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Topic: Binary coding

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	Method for coding binary data and a device decoding coded data - Patent 4500871
		A method for coding binary data to be transmitted and a device for decoding coded data dispense with the need to transmit a direct-current component and make it possible to reconstitute clock signals from coded data without any addition of a particular channel.
		With this objective, the input signal constituted by a sequence of groups of eight binary data is converted to a coded signal constituted by a sequence of words of sixteen binary data associated respectively with the groups and having a data repetition frequency which is double the repetition frequency of the input signal data.
		In fact, since the coded signal consists of a sequence of 16-bit words associated with each of the states to be coded, it must accordingly be ensured that the serial association of words is not conducive to the appearance of "isolated" bits.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4500871.html (3615 words)

	(WO/1998/052346) LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION WITH TREE CODING
		First, the number of binary ones in the bitmap are counted and the resulting number is placed in the root node of a binary tree.
		The number of binary ones in the obtained sub-images are then counted and found to be two in the upper sub-image 105 and sixteen in the lower sub-image 107.
		Then a binary bi-level image to be transmitted or stored is input in a block 203, and the number of binary ones in that image are counted in a block 205.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/52346.981119&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2244 words)

	Information Science: Binary Coding (Site not responding. Last check: )
		First of all, binary codes can be thought of as a series of questions in a branching "tree" diagram.
		The average length of code is 11/2 + 21/4 + 31/8 + 41/8 = 1.875.
		Unfortunately, most codes do not conform to that special case, and if we had a very large list of members, designing a custom code by guess-and-check would be very tedious.
	homepage.mac.com /binsk/reports/coding (1142 words)

	Abstracts (Michael B. Baer)
		Codes obtained via this method are strict improvements on generalized Shannon codes and also minimize other desirable factors among codes minimizing maximum pointwise redundancy.
		Like the coding bounds for Huffman coding — which concern the traditional linear code objective of minimizing average codeword length — these are in terms of a form of entropy and the probability of the most probable input symbol.
		Huffman coding finds an optimal binary code for a random variable with a known probability mass function, in the sense that optimality is achieved by a code with minimum expected codeword length.
	hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu /~calbear/research/abstracts.html (3503 words)

	[No title]
		A discrete unencrypted coding system breaks the information to be recorded down into a series of independent symbols from some alphabet and then replaces each symbol by a binary code using the same code table for each symbol.
		A coding system is said to be fixed length if the binary code for every symbol has the same length.
		One way to change the sign for a signed binary number is to decode it to decimal, change the sign of the decimal number, and then code it back to signed binary.
	core.ecu.edu /csci/wirthj/Basen/signBin-c.html (1541 words)

	PHY107 Binary Codes
		This coding is an example of a binary coded (each decimal number maps to four bits) weighted (each bit represents a number, 1, 2, 4, etc.) code.
		The 4221 BCD code is another binary coded decimal code where each bit is weighted by 4, 2, 2 and 1 respectively.
		In pure binary coding or 8421 BCD then counting from 7 (0111) to 8 (1000) requires 4 bits to be changed simultaneously.
	www.shef.ac.uk /physics/teaching/phy107/codes.html (529 words)

	Literature search on bi-level image compression
		The time complexities of set operations are linearly proportional to the size (number) of the runlength Morton codes and the time complexities of conversions are linearly proportional to the number of the nodes in the corresponding quadtree/bintree with respect to the runlength Morton codes.
		The error image is then coded by hierarchical block coding, in which Huffman coding is used to encode the different bit patterns at the lowest level of the hierarchy.
		The method is to code the uniform areas with less computation and apply arithmetic coding to the areas with more variation.
	users.ece.utexas.edu /~bevans/papers/1999/jbig2/litsearch.html (3252 words)

	Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records (The Linda Schele Series in Maya and ...
		He then investigates the symbolic components of the binary coding system, the amount of information that could have been encoded, procedures that may have been used for reading the khipu, the nature of the khipu signs, and, finally, the nature of the khipu recording system itself—emphasizing relations of markedness and semantic coupling.
		Thus, my analogy to binary coding is just that, an analogy that is used to give the reader a general understanding of the type of system that is proposed.
		The "binary" nature he claims for the quipu encoding scheme is based on seven yes/no aspects of each knot -- things like the material the cord is made from, its color, its attachment type, and the direction the knot is tied in.
	www.xmlwriter.net /books/viewbook/Signs_of_the_Inka_Khipu:_Binary_Coding_in_the_Andean_Knotted_String_Records_(The_Linda_Schele_Series_in_Maya_and_Pre_Columbian_Studies)-0292785402.html (1703 words)

