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Topic: Biliary tree

Related Topics

Common bile duct

Cystic duct

Klatskin tumor

Gallstone

Liver

Cholangiocarcinoma

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	ERCP, EL SALVADOR ATLAS of Gastrointestinal VideoEndoscopy
		examinations reveled dilatation of the biliary tree and
		A dilated biliar tree is observed with this ERCP image.
		biliary and pancreatic disorders incidence rates of 4.% for
	www.gastrointestinalatlas.com /English/Duodenum/ERCP/ercp.html (427 words)

	Biliary Atresia - C.L.A.S.S. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biliary atresia is a progressive inflammatory process that begins very soon after birth.
		Although the cause is uncertain, it is known that biliary atresia affects only newborns; it is not hereditary; it is not contagious; and it is not preventable.
		Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the preferred treatment is to remove the atretic biliary ducts outside the liver and attach the small intestine directly to the liver at the spot where bile is found or expected to drain.
	www.classkids.org /library/biliaryatresia.htm (993 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For visualization and/or treatment within the biliary tree, the distal end of the endoscope is positioned proximate the papilla of vater leading to the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
		A biliary catheter as in claim 6, wherein the shaft of the catheter is radially shifted at the proximal guidewire port such that the guidewire may remain substantially straight through the proximal guidewire port.
		A single operator exchange biliary balloon catheter as in claim 14, wherein the shaft of the catheter is radially shifted at the proximal guidewire port such that the guidewire may remain substantially straight through the proximal guidewire port.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/56645.010809&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4595 words)

	eMedicine - Biliary Obstruction : Article by Jennifer Lynn Bonheur, MD
		Mirizzi syndrome is the presence of a stone impacted in the cystic duct or the gallbladder neck, causing inflammation and external compression of the common hepatic duct and thus biliary obstruction.
		Of biliary strictures, 95% are due to surgical trauma and 5% are due to external injury to the abdomen or pancreatitis or erosion of the duct by a gallstone.
		Biliary obstruction associated with pancreatitis is observed most commonly in patients with dilated pancreatic ducts due to either inflammation with fibrosis of the pancreas or a pseudocyst.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3426.htm (6365 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		Biliary atresia (BA) is a serious cause of infantile cholestasis and the most common cause of orthotopic liver transplantation in children.
		Later presentations are associated with the progression of the disease to biliary cirrhosis and the development of portal hypertension with failure to thrive (2).
		If an intact biliary tree is visible, then an intraoperative cholangiogram is done, in which the surgeon cannulates the bile duct and injects contrast to determine if the biliary ducts are patent.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s09c04.html (4120 words)

	CYSTIC DISEASE OF THE LIVER (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this condition, the main trunk (the common bile duct) of the biliary tree is structurally abnormal, probably from the time of birth.
		In this syndrome, the small branches of the biliary tree in the liver are abnormal.
		This disease is usually diagnosed by using radioisotopes to "image" the biliary tree and by injecting dye directly into the biliary tree.
	www.gastro.com /html/liverdisease/liver_cysts.shtml (832 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For visualization or treatment within the biliary tree, the distal end of the endoscope is positioned proximate the papilla of vater leading to the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.
		It is desirable to have a biliary exchange catheter which may be used in connection with a shorter guidewire, and requires less personnel for performing biliary procedures.
		In an endoscopic biliary procedure, endoscope 150 is guided into the duodenum until the opening at the distal end of the endoscope 150 is proximate the papilla of vater.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/66178.021024&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (13745 words)

	The Role of Vascular and Interventional Radiology in the Liver Transplant Patient
		Biliary drainage in a 24-year-old male with a history of surgical repair of choledochal cyst as an infant, who presented with chronic cholangitis and multiple strictures.
		Chronic biliary obstruction with subsequent hepatic failure is a common indication for liver transplantation.
		Percutaneous entry into the biliary tree is performed, and the stent is engaged with one of several available snare devices or even a stone basket.
	www.centerspan.org /pubs/liver/diamond1.htm (4482 words)

	Liver Surgery
		2: Strasberg classification of laparoscopic injuries to the biliary tract.
		The consequence of major biliary tract injury include a complex post - operative course resulting in a lengthy hospital stay with an increased risk of death, an excessive number of diagnostic and therapeutic studies, frequent re-admissions (often as emergencies) and a lifelong risk of re-stricture.
		A number of predisposing factors have been associated with bile duct injury during cholecystectomy including acute cholecystitis, congenital anomalies of the bile ducts, intra-operative bleeding from the cystic artery or hepatic artery and finally, failure to identify the structures of the triangle of Calot.
	www.hepato-biliarysurgery.com /lesVB.htm (469 words)

	Gallbladder and Bile Duct Surgery
		The bile duct system and gallbladder (collectively known as the biliary tree) are involved in the drainage and delivery of bile from the liver into the intestine.
		The most common disorder of the biliary tree is cholelithiasis or gallstones.
		Operations on the biliary tree can be done very safely and usually without blood transfusion (see bloodless surgery).
	www.livertransplant.org /gallbladderbileductsurgery.html (327 words)

