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	Disaster Intervention Links
		A short overview of debriefing models is given, along with a history of the fairly recent practice of debriefing.
		The article moves to a discussion of the three post-disaster phases; the immediate shock phase, the cry-out phase, and the post-trauma period - in the context of the Bijlmermeer crash.
		After disentangling the complicating factors, the authors concluded that the single most important factor in minimizing stress response was perceived emotional support, and that it is therefore imperative in disaster situations to provide adequate support for victims.
	www.jmu.edu /psychologydept/dref.htm (1153 words)

	THE BIJLMERMEER PLANE DISASTER: AN ACCOUNT OF THE RESCUE OPERATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BURN CASUALTIES
		In the event of a disaster, deployment of vehicles and personnel is coordinated through a network of regional control centres.
		Disaster scenarios are well-rehearsed, and ambulances throughout the country may be mobilized and directed as required.
		Planning for the management for mass burn casualties is based on the premise that in large disasters the majority of victims sustain wounds which are either too trivial or too extensive to require the specialized facilities of a burn centre (Mackie and Koning, 1990).
	www.medbc.com /annals/review/vol_6/num_1/text/vol6n1p44.htm (2042 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Epidemiological study air disaster in Amsterdam (ESADA): study design
		In the extensive aftermath of the disaster, rumors and questions arose about the cause of the accident, the contents of the cargo, potential exposure to hazardous materials, and health consequences [2,3].
		Based on the scientific literature on the health effects of disasters, the main hypotheses of the ESADA concern unexplained physical symptoms [7-12], and post-traumatic stress symptoms and associated psychological symptoms [13-15].
		The time-lag between the disaster and the exposure assessment may have led to recall bias, especially concerning certain details of exposure to the disaster, such as the duration of activities.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2458/5/54 (5270 words)

	Predictors of Fatigue in Rescue Workers and Residents in the Aftermath of an Aviation Disaster: A Longitudinal Study -- ...
		Predictors of Fatigue in Rescue Workers and Residents in the Aftermath of an Aviation Disaster: A Longitudinal Study -- Spinhoven and Verschuur 68 (4): 605 -- Psychosomatic Medicine
		Predictors of Fatigue in Rescue Workers and Residents in the Aftermath of an Aviation Disaster: A Longitudinal Study
		in a disaster in rescue workers (20.6%) and residents (45.4%).
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/abstract/68/4/605 (309 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| The mystery of El-Al's chemical cargo
		Swanciger added that this was the case not once, but twice: after the initial consignment was inadvertently scattered all over Bijlmermeer, and despite a subsequent tightening of American export regulations, Solkatronic was permitted to replenish the Jewish state's chemical arsenal with an identical second shipment.
		Among the immediate beneficiaries of the latest disclosures are the approximately 700 Bijlmermeer residents and emergency workers who continue to suffer from medical and psychological conditions not dissimilar to those experienced by soldiers and civilians after the 1991 Gulf War.
		It is, therefore, ironic that shortly after the LY 1862 disaster, The Hague was chosen as the seat of the United Nations Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/399/in1.htm (1913 words)

	[No title]
		Many disasters led to apparently long term unexpected complications from the medical perspective, which often revolve around the long term appearance of unexplained medical symptoms and syndromes.
		Description In the aftermath of the Bijlmermeer plane crash (Amsterdam, 1992) we studied, six years later, symptoms attributed to the crash by 850 persons who were invited to present their symptoms to a call center.
		At the moment we monitor all symptoms presented to GPs, company doctors and mental health carers by 11,000 victims of the firework disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands (May, 2000) in an attempt of the Dutch government to prevent or to minimalize social (and psychological) epidemics by means of a proactive public health response.
	www.eupha.org /html/plenary3.doc (1581 words)

