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Topic: Binary Phase Shift Keying

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Phase modulation

Signal (information theory)

Manchester encoding

Signal processing

Modulation

Frequency modulation

Bandwidth

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	Modulation Basics
		Frequency-shift keying adjusts the frequency, and phase-shift keying manipulates the phase.
		Frequency-shift keying has some attractive characteristics, but it generally does not use bandwidth very efficiently and is not suitable for applications where bandwidth efficiency is crucial.
		Binary phase-shift keying takes each input bit individually and chooses one of two possible phases to represent that bit value—so for example, to send a "0," a phase of 0 degrees might be chosen, and to send a "1," a phase of 180 degrees might be chosen.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/03_sidebar2.html (609 words)

	Data Modulation Schemes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A single bit transition, 1 to 0 or 0 to 1, causes a 180 degree phase shift in the carrier.
		Transitions in the data cause the carrier to shift by either 90 or 180 degrees.
		Staggered Quadraphase Shift Keying - Two data channels modulate the carrier as in QPSK but the data channels are offset by 1/2 bit position so the carrier shifts 90 degrees.
	msp.gsfc.nasa.gov /tdrss/mod.html (229 words)

	Phase-shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Each of these phases is assigned a unique pattern of binary bits.
		This yields the four phases π / 4, 3π / 4, 5π / 4 and 7π / 4 as needed.
		The reason is that the in phase and quadrature phase components of the OQPSK cannot be simultaneously zero.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phase-shift_keying (3723 words)

	The KD2BD Pacsat Modem
		The Phase Locked Loop regenerates the 2400 Hz carrier, producing a noise-free waveform of constant amplitude locked in frequency and in phase with that of the BPSK carrier.
		Since the phase detector switches at the zero crossing point of the sinusoidal BPSK waveform, the detrimental effects of phase jitter and transmitted phase noise are minimized.
		With the BPSK demodulator designed for a signal properly tuned to within a few tens of Hertz, it is necessary to use an automatic frequency control system to keep the downlink receiver properly tuned to a BPSK transmission during a satellite pass.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/articles/kd2bd/Pacsat_Modem (4883 words)

	Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation
		With Gaussian minimum shift keying, input bits with rectangular (+1, -1) representation are converted to Gaussian (bell-shaped) pulses by a Gaussian filter before further smoothing by a frequency modulator.
		With Gaussian minimum shift keying, there are no well-defined phase transitions to detect for bit synchronization, and the energy from each bit is mixed with the energy from several other bits.
		In other words, the Gaussian minimum shift keying waveform is usually less power-efficient than more traditional waveforms such as binary phase-shift keying and requires a more complex receiver, but this potential reduction in power efficiency and increase in receiver complexity could be rewarded with a very significant enhancement of bandwidth efficiency.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/winter2002/03.html (2366 words)

	Week 3 Extended Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		BPSK (modulation is basically placing a signal “on top of” a different carrier signal before transmission).
		When referring to waveforms, the word "phase" is a relative term--it relates the position of a waveform's feature (such as a peak) to that same feature on the same waveform or to the same feature on another waveform.
		When a different piece of information needs to be described, however, the phase of the carrier signal will change, and the pattern will become "down, up, down, up." One way to put it is that the "sense" of the carrier signal has changed once it became necessary to describe another piece of the digital information.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~tmi/stevens/stevens_week3_extended.htm (752 words)

	[No title]
		A constant frequency carrier is used, and its phase is flipped from 0 to 180 degrees to represent binary 1's and 0's.
		There are 3 circuits - the Phase Keying Signal Shaper shapes the phase modulating signal before it is applied to either the Linear BPSK modulator, or the Variable Phase modulator.
		Phase modulation (PM) is a method of impressing data onto an alternating-current (AC) waveform by varying the instantaneous phase of the wave.
	www.lycos.com /info/phase-modulation.html?page=2 (461 words)

	BPSK Basics
		Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a modulation technique that has proven to be extremely effective for LowFER and MedFER operation, as well as for amateur HF work.
		In BPSK modulation, the phase of the RF carrier is shifted 180 degrees in accordance with a digital bit stream.
		The 180-degree phase shift modulation is achieved by feeding the BPSK output of the computer or the VE2IQ keyer to one input of an exclusive-or gate, and the RF signal from the exciter to the other input.
	www.mlecmn.net /~lyle/watsbpsk.htm (4925 words)

