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	Bile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bile salts are steroid compounds (deoxycholic and cholic acid), often conjugated with glycine and taurine, and act to some extent as a detergent, helping to emulsify fats (increasing surface area to help enzyme action), and thus aid in their absorption in the small intestine.
		Bile salts combine with phospholipids to break down fat globules in the process of emulsification by associating its hydrophobic side with lipids and the hydrophilic side with water.
		Yellow bile and fl bile were two of the four vital fluids or humours of ancient and medieval medicine; for example, melancholia was believed to be caused by a bodily surplus of fl bile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bile (401 words)

	Bile acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals.
		The chemical distinctions between different bile acids are minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.
		In humans, the most important bile acids are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, and their conjugates with taurine and glycine (glycocholate and taurocholate).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bile_acid (190 words)

	Cholesterol and Bile Metabolism
		Synthesis of bile acids is one of the predominant mechanisms for the excretion of excess cholesterol.
		Synthesis of the 2 primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.
		bile acids and phospholipids solubilize cholesterol in the bile, thereby preventing the precipitation of cholesterol in the gallbladder.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/cholesterol.html (2843 words)

	California Avian Laboratory- Avian Bile Acid Testing
		Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol.
		A majority of the bile acids are absorbed by the small intestine, transported to the liver by portal veins, and reclaimed by the liver.
		Bile acid testing should be considered in any bird who is acutely or chronically ill bird, when there is a long-term malnutrition history, or for avians over five years of age.
	www.californiaavianlaboratory.com /bileac.html (456 words)

	Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion
		Bile acids are derivatives of cholesterol synthesized in the hepatocyte.
		The cholesterol-derived portion of a bile acid has one face that is hydrophobic (that with methyl groups) and one that is hydrophilic (that with the hydroxyl groups); the amino acid conjugate is polar and hydrophilic.
		Bile acids are also critical for transport and absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html (1012 words)

	Ursodiol
		Bile carries with it an assortment of the body’s toxins which are thus dumped safely into the gastrointestinal tract and ultimately eliminated in stool.
		The bile acids produced by dogs and cats are not as toxic as some of their human counterparts but, in the intestine, even the relatively benign dog and cat bile acids are modified by intestinal bacteria into toxic bile acids.
		Ursodeoxycholic acid is what is called a “choleretic” which means it improves the flow of bile through the tiny ducts into the gall bladder and improves the flow of bile from the gall bladder into the intestine.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_ursodiol.html (629 words)

	Bile Acid Sequestrants, medications to lower cholesterol on MedicineNet.com
		Bile acid sequestrants such as cholestyramine (Questran), colestipol (Colestid), and colesevelam (Welchol) are medications for lowering LDL cholesterol.
		Bile acid sequestrants bind bile acids in the intestine and cause more of the bile acids to be excreted in the stool.
		Bile acid sequestrants are not absorbed into the body and therefore they do not have systemic side effects (affecting other organs).
	www.medicinenet.com /bile_acid_sequestrants/article.htm (553 words)

	Developmental pattern of 3-oxo-Delta 4 bile acids in neonatal bile acid metabolism -- Inoue et al. 77 (1): 52 -- ...
		the assay of bile acids in urine, meconium, and faeces with the
		bile acids absorbed from the intestine are metabolised by hepatic
		bile acids in urine are bacterial metabolism of cholic acid and
	fn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/77/1/F52 (3091 words)

	Lowering Cholesterol with Bile Acid Resins? - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and ...
		Bile acid resins are substances that bind in the intestines with bile acids that contain cholesterol and are then eliminated in the stool.
		Bile acid resins are sometimes prescribed with a statin for patients with heart disease to increase cholesterol reduction.
		Bile acid resin powders must be mixed with water or fruit juice and taken once or twice (rarely three times) daily with meals.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9494 (378 words)

	Bile Acid Resins - Page 1 - HeartCenterOnline:
		Bile acid resins may be prescribed in addition to other cholesterol-reducing medications to further reduce LDL levels.
		Bile acid resins block the recycling of bile acids in the intestine.
		Bile acid resins are usually prescribed in powder form (which is mixed with liquid) or in a chewable bar.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /cholesterol/bileacidresins.cfm (498 words)