	SIGHTINGS
		The investigation of the disaster, which took at least 43 lives on the ground and four more aboard the Boeing 747 jet, now looks to be either a monumental bungle or a textbook cover-up.
		Six years after the crash in the densely populated Bijlmermeer district, at least 1,200 residents and rescue workers are complaining of physical and psychological ailments they fear were caused by something carried in the El Al cargo hold.
		She acknowledged that the government's response to the disaster has been called into question and will be part of the parliamentary inquiry.
	www.rense.com /political/israelicrash.htm (1903 words)

	News \| Medical Investigation into the Bijlmermeer Aviation Disaster
		The principals of the Medisch Onderzoek Vliegramp Bijlmermeer, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the City of Amsterdam, the Zuidoost District, the KLM and the co-ordinator of the study, KLM Arbo Services bv, have announced that the medical study will be launched at the beginning of January.
		The primary goal of the examination is to devote attention at an individual level to the complaints and worries of those involved in the aviation disaster or its aftermath.
		To reach this decision the principals engaged in intensive discussion with the residents of the Bijlmermeer, helpers and KLM employees, represented in the so-called sounding-board groups.
	www.movb.nl /en/html/nws_01_nieuws02.htm (721 words)

	Bijlmermeer disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Bijlmerramp (in English: Bijlmer disaster) was an airplane crash.
		The plane's cargo included, amongst other things: bullets, spare parts for AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, spare parts for Patriot missiles and approximately 50 US gallons (189 L) of dimethyl methylphosphonate, a chemical used in the synthesis of flame retardants and Sarin nerve gas.
		After the disaster, there were rumours that the Israeli secret services had tried to recover some of the cargo.
	www.toolhost.com /Bijlmermeer_disaster.html (407 words)

	Netherlands fireworks factory explosion--the downside of the Dutch social model
		In light of the tragedy, it makes little difference whether the construction of the fireworks factory in a residential area was officially approved or, on the other hand, the housing estate was allowed to develop around such a plant already existing there.
		On top of all this, as can be determined from aerial photographs of the factory area shortly before the disaster as well as from the statement of a fireman, the doors of the containers were often left standing open.
		The Dutch government's recent appointment of an “independent” commission to look into the causes of the catastrophe should not be seen as evidence that it intends to clarify why the disaster happened, but rather as an indication that it has something to hide.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2000/may2000/neth-m31.shtml (1809 words)

	Green Left - Flight 1862 and Israel's chemical secrets
		Whereas the initial investigation concentrated on the causes of the disaster, a systematic yet incompetent pattern of obfuscation by the Israeli and Dutch authorities concerning the doomed flight's cargo led to mounting suspicion that LY1862 was transporting more than the alleged “perfumes and gift articles”.
		Among the immediate beneficiaries of the latest disclosures are the 700 Bijlmermeer residents and emergency workers who continue to suffer from medical and psychological conditions not dissimilar to those experienced by soldiers and civilians after the Gulf war in 1991.
		It is ironic that shortly after the LY1862 disaster, The Hague was chosen as the seat of the United Nations Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1998/343/19790 (1755 words)

	Disaster and associated changes in physical and mental health in older residents -- Deeg et al. 15 (2): 170 -- The ...
		Disaster and associated changes in physical and mental health in older residents -- Deeg et al.
		Disaster and associated changes in physical and mental health in older residents
		The impact of the Amsterdam aircraft disaster on reported annoyance by aircraft noise and on psychiatric disorders.
	eurpub.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/2/170 (3012 words)

	Toespraak op de DU-conferentie
		The cancelling of the epidemiological study among the residents means also the cancelling of the medical investigation into the possible DU poisoning among the residents.
		Over 20 percent of the participants were advised to have their family doctor refer them to the Bijlmermeer Aviation Disaster Aftercare Advisory and Treatment Centre (ABC), which specialises particularly in Unexplained Physical Symptoms (UPS) and Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS) Residents could also visit this centre for the restriction of and how to deal with UPS.
		The Effect Study among the employees of the Amsterdam police, firebrigade and hangar 8 is still going on and is to expected to appear around April 2004.
	members.chello.nl /wiers/bijlmer/nieuws17.htm (2253 words)

