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Topic: Bilateral synchronization

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	Morphological Correlates of Bilateral Synchrony in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex -- De Zeeuw et al. 16 (10): 3412 -- ...
		Morphological Correlates of Bilateral Synchrony in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex
		The bilaterality of afferents to the IO was investigated using anterograde transport of PHA-L from the dorsolateral hump of the cerebellar nuclei and the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
		The possible role of the bilateral trigeminal afferents of the IO in controlling the bilateral synchrony in crus IIA may not be as prominent as that of the stronger bilateral projection to the IO from the dorsolateral hump of the cerebellar nuclei.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/16/10/3412 (10118 words)

	[No title]
		However, throughout this manuscript, the term bilateral deficit shall be used as the definitive descriptor of the bilateral deficit, regardless of its manifestation.
		Shantz et al., (7) were dissatisfied with the supposition that the bilateral deficit was attributable to an inability of the CNS to fully coordinate maximal activation of MUs in activities requiring intensive participation of large muscle groups.
		Therefore, it was concluded that the bilateral deficit phenomenon was not simply attributable to the inability of the CNS to maximally activate a large number of muscles simultaneously (7).
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Bilateral_deficit.doc (1972 words)

	International League Against Epilepsy
		Jerks of massive bilateral myoclonus mainly involve the upper limbs, with elevation of the shoulders producing slight contraction of the trunk.
		Massive bilateral myoclonus can be asymmetrical, and it is a challenge in clinical practice to distinguish within asymmetrical jerks those that correspond to focal jerk with secondary generalization from those that correspond to generalized although asymmetrical jerks.
		Hyperexcitability in the motor pathways permits synchronization in the rolandic and thalamic structures, the discharge in one structure triggering the discharge in the other structure, and the cycle is closed.
	www.ilae-epilepsy.org /Visitors/Centre/ctf/massivebilateral.cfm (1566 words)

	Neil Fraser: Writing: Differential Synchronization
		Since this synchronization scheme operates in real-time, any such conflict implies that two (or more) users have their attention focused on that location.
		If bilateral changes result in a synchronization failure, and Client Text and Server Text do not match each other at the end of a cycle, the problem is simply reattempted on the next cycle.
		Frequent synchronizations running unnoticed in the background result in only a few second's worth of typing to be corrupted in either case.
	neil.fraser.name /writing/sync (1836 words)

	hemisync
		Bilateral hemispheric synchronization is a phenomenon which has been attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians for sometime.
		Lindsley (1952) characterizes synchronized, optimal alpha rhythm as a state of relaxed wakefulness in which attention tends to wander, free association is enhanced, and behavioral efficiency of routine reactions and creative thought is good.
		The synthesizing of the two tones into one experienced tone produces a phenomena known as hemispheric synchronization, where the electrical activity of the two hemispheres of the brain unite into a single synchronous pattern with an overall frequency at the frequency of the difference between the two original tones.
	members.tripod.com /~Miki_Rush/hemisync.html (10111 words)

	P5-3 MEG: Somatosensory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The aim of this work was to study the degree of synchronization within the portion of the somatosensory cortex devoted to hand control during external sensory stimulation.
		The properties of this dynamic synchronization index within the beta [16-32 Hz] and gamma [36-44 Hz] bands suggest that the hand representation in humans’ primary cortex follows a frequency coding, in addition to the somatotopic one, for discriminating different districts.
		Comparative analysis of synchronization index and signal amplitude showed that this frequency selectivity regarded the synchrony among activated neurons and their number.
	www.biomag2004.org /prog/P53-all.htm (3301 words)

