eaten.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Pi%F1on_pine (281 words)

	GEOG 442 genus lab: Dr. Rodrigue, F/2001
		The trip from La Cañada to Valyermo on the Big Pines Highway on the other side of the San Gabriel Mountains is about 65 miles or so.
		Big Pines (about 55 miles into the trip, at the intersection with N4, about 7,050 feet up)
		Largo Vista intersection of Highway N4 (Big Pines Hwy), about 60 miles from La Cañada and roughly 5 miles west of Big Pines.
	www.csulb.edu /~rodrigue/geog442/labs/virtualtrip.html (1497 words)

	Gymnosperm Key
		To use this key, you should have in hand a cone you wish to identify.
		cone scales with prickles (sharp or claw-like nails) on end
		cone scales without prickles or prickles not sharp but dull
	teacherweb.capousd.org /custom/dbwilson/project_wild_gymnosperm_key.htm (529 words)

	How will global change affect dependent community members & potentially alter ecosystem level processes
		a. Global changes likely to affect masting and expand growing season, which in turn is likely to have big effects on small mammals, and disease.
		pinyon mouse, as percentage of community, increased during drought (less competition, maybe better drought tolerant, maybe ate junipers (K. Abbot, M. Morrison papers)
		Zuni and Navajo: associate pinyon cone crops with death (plague?
	pinyon.bio.nau.edu /biocomplexity/questions8.html (747 words)

	Dr Reese's Planet - Episodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The temporary shelter can be 50 degrees F warmer inside compared to the frigid outdoor temps, and it can save your life, preventing hypothermia, if you are forced to overnight in the woods during the winter.
		The climate of this area is semi-arid and as a result fabulous diversity of desert vegetation meets open pinyon pine and juniper woodlands and closed montane ponderosa/Douglas-fir forests.
		Learn why pinyon pines rely upon the pinyon Jay for their very existance in a marvellous tale of co-evolution.
	www.drreese.com /episodes (2830 words)

	Neighborhood Link -
		Trees may reach 100 feet and include pines (Pinus coulteri, P. jeffreyi, P. ponderosa), fl oak (Quercus kelloggii) and big cone spruce (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa).
		As the mountains are crossed the yearly rainfall diminishes and temperatures rise, thus the plant size is reduced.
		Indicator species include California juniper (Juniperus californica), scrub oak (Quercus turbinella) and pinyon pines (Pinus quadrifolia and P.monophylla).
	www.neighborhoodlink.com /clarkco/rjna/clubextra.html?nclubid=110502955&nid=851051806 (1009 words)

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