	Bile Acid Regulation of Hepatic Physiology: III. Bile acids and nuclear receptors -- Chiang 284 (3): 349 -- AJP - ...
		Bile acid and cholesterol synthesis and transport and nuclear receptor regulation of bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis in liver, intestine, and peripheral tissues.
		In the liver, cholesterol is converted to bile acids by a pathway consisting of a cascade of 15 reactions (4).
		Bile acid induction of cytokine expression by macrophages correlates with repression of hepatic cholesterol 7
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/284/3/G349 (4382 words)

	Bile Acid Regulation of Gene Expression: Roles of Nuclear Hormone Receptors -- Chiang 23 (4): 443 -- Endocrine Reviews
		Bile acids excreted from the liver are reabsorbed in the intestine
		Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) (NR1B1) and RXR (NR2B1).
		from hepatocytes by BSEP; 3) inhibition of bile acid uptake
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/23/4/443 (7736 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: bile, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism
		Patients were started on a bile acid resin or nicotinic acid, and only received lovastatin or gemfibrozil if they were unable to tolerate the former agents; greater LDL-C reductions would be expected with widespread use of statin therapy.
		One of the two bile salts produced in the livers of humans is called cholate, as shown on this slide.
		Bile salts, produced by the catabolism of cholesterol, are amphipathic molecules that transport cholesterol in the digestive system.
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=bile&pg=5 (874 words)

	Tests for liver disease in Dogs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the bile acids are elevated significantly on either test, or if there is a significant rise in bile acids between the first and second blood samples then it is likely that there is a decrease in the functional capacity of the liver.
		If the bile acid response test is normal there isn't much chance of PSS and there is a good chance that there is enough liver capacity to allow for a good response to treatment for other liver diseases.
		If the bile acid test is abnormal then it would be a good idea to re-evaluate the liver using ultrasound examination, rectal scintigraphy or other testing as seems appropriate based on the results.
	www.vetinfo.com /dlivtest.html (3427 words)

	NHLBI-CHD Cholesterol Lowering Medicines: Bile Acid Resins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Bile acid sequestrants bind with cholesterol-containing bile acids in the intestines and are then eliminated in the stool.
		Bile acid sequestrants are sometimes prescribed with a statin for patients with heart disease to increase cholesterol reduction.
		Bile acid sequestrant powders must be mixed with water or fruit juice and taken once or twice (rarely three times) daily with meals.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /chd/meds2.htm (292 words)

	Identification of a New Inborn Error in Bile Acid Synthesis: Mutation of the Oxysterol 7alpha -Hydroxylase Gene Causes ...
		of the acidic pathway for bile acid synthesis.
		-cholanoic acids in urine of infants with biliary atresia.
		bile acids in infants with coprostanic acidemia and occurrence of 3
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/102/9/1690 (7004 words)

	Bile Acid Sequestrants, Cholestyramine, Prevalite, Questran
		Cholestyramine (Questran®) and colestipol (Colestid®) are bile acid sequestrants—a class of drugs that binds bile acids, prevents their reabsorption from the digestive system, and reduces cholesterol levels.
		Bile acids are produced in the liver from cholesterol and secreted into the small intestine to help with the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol.
		Bile acid sequestrants should be taken with plenty of water before meals.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/1322001.html (582 words)

	Become.com - Shop results for bile acid
		Bile acids are produced in the liver and then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder, from which they enter the small intestines via the...
		Bile Acids in Hepatobiliary Diseases : Basic Research and Clinical...
		Bile Acids: From Genomics to Disease and Therapy (Falk Symposium)
	www.become.com /shop?q=bile+acid (250 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Bile 'limits stroke damage'
		An injection of a bile acid could reduce the number of brain cells which die in the wake of a stroke or serious head injury.
		Bile is produced in the liver, and flows into the digestive tract to help the body absorb fats.
		The potential of the bile acid is not just limited to stroke damage - it is also being developed as a possible treatment for Huntington's disease.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/2967419.stm (471 words)