	Reduction of Phase Ambiguity in an Offset-QPSK Receiver
		Proposed modifications of an offsetquadri- phase-shift keying (offset- QPSK) transmitter and receiver would reduce the amount of signal processing that must be done in the receiver to resolve the QPSK fourfold phase ambiguity.
		Resolution of the phase ambiguity is necessary in order to synchronize, with the received carrier signal, the signal generated by a local oscillator in a carrier-tracking loop in the receiver.
		The twofold phase ambiguity would then be resolved by use of a unique synchronization word, as is commonly done in binary phase-shift keying (BPSK).
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/May04/NPO30384.html (503 words)

	SeaSolve - Glossary
		BPSK: Binary Phase shift keying abbreviated as BPSK is a modulation technique where the carrier is shifted by 180 degrees in accordance with a digital bit stream.
		Four phase shifts are possible for an encoding rate of two data bits per symbol.
		Phase Offset: Difference in reference phase of transmitted waveform and received waveform is called phase offset, expressed in degree.
	www.seasolve.com /glossary.html (2799 words)

	BPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a type of phase modulation using 2 distinct carrier phases to signal ones and zeros.
		It uses two phases which are separated by 180° and so can also be termed 2-PSK.
		It is, however, only able to modulate at 1bit/symbol (as seen in the figure) and so is unsuitable for high data-rate applications.
	www.javvin.com /wireless/BPSK.html (109 words)

	Manchester Data Encoding for Radio Communications - Maxim/Dallas
		This form of binary phase-shift keying is a simple method for encoding digital serial data of arbitrary bit patterns without any long strings of continuous zeros or ones, and having the encoding clock rate embedded within the transmitted data.
		Manchester encoding is a form of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) that has gained wide acceptance as the modulation scheme for low-cost radio-frequency (RF) transmission of digital data.
		A key benefit of Manchester encoding is that, on average, the DC component level of the encoded data stream is zero.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/3435 (1226 words)

	BPSK - Binary Phase-Shift Keying
		Binary Phase Shift Keying - Digital DSB suppressed carrier modulation.
		BPSK is a digital frequency modulation technique used for sending data over a coaxial cable network.
		Bi Phase Shift Keying - A method of modulating a microwave carrier so that data is translated into 90° phase shifts of the carrier.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/BPSK.asp (174 words)

	CS698T: 2005-06-I Semester: Lecture Number 06
		Phase Modulation : phase of the carrier wave is varied according to the message signal.
		Usually, the instantaneous frequency is shifted between two discrete values termed the mark frequency and the space frequency.
		The phase of the carrier signal is changed to predetermined values in accordance with the message signal.
	www.cse.iitk.ac.in /users/cs698t/Lecture_notes/lecture6/lecture6.htm (967 words)

	Wireless LAN - Patent 5487069 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A peer-to-peer LAN as claimed in claim 29, wherein said mQAM modulation is one of: multi-level amplitude phase shift keying (mASK), permutation modulation, binary phase shift keying (BPSK), multi-level phase shift keying (mPSK) and multi-level amplitude phase keying (mAPK).
		In the BPSK embodiment, incorporating forward error correction, the incoming binary data stream at a bit rate "b" is encoded using a conventional forward error correction scheme such as, but not restricted to Reed-Solomon or convolutional coding.
		It is also possible to use multiple level phase shift keying modulation on each of the carriers transmitted and a corresponding demodulator on the receiver.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5487069.html (8021 words)

	Digital modulation, ASK, FSK and PSK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		These are the altering of the amplitude, frequency and phase of the carrier sine wave.
		The fact that AM simply shifts the signal spectrum is often used to convert the carrier frequency to a more suitable value without altering the modulation.
		With binary modulations such as ASK, FSK and BPSK, the signaling rate equals the bit-rate.
	www.cs.ucl.ac.uk /staff/S.Bhatti/D51-notes/node12.html (426 words)

	labelectronics-oscillator harley oscillator colpiti's oscillator crystal oscillator pierce OSCILLATOR phaseshift ...
		PSK Demodulator consists of 565 Phase locked loop IC and an operational amplifier to demodulate the PSK signal by adjusting the PLL to the centre of the PSK signal.
		The Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) transmitter IC is a monollthic bipolar IC dedicated to quadrature modulation of the I and Q signals.
		Amplitude shift keying modulator describes the technique the carrier wave is multiplied by the digital signal f(t).
	www.labelectronics.com /advcommutrn.htm (2317 words)