	Article : Images - Choledochal Cyst ; Author : H Singh ; Co-Author(s) : V Khanna, B Puri, V Maurya, R Sivasankar ; Vol ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is a common congenital anomaly of the biliary tree.
		The role of imaging in the evaluation of choledochal cyst is to delineate the anatomy of the cyst, determine the relationship of the cyst to the rest of the intra and extrahepatic biliary tree, evaluate associated complications and biliary tree abnormalities.
		Sonography is useful in assessing the full extent of biliary duct dilatation and for identifying the communication between the cyst and the biliary tree as seen in this case.
	www.ijri.org /articles/archives/2002-12-2/abdominal_225.htm (1225 words)

	Quantitative Assessment of the Rat Intrahepatic Biliary System by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction -- Masyuk et al. 158 ...
		A bifurcation is defined as a point along the biliary tree at which the bile duct divides and a segment as that part of the biliary tree between bifurcations.
		A: Length of the biliary tree was calculated as a sum of length of the individual bile duct segments along the major branch.
		LaRusso NF: Morphology, physiology and biochemistry of biliary epithelia.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/158/6/2079 (4769 words)

	Normal and Abnormal Development of the Biliary Tree (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By week 16, the architectural organization of the hepatic parenchyma and vasculature is well-established, and the extrahepatic biliary tree is substantively formed.
		However, development of the intrahepatic biliary tree continues throughout gestation and after birth, owing in part to the massive growth of the liver that occurs throughout gestation and into the first years of childhood.
		The intrahepatic biliary tree forms out of the interplay between the early hepatic endodermal cells, the hepatoblasts, and the mesenchyme of the primitive liver.
	www.eurekah.com /abstract.php?chapid=1591&bookid=66&catid=72 (285 words)

	MUSC DDC - Pancreas & Biliary Tree
		The biliary juices (bile) are made in the tissues of the liver (hepatic parenchyma), and then pass into the biliary ductal system (picture).
		The bile duct (biliary) system provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the duodenum (through the papilla of Vater).
		The small ducts join together like branches to form the main biliary tree, with one trunk which is formed just outside the surface of the liver.
	www.ddc.musc.edu /ddc_pub/digestiveOrgans/pancBiliary.htm (1671 words)

	ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Investigation of liver and biliary disease -- Beckingham and ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jaundice is the commonest presentation of patients with liver and biliary disease.
		biliary obstruction as dilated bile ducts are visible.
		Cholangiography identifies the level of biliary obstruction and often the cause.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/322/7277/33 (1445 words)

	American Family Physician: Air in the biliary tree as a sign of small bowel obstruction
		Air in the Biliary Tree as a Sign of Small Bowel Obstruction Pneumobilia, or air in the biliary tree, is most commonly seen in patients following surgery in which a biliary-enteric anastomosis has been created or a sphincterotomy (sphincter of Oddi) has been performed.
		The mechanism by which air gains entry into the biliary tree appears to be related to the high intraviscus pressure that develops with bowel obstruction, producing dilatation and possibly incompetence of the sphincter of Oddi.
		The authors note that air in the biliary tree may be a more common finding than is currently recognized and may be an associated finding with proximal small bowel obstruction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n3_v39/ai_7627215 (344 words)

	American College of Surgeons
		Preoperative biliary disease was described as chronic cholecystitis in 14 patients (35 percent) or acute cholecystitis in 26 patients (65 percent).
		At the follow-up evaluation, symptoms of biliary tract disease were absent in all patients, and no patients had been rehospitalized for biliary tract disease.
		Although prompt identification of biliary tract disease may be linked to outcomes, the use of standard diagnostic testing for biliary tract disease in HIV and AIDS has been controversial.
	www.facs.org /jacs/articles/397full.html (3916 words)

	UCSF Department of Surgery - Pathophysiology of Cholangitis
		In the past, we have identified the pathways, whereby, bacterial organisms reach the venous circulation from the biliary tree (i.e., cholangiovenous reflux), the factors facilitating this cholangiovenous reflux (eg., elevated biliary pressure due to obstruction), and the potential source of bacteria in the biliary tree.
		The general hypothesis of this research is that bacteria infecting the biliary tree are a unique subset of gut organisms that possess specific virulence factors facilitating access to and persistence in the biliary tract.
		Bacteria enter the biliary tree as a result of 1) bacterial translocation in the gut; 2) bacterial passage into the portal vein; 3) passage of live bacteria through the liver into the biliary tree; and 4) survival (colonization) in the biliary tree; or 5) reflux into the biliary tree from the duodenum.
	www.surgery.ucsf.edu /research/pathoph.html (562 words)