	In Search of Empirical Theories
		One important observation that we made in a number of Hemi-Sync studies was that subjects exposed to the same Hemi-Sync signals achieved bilateral synchronization at different frequencies.
		Should we be able to continue to support this theory with further research, we may conclude that Hemi-Sync is indeed a technology beyond entrainment and for that matter it is one of the safest modalities for health improvement and enhancement.
		Based on studies observing the electrocortical activity of patients undergoing psychotherapy, it appears that moments of insight and "clarity" are preceded by moments of bilateral synchrony (see Sadigh, 1991b).
	user.aol.com /lifeenergz/study.htm (1064 words)

	iPlus - Internet is everywhere
		Thanks to iPlus office, they are able to synchronize their emails, calendar and contacts from the corporate mail server with their telephone or terminal, gaining constant access to all important data, wherever they are: at home, at work or on a business trip.
		Bilateral synchronization of your emails, calendar and address book; information from the corporate server are transferred to the terminal, while the data recorded in the terminal are updated on the server.
		The synchronization process uses data transmission and can be performed with the UMTS, EDGE or GPRS technologies, depending on the type of terminal and the technologies available within the area of data transmission.
	www.iplus.pl /en_offer_office.html (340 words)

	Intramuscular pressure-induced inhibition of cardiac contraction: implications for cardiac-locomotor synchronization -- ...
		Alternate occlusions of the bilateral thigh cuffs administered
		For other unnumbered symbols, the peak arterial flow timing was estimated from the relationship between the timing of systolic blood pressure and that of peak arterial flow for the thigh obtained without applying thigh cuff pressure.
		Note that synchronization occurred in phases that did not interfere with the inflow phase of the femoral artery.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/288/3/R645 (4303 words)

	Toward a Physiological Understanding of Human Dexterity -- Wiesendanger and Serrien 16 (5): 228 -- Physiology
		The synchronization value and the correlation coefficient (r) for the arrival times at the goal are the quantitative measures for temporal coordination.
		Comparison of movement times in individual limbs and the synchronization interval between the limbs before and after a bilateral lesion in the mesial-frontal cortex of a monkey trained to perform the bimanual drawer task.
		Whereas the lesion resulted in a massive prolongation of the individual limb movements (A and B), goal synchronization (C = B – A) and the interlimb correlation coefficient (before lesion, r = 0.927; after lesion, r = 0.956) were not significantly changed.
	physiologyonline.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/16/5/228 (3932 words)

	The Monroe Institute - Research Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The secondary activity was that of synchronized Alpha activity.
		The results and findings of this study were virtually identical to those observed in the second study: asynchronous mixture of Theta and Alpha waves during the baseline phase followed by highly synchronized Beta activity across the cortex during the treatment phase.
		Thus far, we have been able to document that the only effect technology that indeed results in bilateral hemispheric synchronization is that of the Hemi-Sync signals developed by Robert A. Monroe.
	www.monroeinstitute.com /content.php?content_id=33 (2465 words)

	Synchronization of Motor Units in Human Soleus Muscle During Standing Postural Tasks -- Mochizuki et al. 94 (1): 62 -- ...
		Synchronization of Motor Units in Human Soleus Muscle During Standing Postural Tasks -- Mochizuki et al.
		by the synchronization of bilateral motor unit pairs, were employed
		In cases in which bilateral synchronization was observed, it
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/1/62 (321 words)

	Telecom Dictionary B: Phone Service Definitions
		In some signaling systems, non-information-carrying signals may be inserted to facilitate synchronization; e.g., in certain forms of binary modulation coding, there is a forced inversion of the signal state at the center of the bit interval.
		In these cases, the synchronization signals are included in the calculation of the rate in bauds but not in the computation of bit rate.
		The synchronization is achieved by detecting the transition in polarity for 1 bits in the data stream.
	www.higginsinternational.com /Definitions/telecom_dictionary_b.html (11646 words)

	Synchronization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Network synchronization deals with the distribution of time synchronization and frequency across a network of clocks often spread over a wide geographical area.
		synchronize) the time synchronization and frequency scales of all clocks, by using the communication capacity of their interconnecting links.
		Clock synchronization - Clock synchronization is a problem from computer science which deals with the idea that internal clocks of several computers may differ.
	sy40.iasoft.org /synchronization.html (774 words)