	Bile Acid Resins - Drug Comparisons - Compare Drugs - DrugDigest
		Particles made up of bile and fat are reabsorbed by the small intestine, go into the blood, and travel directly to the liver where the bile is recycled.
		Bile acid resins absorb bile acid in the intestinal tract rather than letting it be reabsorbed and reused by the body.
		Bile acid resins are mainly used to treat patients with moderately elevated LDL- cholesterol (LDL-C or "bad cholesterol") and when cholesterol-lowering drug therapy is necessary in young adult men and premenopausal women.
	www.drugdigest.org /DD/Comparison/NewComparison/0,10621,21-15,00.html (650 words)

	Ileal bile acid transporter compositions and methods (US5589358)
		Bile acids are absorbed from the small intestine by an passive and an active mechanism.
		In addition, methods of screening man made and naturally occurring substances for the discovery of new bile acid transport inhibitors and activators and methods of detecting mutations in human ileal/renal bile acid transporter genes are disclosed.
		Galeazzi and Javitt, "Bile Acid Excretion: the Alternate Pathway in the Hamster," J. Clin.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US05589358 (750 words)

	Drug Treatments: Bile Acid Resins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These bile acids move into the intestines, where most of them are re-absorbed and returned to the liver.
		Bile-acid resin drugs bind to bile acids as they move through the intestines -- so that the bile acids exit your body with the feces, rather than re-enter the blood stream.
		When bile acid resins are combined with nicotinic acid, LDL levels can drop as much as 40-60%.
	www.umm.edu /careguides/cholesterol/cholesterol_bile.html (513 words)

	Weaving {beta}Klotho into bile acid metabolism -- Moschetta and Kliewer 115 (8): 2075 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		composition of the bile in the ßKlotho-KO mice was
		It is noteworthy that an increase in biliary bile acid
		Enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice: efficient intestinal bile salt absorption in the absence of ileal bile acid-binding protein.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/115/8/2075 (1470 words)

	Bile acid sequestrant: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(bile acid sequestrants a group of medication used for binding bile bile quick summary:
		Bile (or gall) is a bitter, greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted by the liver of most vertebrates....
		Cholestyramine (questran®, questran light®) is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorpt...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/bile_acid_sequestrant.htm (540 words)

	Bile acid sequestrants for high cholesterol
		Sequestrants bind to bile acids in the intestine and prevent them from being reabsorbed into the blood.
		Bile acid sequestrants are considered safe for long-term use.
		Bile acid sequestrants may interfere with the absorption of other drugs and vitamins.
	www.webmd.com /hw/cholesterol_management/hw114997.asp (489 words)

	Jarrow Bile Acid Factors
		• Bile acids are produced in the liver and then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder, from which they enter the small intestines via the bile duct.
		• The major bile components in Bile Acid Factors are glycocholate and taurocholate, which are crucial for fat digestion and absorption.
		Bile acid deficiency causes fat malabsorption and fatty stools (steatorrhea), indicated by diarrhea and floating stools.
	vitaminlady.com /Jarrow/Bile_acid_factors.asp (368 words)

	The Role of {alpha}1-Fetoprotein Transcription Factor/LRH-1 in Bile Acid Biosynthesis: A KNOWN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR ...
		that bile acid-induced dissociation of coactivators from HNF-4
		of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (16).
		FTF overexpression suppresses the expression of bile acid biosynthesis genes in C57BL/6 mice.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/16/16813 (5992 words)

	Bile Acid Resins - Page 7 - HeartCenterOnline:
		The use of bile acid resins in pregnant women has not been studied.
		Since bile acid resins are not absorbed by the body, they are unlikely to cause problems with pregnant or breast–feeding mothers or their children.
		Older adults (age 60 or older) may be more sensitive to certain bile acid resins (cholestyramine, colestipol) and therefore are at greater risk of side effects.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /cholesterol/bileacidresins7.cfm (355 words)

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