	The Commission of Experts - KLM arbo services
		The Commission of Experts is of the opinion that the estimations which have been done by the RIVM (Dutch Royal Institute..) and also the contra-expertise of DHV (engineering office) give no rise to do research on uranium exposure or the consequences of that.
		In case this would be showed it can't yet be concluded that it has been caused the Bijlmer disaster (the El Al plane crash, HvdK) on an individual level, for it is not completely excluded that there has been exposure to depleted uranium in another way.
		The comparison of these results at people who has been concerned with the disaster or not, in the epidemiological examination, will maybe lead to the answer of the question whether one could talk about a relationship between the people concerned and a health relevant exposure to depleted uranium.
	nucnews.net /2000/du/99du/991118du.htm (1092 words)

	The Role of the Media and Media Hypes in the Aftermath of Disasters -- Vasterman et al. 27 (1): 107 -- Epidemiologic ...
		Rubonis AV, Bickman L. Psychological impairment in the wake of disaster: the disaster-psychopathology relationship.
		Toxic turmoil: psychological and societal consequences of ecological disasters.
		The archival anatomy of a disaster: media coverage and community-wide health effects of the Texas AandM bonfire tragedy.
	epirev.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/1/107 (4845 words)

	Depleted Uranium: A Post-War Disaster, Part 7
		The ongoing publications and rumors on the plane crash, also called "the disaster after the disaster", was reason to appoint a Parliamentarian Inquiry Commission in September 1998.
		From the Parliamentarian Inquiry Commission Bijlmer Disaster, chaired by the Christian-Democrat Meijer, it appeared that some authorities were aware of the DU issue but never informed responsible ministers and others.
		From October 7, 1993, three days after the disaster, the Inspection knew about the presence of DU, but didn't forwarded it to the fire brigade, the police and the people on the place of the disaster.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/dhap/dhap997.html (2306 words)

	Glossary \| Medical Investigation into the Bijlmermeer Aviation Disaster
		Sometimes it is almost as if the 'disaster' could happen immediately all over again.
		A control group is a group for which the data from scientific or epidemiological study is compared with data from the victim group.
		Only if there are differences in the results between these two groups can it be demonstrated that the symptoms of the victim group genuinely have something to do with the disaster.
	www.movb.nl /en/html/beg_00.htm (386 words)

	Shared Spaces 11 - High-Rise Housing Estates (Realtime: An Integrated Approach) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The Bijlmermeer was an experiment in urban housing on a scale previously unseen in the Netherlands.
		Together with residents, the Bijlmermeer Renewal Project Bureau, an organisation established by the city of Amsterdam, the local council and the responsible housing association, put together a renewal plan.
		The Bijlmermeer was designed based on the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) vision of a planned city, a new – and untested – concept in urban design at the time.
	www.sharedspaces.nl /pagina.html?id=9480 (4121 words)

	Dutch probe possible radioactivity - Reuters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Health Minister Els Borst told parliament she was ordering an immediate study, to be led by a medical team from Amsterdam University Hospital.
		The move followed controversial claims of leaked radioactivity from the aircraft's wreckage, and concerns for the health of residents in the suburb of Bijlmermeer.
		Jorritsma, whose ministry has already commissioned a separate report on the disaster, said she would inform parliament about the properties of depleted uranium.
	nucnews.net /2000/du/92du/92duacc.htm (496 words)

	Laka publications: Medical Investigation into Bijlmermeer Disaster and DU
		But also among employees of KLM NV who worked for many years in the vicinity of the aircraft wreckage hangar 8 at Schiphol East, the place where the presence of DU dust was proved in 1999.
		The cancelling of the epidemiological study among the residents means also the cancelling of the medical investigation into the possible DU poisoning among the residents.
		The Effect Study among the employees of the Amsterdam police, firebrigade and hangar 8 is still going on and is to expected to appear around April 2004.
	www.laka.org /info/publicaties/vu/2003-bijlmerhealth.html (2256 words)

	Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms in the Aftermath of Disasters -- van den Berg et al. 27 (1): 92 -- ...
		After disasters, the prevalence rates of MUPS seem to increase.
		Disaster severity and emotional disturbance: implications for primary mental health care in developing countries.
		Psychosocial impact of disasters: victims of the Baldwin hills fire.
	epirev.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/1/92 (5156 words)

	Search Continues for More than 200 Feared Dead in El Al Crash
		If the casualty toll is that high, the crash, whose cause is under investigation, would be the worst air disaster ever in numbers of victims outside the plane.
		The scale of the disaster has rocked the Netherlands, dominating conversation and news coverage in the small country of 15 million people.
		The grimy working class Bijlmermeer housing estate near Duivendrecht into which the plane crashed has a large population of African and Caribbean immigrants.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V112/N47/crash.47w.html (845 words)

	Green Left - Unanswered questions in Amsterdam disaster
		According to the head of the fire brigade at Schiphol Airport, the chances of such a tragedy were ``less than nil''.
		Three hours later, a young Surinamese inhabitant of the Bijlmermeer tells a television reporter: ``We knew one day this was going to happen.
		The least one might expect after such a disaster would be an immediate halt to all Schiphhol construction and expansion projects while planners reassess the risks involved.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1992/76/2221 (978 words)

	A Tiny Revolution: Happy 14th Anniversary Of The Bijlmermeer Air Disaster!
		Six years after the crash in the densely populated Bijlmermeer district, at least 1,200 residents and rescue workers are complaining of physical and psychological ailments they fear were caused by something carried in the El Al cargo hold.
		With the disclosure this month that the jet carried sarin components, passions have flared among sick residents and their baffled doctors.
		Herma Sprey was preparing Sunday supper on the evening of Oct. 4, 1992, when the groaning engines of the El Al jet, which had just taken off from Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport after a refueling stop on its flight from New York, drew her to the kitchen window.
	www.tinyrevolution.com /mt/archives/001112.html (668 words)

	Lawrence of Cyberia: "Specialty Chemicals"
		Because today is the fourteenth anniversary of the Bijlmermeer air disaster, whose sordid aftermath opened up a whole can of worms relating to secret weapons trafficking and unaccountable government, which really gives the lie to all the worthy motivations we claim for our policies.
		As a chemical weapons precursor, DMMP is subject to tight export controls by the U.S. government, but Solkatronic confirmed that it had requested and received from the U.S. Department of Commerce the export licences necessary to ship to the IIBR the chemicals that went down with Flight 1862.
		Just remember the aftermath of the Bijlmermeer air disaster, and you'll never have to ask yourself again why so much of the world listens to our rhetoric, and thinks we're just full of it.
	lawrenceofcyberia.blogs.com /news/2006/10/specialty_chemi.html (1635 words)

	Earth Island Institute: Earth Island Journal - Winter '99/2000
		Recent disclosures revealed that the disaster could have been much worse: Among some 83 tons of cargo off-loaded at Schiphol was a shipment of "oil industry" explosives.
		In the months following the crash, the Dutch citizens' group Onderzoeksgrep Vliegramp Bijlmermeer revealed that, "in addition to the cocktail of toxic chemicals that came free during the disaster," traces of uranium, zirconium and lanthanum had turned up in soil samples taken from the crash site.
		TVA claimed that Belgian politicians now fear that "a disaster like the crash in Holland in 1992 is possible at [Belgium's] Zaaventem.
	www.earthisland.org /eijournal/win2000/fe_win2000uranium.html (2613 words)

	Amnesia In Various Other Victim Populations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eriksson, N-G, Lundin, T. Early traumatic stress reactions among Swedish survivors of the MS Estonia disaster.
		This study substantiates the importance of assessing dissociative symptoms during a life threatening event as a possible predictor for later posttraumatic reactions and possible PTSD.
		Psychiatric reactions to disaster: The Mount St. Helen's experience.
	www.sidran.org /refs/ref2.html (940 words)

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