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Topic: Bilineal descent

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	Kinship and descent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology.
		A unilineal society (such as the Iroquois system) is one in which the descent of an individual is reckoned either from the mother's or the father's descent group.
		In a society which reckons descent bilineally, or bilaterally (such as the Eskimo system), descent from both father and mother is equally important.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kinship_and_descent (669 words)

	Matrilineality - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant (of either sex) in which the individuals in all intervening generations are female.
		In a matrilineal descent system (= uterine descent), an individual is considered to belong to the same descent group as his or her mother.
		The view of matrilineal descent as originating at the time of Yavneh is openly held by scholars affiliated with the Conservative movement.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Uterine (913 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Descent Principles (Part 1)
		In societies using matrilineal descent, the social relationship between children and their biological father tends to be different than most people would expect due to the fact that he is not a member of their matrilineal family.
		Cognatic descent is known to occur in four variations: bilineal, ambilineal, parallel, and bilateral descent.
		Descent from either males or females is recognized, but individuals may select only one line to trace descent.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/kinship_2.htm (951 words)

	The Ultimate Kinship and descent - American History Information Guide and Reference
		In a society which reckons descent bilineally (such as the Eskimo system), descent from both father and mother is equally important.
		A lineage is a descent group who can demonstrate their common descent from an apical ancestor.
		A clan is a descent group that claims common descent from an apical ancestor but cannot demonstrate it (stipulated descent).
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Descent_group (590 words)

	The Nature of Kinship: Glossary of Terms
		This is not the same as bilineal descent.
		a bilateral descent based kin naming system in which members of the nuclear family are given terms of reference based only on their gender and generation.
		Unlike bilineal descent, every individual is a member of only one unilineage.
	anthro.palomar.edu /kinship/glossary.htm (2015 words)

	Dynamist Blog: STILL MORE NAME STRATEGIES
		In patrilineal descent, the family name is passed down through the father's line.
		Back when I was studying cultural anthropology, I came across a different approach called bilineal descent.
		In bilineal descent, sons take the father's name and daughters take the wife's name.
	www.dynamist.com /weblog/archives/000941.html (267 words)

	ANTH 1023: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
		Bilineal Descent: double descent; a system tracing descent matrilineally for some purposes and patrilineally for others.
		Ambilineal Descent: descent in which the individual may affiliate with either the mother's or the father's descent group.
		Bilateral Descent: descent is traced from all ancestors regardless of their gender.
	www.projectpast.org /jcbrandon/courses/1023/1023_test2.asp (1477 words)

	Kinship
		While almost all human cultures recognize an individual's relationship to both one's mother and father and their relations, almost all societies determine that one line of descent is vastly more important than the other.
		An individual in a bilateral descent group calculates their descent through both their father and mother.
		When your descent is reckoned either through the mother's line or the father's line, depending on your own gender, but not through both, then the kinship descent is duolineal or bilineal.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GLOSSARY/KINSHIP.HTM (773 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is in contrast with an ambilateral system which traces descent through either paternal or maternal ancestors, and also in contrast to a unilateral system in which all members of a society must trace descent through their maternal ancestors or all trace through paternal ancestors.
		The rules of descent determine those to whom a person considers himself to be related from among all his biological kin.
		Bilinear descent is used synonymously with bilateral descent and is the custom in the United St ates.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~baxter/hist381/terms/bilineal.htm (138 words)

	Anthropology :: Glossary
		bilineal - descent in which the individual figures kinship through both the father's and mother's descent group.
		descent group - a kin group whose members are recruited by one of the principles of descent; e.g., matrilineal, patrilineal, etc.
		sister exchange - a shorthand label for a marriage system in which men of different descent groups exchange women who are sometimes their own sisters or daughters and sometimes parallel cousins or the daughters of parallel cousins.
	oregonstate.edu /cla/anthropology/resources/glossary.php (4148 words)

	Ancestors, sociology and comparative analysis
		These three descent constructs in turn define, with reference to any salient ancestor, three categories: agnatic descendants (A); cognatic descendants (B) (subsuming A), and nonagnatic descendants, (C or B-A) (i.e., a category of all B's who are not A's).
		Though patrilineal descent is overwhelmingly important in the jural, economic, and ritual constitution of Tale society...
		It indicates the inadequacies of stressing the differences between Kwaio and Tallensi on grounds that the Tallensi lineages are 'strictly agnatic', that relations between ancestors and their agnatic descendants are qualitatively different from their relations with nonagnatic descendants, and that the rights of Tale agnates and nonagnates in ritual and sacrifice are sharply distinguished.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /ERA/Ancestors/man18-1.html (3506 words)

	weirdjews2: A Little Pesach/Roomate Kvetch
		No doubt that bilineal descent began largely as a practical issue in response to intermarriage, but at this point I think that almost everyone in Reform has accepted the policy as philosophically consistent with what the movement believes.
		I mean, the matrilineal descent was a pragmatic move by the Rabbis at the time as well (obviously it wasn't something practiced all that much from Sinai on), but it's one of those issues that drove a deep wedge between Reform and the rest of Judaism.
		The way I see it, had the movement not adopted a bilineal descent policy, its membership would have chafed in their largely fruitless attempts to meet the standards of traditionalists outside the movement.
	community.livejournal.com /weirdjews2/484217.html (2948 words)

	Kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sib a kinship dispersed, unilineal descent from either temporarily or ancestress with the fact.
		Appropriate descent status kinship in a pair of ones parents are eligible for adoption family relationship.
		, the cognatic kinship descent, in the workplace.
	kinship.savvytalent.com (859 words)

	Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		- descent is traced through the father's family.
		- descent is traced through the mother's family.
		- descent is traced thur both father and mother's family.
	www.tomcravens.com /fam.html (196 words)

	Study Guide #4 Kinship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Descent traced through the male line for some purposes and the female line for other purposes
		Tracing descent in which both male and female lines are recognized; it is up to the individual to choose between them
		Descent traced through the female line only for women and the male line only for men
	www.warren-wilson.edu /~socanth/coursepages/200handout4.html (240 words)

	Practice Quiz: Chapter 2
		The family system is always made up of sexual possession and economic property.
		Bilineal descent means that sons and daughters inherit property from their parents.
		In all societies, the marriage contract includes some version of material property traded in return for an arrangement of sexual possession.
	web.bryant.edu /~mfraleig/soc356/Quiz/q2.htm (232 words)

	[No title]
		Evaluate this assertion based on Reed's discussion of the Guarani adaptation to the rain forest and Lee’s discussion of the !Kung way of life as foragers.
		How are patrilineal and matrilineal societies similar to and/or different from societies that practice bilateral/bilineal patterns of descent?
		You may cite examples from the readings and your own experience to illustrate your points (e.g., Rynkiewich's discussion, the American family etc.).
	www.csubak.edu /~jgranskog/A100/An100ReviewQ2F05.doc (1078 words)

	kin 2:1
		Bilineal Descent: The tracing of relationship through both male and female links
		Double Descent: An individual belongs to one group through agnatic descent, another through uterine descent; frequently different types of property and rights are passed through the two sexes.
		Lineage: "A consanguineal kin group practicing unilineal descent, which includes only persons who can actually trace their relationship to a common ancestor; that is, a lineage is all the unilineal descendants of a known common ancestor or ancestress" (Schusky)
	www.alanmacfarlane.com /kin/kin2_1.html (508 words)

	Cultural Anthropology -- University of Minnesota Duluth
		matrilineal (uterine) = unilineal descent through women, where individuals join the mother's group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life
		bilateral descent = descent traced through both sexes: mother and father, sister and brother, daughter and son, and so on
		ambilineal = principle of descent that does not automatically exclude the children of either sons or daughters
	www.d.umn.edu /cla/faculty/troufs/anth1604/cakinship.html (739 words)

	Religion - Who Is a Jew? - Jewish Reference: People, Places, and All Things Jewish
		This policy is commonly (though somewhat inaccurately) known as patrilineal descent; bilineal descent may be a more appropriate name.
		Therefore, there are no laws governing matrilineal descent, and it is possible for to be considered ½ or ¼ Jewish, depending on ancestry.
		For example, it is not uncommon for a non-religious person from Russia who has one Jewish parent to refer to themselves as being a "Half Russian/Half Jewish", whether that parent is the mother or father.
	www.jewishreference.com /religion-whoisajew.html (3034 words)

	Definitions of Anthropological Terms
		cognatic descent - tracing descent through both the females and males in one's lineage.
		corporate descent group - a descent group that owns or controls property.
		Go To descent group - a kin group whose members are recruited by one of the principles of descent; e.g., matrilineal, patrilineal, etc.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/anth370/gloss.html (5720 words)

	Cultural Anthropology -- University of Minnesota Duluth
		lineal relative = kin in your direct line of descent, i.e.
		bilineal descent = males descend through males, females through females
		descent group = a permanent social unit whose members claim common ancestry; fundamental to tribal society
	www.d.umn.edu /claweb/faculty/troufs/anth1604/cakinship.html (739 words)

	kin 3:2
		Ancestor-focus: "Members trace their relationship lineally through either or both sexes to a common known or unknown ancestor", thus a non-unilineal descent group may be formed
		Descending Kindred: "Membership is raced from an ancestor, ancestress, or an ancestral pair.
		Primogeniture: Literally, fist born; a system of inheritance through male primogeniture is quite common in Europe, whereby the eldest son inherits, but in certain areas ultimogeniture (inheritance by the last born) exits
	www.alanmacfarlane.com /kin/kin3_2.html (461 words)

	Week 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Describe and give examples of the three types of descent systems:
		Learn about the rough correspondence of unilineal and bilineal descent with different modes of production.
		Understand how a person's status in the kinship system defines their social relationship to others.
	online.middlesex.cc.ma.us /so1101/week12.htm (177 words)

	ANT111studyguidechapter8
		Systems of descent: There are five main types of descent.
		three systems of unilineal descent: patrilineal, matrilineal, and double unilineal descent.
		Unilineal descent systems result in unilineal descent groups.
	www.ship.edu /~calove/ANT111studyguidechapter8.html (551 words)

	[No title]
		Give examples of societies with matrilineal and with patrilineal descent groups, and societies with bilateral kindreds.
		Under what economic conditions are matrilineal descent groups most likely to be found?
		Some terms: rules of descent, kindred, bilateral kindred, descent group, unilineal, ambilineal, bilineal, corporate descent groups, parallel and cross cousins, matriarchy, patriarchy, primogeniture Marriage: Why is marriage difficult to define?
	uwacadweb.uwyo.edu /anth1200/Exam2ReviewSheetSpring2005.doc (721 words)

	Kinship network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Participants principal investigator douglas white participating faculty and postdocs.
		See also matrilineal, descent group, with matrilocal residence followed.
		Be the kinship network first place, by adam pertman.
	kinship.savvytalent.com /kinship-network.html (894 words)

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