	IngentaConnect Synchrony in the amphibian lymphatic system: evidence for bilater... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		However, the present study concludes that there is synchronization between the cardiac heart and the lymph hearts and that the posterior lymph hearts in both Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 and Bufo marinus (L., 1758) beat synchronously as well.
		Results show that there is clear synchronization between the lymph heart systoles of two bilateral posterior lymph hearts.
		These results support the conclusion that synchrony is characteristic of the anuran lymphatic system and that synchronization of the cardiac heart and the lymph hearts could impart an energetic advantage that benefits fluid homeostatic mechanisms.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nrc/cjz/2006/00000084/00000003/art00004 (550 words)

	Acoustic Startle Evokes Bilaterally Synchronous Oscillatory EMG Activity in the Healthy Human -- Grosse and Brown 90 ...
		Synchronization in monkey motor cortex during a precision grip task.
		Synchronization between motor cortex and spinal motoneuronal pool during the performance of a maintained motor task in man. J Physiol 489: 917–924, 1995.
		Marsden JF, Farmer SF, Halliday DM, Rosenberg JR, and Brown P. The unilateral and bilateral control of motor unit pairs in the first dorsal interosseus and paraspinal muscles in man. J Physiol 521: 553–564, 1999.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/3/1654 (4095 words)

	Share Calendars, Contact - Outlook,iCal, Address Book, Entourage. Any combination! Share Personal and group data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The XCN Server’s purpose is to act as a data repository and to handle the bilateral synchronization logic.
		The connector's purpose is simply to apply the data in the context of the client application when data is received from the software server, or if data is created, modified, or deleted by the connector application, to wrap the data object into the xml blob and send it to the software server.
		Due to the flexibility and extensibility afforded by this architecture, the specific items within a record can be easily extended since the XCN server does not have to individually manipulate or modify the data record that it is managing.
	www.xcnetwork.com /platformtechnology.jsp (1065 words)

	UPenn - SAS - Biology - People - Faculty
		By recording neural activity simultaneously in left and right HVc of awake, vocalizing male zebra finches, we have shown that vocal premotor neurons are highly synchronized during specific portions of the song motor response.
		Because synchronization occurs independently of the recording sites within HVc in either hemisphere, we believe that most HVc motor units are globally synchronized.
		For clarity, only the bilateral feedback pathway from DM to UVa is shown.
	www.bio.upenn.edu /faculty/schmidt/marc (1321 words)

	Disconnection Procedures in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery
		The rationale for corpus callosotomy is to control generalized seizures by interrupting seizures as they evolve from the cerebral cortex and secondarily spread through commissural pathways.
		Interruption of this generalization or bilateral synchronization can reduce or eliminate the major seizure type exhibited by this spread, namely "drop attacks," or atonic seizures.
		The goal of MST is to interrupt the horizontal coursing intracortical fibers, thereby isolating localized interactions between the regions of cortex and decreasing the likelihood of synchronized neuronal discharge over a wide expanse of cortex.
	neurosurgery.pitt.edu /epilepsy/pediatric/surgery/disconnection.html (1791 words)

	Scientific Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		HR Russell, JL Carter and their associates performed extensive studies 6 of the effects of flashing light combined with synchronous sound on the performance and intelligence scores of boys with Attention Deficit Disorder.
		The trials, reported in (The Texas Researcher, 4:65, 1993) showed significant increases in intelligence measures, (spelling, reading, mathematics, verbal IQ), students were less dependent, had improved academic attention and interests, were less anxious, more self contained, improved their coordination and intellectual pursuits, suffered less and controlled anger better.
		These results tend to confirm a hemispheric synchronization tendency by subjects using photic stimulation in the 10 hz (Alpha frequency) range.
	www.adhd-add.com.au /Research.htm (11632 words)