	gas in the biliary tree which is dilated - photoalbum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This plain xray shows gas in the biliary tree which is dilated.
		This most commonly occurs in patients who have had surgery to the common bile duct or gall bladder such as cholecyst enterostomy, choledocho duodenostomy, ERCP and sphincterotomy, or hepatico jejunostomy.
		It may also be seen in gall stone ileus where a gall stone has eroded from the gall bladder into the duodenum and, very rarely, due to gas forming organisms in the biliary tree.
	www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk /photoalbum/ph70.htm (95 words)

	eMedicine - Biliary Atresia : Article by Steven Schwarz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Patients with biliary atresia may be subdivided into 2 distinct forms, which are (1) those with isolated biliary atresia (postnatal form), accounting for 65-90% of cases, and (2) patients with associated situs inversus or polysplenia/asplenia with or without other congenital anomalies (fetal/embryonic form), comprising 10-35% of cases.
		In cases in which biliary patency is associated with ductal hypoplasia, further surgical intervention is not indicated, and bile may be collected to evaluate for disorders of bile acid metabolism.
		Landing BH: Considerations of the pathogenesis of neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia and choledochal cyst--the concept of infantile obstructive cholangiopathy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic237.htm (4372 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Histologic assessment of biliary obstruction with different percutaneous endoluminal ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Patients with obstructive jaundice often undergo percutaneous biliary cholangiography and drainage (PBD) for decompression of the biliary tree.
		In our study, three different endoluminal sampling techniques for the characterization of biliary strictures of uncertain nature have been reviewed and comparatively evaluated with the purpose of determining which one of them is the most accurate for differentiating between benign or malignant pathology.
		Malignant cells surrounding the biliary ducts may continuously exfoliated into the bile, especially in the case of tumors which breack through the mucosa, and become available for the cytological examination when the bile is collected either percutaneously or by ERCP.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2342/4/3 (4873 words)

	Stein and Battistella, Classification And Percutaneous Treatment Of Post-Traumatic Biliary Leaks (Site not responding. Last check: )
		: A persistent leak from the biliary tree manifesting as a biloma, a controlled bile fistula or an uncontrolled bile leak is a rare complication after hepatobiliary trauma.
		CT scan or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram confirmed the diagnosis of a biliary leak.
		All patients survived and resolved their biliary leaks - one required further surgery and a second is undergoing conservative treatment for a biliary stricture.
	www.aast.org /01abstracts/01absPoster_075.html (293 words)

	Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Disease
		Some patients experience biliary colic, an intermittent and often severe pain in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant and at times between the scapula caused by temporary obstruction of the cystic duct with a gallstone.
		Once biliary dilatation or the presence of a common duct stone is noted on an imaging study, or biliary obstruction is strongly suspected on clinical grounds despite negative imaging studies, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERC) is recommended.
		Mirizzi's syndrome is caused by an impacted cystic duct stone leading to gallbladder distention and subsequent compression of the extrahepatic biliary tree.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /diseasemanagement/gastro/gallbladder/gallbladder.htm (2701 words)

	USCAP 2003 Annual Meeting
		Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree is a rare though highly malignant lesion occurring almost exclusively in children.
		Case 2: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree.
		Rhabdomyosarcoma of extrahepatic biliary tree: initial treatment with chemotherapy and conservative surgery.
	www.uscap.org /site~/92nd/specliveh5.htm (577 words)

	Jaundice: Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease: Merck Manual Professional
		These tests can detect abnormalities within the biliary tree and focal liver lesions but are less accurate in diagnosing diffuse hepatocellular disorders (eg, hepatitis, cirrhosis).
		Because it predisposes to puncture of the biliary tree, which can cause peritonitis, ductal dilation should be ruled out (by ultrasound or CT) before biopsy.
		Decompression of extrahepatic biliary obstruction usually requires laparotomy, endoscopy (eg, for removal of ductal stones) or, for strictures or partially obstructed areas, insertion of stents and drainage catheters.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec03/ch022/ch022d.html (2644 words)

	MUSC DDC - Diseases: Pancreas & Biliary Tree
		Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes swollen and inflamed, and does not work properly.
		As with all types of inflammation, the number of white cells in the blood stream may be increased.
		Similar pains can be caused by cancer of the pancreas (although this is not usually intermittent), stones in the gallbladder and bile duct (biliary colic), or severe types of gastric or duodenal ulcer.
	www.ddc.musc.edu /ddc_pub/digestiveProbs/diseases/pancBiliary/pancreatitis.htm (2293 words)

	SRS-X, The SRS Educational Resource for Radiology, Gas in the biliary tree
		This is the appearance of gas within the biliary tree.
		The gas then tends to be more peripheral and fragmented, whereas gas in the biliary tree frequently outlines the common bile duct and major branches.
		In the former, the stone often impacts in the distal small bowel causing small bowel obstruction (gallstone ileus), and the combination of obstruction and biliary gas should suggest this (whether the stone is visible or not).
	www.radiology.co.uk /srs-x/cases/066/d.htm (252 words)

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