	Network Computing \| Workshop \| Infrastructure \| Anatomy of IEEE 802.11b Wireless \| Page 1 \| August 7, 2000
		For 1-Mbps transmission, BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying) is used (one phase shift for each bit).
		To accomplish 2-Mbps transmission, QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is used.
		Thus, on 802.11 devices, as you move away from the radio, the radio adapts and uses a less complex (and slower) encoding mechanism to send data.
	www.networkcomputing.com /1115/1115ws2.html (1004 words)

	What is phase-shift keying? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: PSK, PSK31
		- Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a method of digital communication in which the phase of a transmitted signal is varied to convey information.
		If the phase of the wave changes by 180 degrees -- that is, if the phase reverses -- then the signal state changes (from 0 to 1, or from 1 to 0).
		In this mode, the data transmission rate is 31.25 baud (state changes per second), and the signal bandwidth is approximately 31 Hz.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213937,00.html (447 words)

	BT Designer: Glossary: A - E
		BPSK Binary Phase Shift Key: A data bit is signalled by two possible phase values.
		The phase in the sequence is derived from an estimate of the master's clock.
		DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying: As BPSK, but it is the phase change which is significant.
	www.btdesigner.com /atoe.htm (2276 words)

	Gaussian minimum shift keying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gaussian minimum shift keying or GMSK is a kind of continuous phase frequency-shift keying.
		The baseband modulation is generated by starting with a bitstream 0/1 and a bit-clock giving a timeslice for each bit.
		This is the type of modulation used in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) - although that system includes differential encoding of the bitstream, which makes the overall modulation behave like a kind of continuous phase Binary Phase Shift Keying with constant envelope.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaussian_minimum_shift_keying (308 words)

	Binary Phase Shift Keying
		Summary: Introduces a method for representing bits with an analog signal known as binary phase shift keying.
		To be able to view the math in this document, use the PDF version, or please consider using another browser, such as Mozilla, Netscape 7 or above or Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or above (MathPlayer required for IE).
		Twice the baseband bandwidth because both positive and negative frequencies are shifted to the carrier by the modulation: 3R.
	cnx.org /content/m10280/latest (692 words)

	Shift Keying Techniques
		Another shift register and counter at the receiver is used to convert the
		Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a form of modulation in which the phase of the
		A phase locked loop is a well known method of demodulating an FM signal.
	saint.419.removed.us /keying.html (2554 words)

	THE SHAPE OF BITS TO COME
		The output then is simply a frequency shifted replica of the input data, much the same as when the input is speech.
		FM is simple to generate, much simpler to process on receive in the presence of mistuning such as doppler shift or receiver drift, and is very robust.
		Linear phase filters result in a transmit bit shape that is left-right symmetric.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/articles/g3ruh/108.html (3671 words)

	phase-shift keying - a Whatis.com definition
		Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a method of digital communication in which the phase of a transmitted signal is varied to convey information.
		Because there are two possible wave phases, BPSK is sometimes called biphase modulation.
		The main advantage of PSK31 is its excellent signal-to-noise ratio (S/N or SNR), which allows communication under adverse conditions such as severe fading, noise, or interference where other communications modes fail.
	whatis.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,,sid9_gci213937,00.html (412 words)

	No Title
		These set of symbols are formed by switching or keying the amplitude, frequency or phase of the carrier.
		Non-coherent means that the receiver must work out the phase and frequency of the carrier from the received signal.
		We really have two orthogonal streams, or two independent binary systems, as is shown by the dotted lines.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~murphyj/ee4/ee4part4/ee4part4.html (1875 words)

	ECS EPrints Service - Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		EPrints is free software developed by the University of Southampton to facilitate Open Access to research.
		Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems
		Chen, S., Tan, S. and Hanzo, L. Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems.
	eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /13111 (110 words)

	Modulation techniques
		Modulation techniques Modulation consists in superimposing the user or subscriber signal on a carrier signal which is more adequate to the transmission medium.
		In the process of modulation one at least of the three basic parameters of the carrier (amplitude, frequency or phase) is changed according to the user modulating signal,...
		Radio modulation modes Amplitude-shift keying, Multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK), Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Phase-shift keying, Amplitude modulation, Carrier frequency, Frequency modulation, Frequency-hopping spread spectrum, Single-sideband, Pulse-amplitude modulation, Pulse-code modulation, Pulse-position modulation modulation,...
	www.educypedia.be /electronics/modulation.htm (277 words)

	Block Reference (Communications Blockset) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Modulate using the differential binary phase shift keying method
		Modulate using the differential quaternary phase shift keying method
		Modulate using the offset quadrature phase shift keying method
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /doc/matlab/toolbox/commblks/ref/simref-7.html (561 words)

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