	INDIA’S LOOK-EAST POLICY: More aggressive, Better Dividends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The bilateral trade currently at around US $ 4 billion will be tripled to US $ 15 billion in the next five years.
		Improvement of bilateral relations with the nations independent of the grouping is equally important.
		Hence the bilateral relations have to be tailored to suit the requirements of that particular state and that of India.
	www.saag.org /\papers17\paper1663.html (3204 words)

	Bilateral Integration
		Adding absolute strength bilateral integration and power often creates muscle imbalances bilateral integration and mobility limitations that cause injuries bilateral integration and limit skill training.
		Host Gray Cook is a physical therapist bilateral integration and sports conditioning expert who has proven the effectiveness of his approach through the performances of athletes in the NFL, NBA, NHL, WNBA, bilateral integration and Reebok® University's sports training system.
		Included in the video are five assessment tests to help you find the imbalances in movement patterns, sample corrective exercises to improve mobility bilateral integration and stability, bilateral integration and ways to integrate these exercises into a regular training program.
	in51.growthsummit.com /bilateralintegration.html (1108 words)

	Brain networks underlying human timing behavior are influenced by prior context -- Jantzen et al. 101 (17): 6815 -- ...
		Means (A) and SDs (B) of the IRIs for both synchronization (filled) and syncopation (open) conditions.
		the thalamus, as well as bilaterally in the culmen of the cerebellum.
		BOLD amplitude is shown on the vertical axis and time in terms of scan repetitions [repetition time (TR) = 3 s] relative to the onset of the rest period is shown on the horizontal axis.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/17/6815 (3931 words)

	University of Nevada
		One study on Zen meditation (Kasamatsu and Harai, 1966) showed that, during eyes open meditation, for experienced meditators, there is a marked increase in alpha amplitude in midline frontal and central regions as well as in the parietal region relative to occipital regions.
		In a study of children, Martinius and Hoovey (1972) found that increases in bilateral synchrony were correlated with superior performance on a task involving attending to tones.
		Research correlating biofeedback learned synchronization with experiential states is limited to a few poorly controlled studies (Johnston and Millay, 1982; Mikuriya, 1979, 1980; Millay, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1981; Scully, 1978).
	www.remoteviewers.com /htms/htm2/dissertation/1body.htm (12037 words)

	Information for Participants #9-11
		On the basis of interpretation or written text, which is accepted by the Secretariat as representing the official text of the statement, it will be interpreted into the other official languages by United Nations interpreters.
		Moreover, the delegation concerned should make available to the interpreter someone who knows the language in which the statement is to be delivered and the official language into which it has been translated, to guide the interpreter through the translated text and to ensure synchronization between the speaker and the interpreter.
		Within the designated bilateral meeting areas, a reservation system has been instituted in order to provide equitable and efficient use of the facilities.
	www.un.org /ecosocdev/geninfo/sustdev/info/infoB.htm (780 words)

	Neural Substrates of Real and Imagined Sensorimotor Coordination -- Oullier et al. 15 (7): 975 -- Cerebral Cortex
		in bilateral precentral gyrus (PcG) and medial frontal gyrus
		Green overlays: brain areas that are significantly different between the imagination of syncopation and synchronization (ImPate compared with ImNize).
		Green overlays: brain areas that are significantly different between the execution and the imagination of the synchronization mode (ExNize compared with ImNize).
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/7/975 (6259 words)

	Anterior and posterior callosal contributions to simultaneous bimanual movements of the hands and fingers -- Eliassen ...
		Berlucchi G, Aglioti S, Tassinari G. The role of the corpus callosum and bilaterally distributed motor pathways in the synchronization of bilateral upper-limb responses to lateralized light stimuli.
		Di Stefano M, Morelli M, Marzi CA, Berlucchi G. Hemispheric control of unilateral and bilateral movements of proximal and distal parts of the arm as inferred from simple reaction time to lateralized light stimuli in man. Exp Brain Res 1980; 38: 197–204.
		Synchronization of neurons during local field potential oscillations in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/123/12/2501 (5416 words)

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