	Binary tree coding
		Indeed, because leaf codewords in a binary tree can apply to 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 children, there is good reason to believe they will be more efficient than leaf codewords in a quadtree which can apply only to 4, 16 or 64 children.
		All that is required to turn the binary pyramid into a tree is to associate single-pel parents in level H(n) with pairs of children in level H(n-1).
		To confirm that the binary tree representation makes for efficient representation of blocks of zeros, the test images were coded (using the predictor and quantizers described later) with and without leaf codewords.
	www.elec.york.ac.uk /visual/jar11/btpc/bintree.html (508 words)

	Huffman Coding
		David Huffman in 1954 designed a lossless coding procedure for a frame of values that has the smallest possible average code length.
		Huffman codes are not unique.) The average number of bits per value is then 0.41 + 0.22 + 0.23 + 0.14 + 0.14 = 2.2 which is less than the 3 in the binary* coding with equal probability.
		The final code sequence for the 22 bits needed to represent the frame would be 0,11,1010,11,0,001,1011,001,0,0.
	webphysics.davidson.edu /faculty/dmb/py115/huffman_coding.htm (592 words)

	binary
		This is a demonstration of a piece of code that I have found useful called binary coding.
		Rather than save the information for 20 organizations with each name, I decided to use binary coding converted to the decimal equivalent instead that allows only one number to have to be saved.
		As the binary coding is stripped out, the results can be saved into an array and used in a variety of ways.
	babek.info /libertybasicfiles/lbnews/nl107/binary.htm (369 words)

	ADC and DAC Glossary - Maxim/Dallas
		This code is similar to offset binary coding, which accommodates the positive and negative values of bipolar transfer functions.
		In offset binary coding, the most negative value (negative full scale) is represented by all zeros (00...000) and the most positive value (positive full scale) is represented by all ones (11...111).
		Signed binary is a coding scheme in which the MSB represents the sign (positive or negative) of a binary number.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/641 (3065 words)

	Huffman Codes
		We can assign a binary code to each symbol as follows: associate ``0'' with the path from a node to its left child, and ``1'' with the corresponding path to the right child.
		The code necessarily has the prefix property; the tree property means that a leaf node cannot appear on a path to another leaf.
		Conversely it is clear how to associate a binary tree with a binary code having the prefix property; the code describes the shape of the tree down to the leaf associated with each symbol.
	www.maths.abdn.ac.uk /~igc/tch/mx4002/notes/node59.html (1651 words)

	HTTP/1.1: Protocol Parameters
		Content codings are primarily used to allow a document to be compressed or otherwise usefully transformed without losing the identity of its underlying media type and without loss of information.
		This differs from a content coding in that the transfer-coding is a property of the message, not of the original entity.
		When the "chunked" transfer- coding is used, it MUST be the last transfer-coding applied to the message-body.
	www.w3.org /Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec3.html (4039 words)

	CABAC
		Support of additional coding tools such as interlaced coding, variable-block size transforms (as considered for Version 1 of H.264/AVC) as well as the later re-introduced, simplified use of 8x8 transforms have also been integrated at a time when the core design of CABAC was already reaching a level of technical maturity.
		In the regular coding mode, each bin value is encoded by using the regular binary arithmetic-coding engine, where the associated probability model is either determined by a fixed choice, without any context modeling, or adaptively chosen depending on the related context model.
		The context-modeling specifications for coding of binarized level magnitudes are based on the number of previously transmitted level magnitudes greater or equal to 1 within the reverse scanning path, which is motivated by the observation that levels with magnitude equal to 1 are statistical dominant at the end of the scanning path.
	iphome.hhi.de /marpe/cabac.html (1743 words)

	Image Compression
		Huffman coding compared to straight 3-bit binary coding has given a compression ratio of 1.16:1 or a 14% reduction in size.
		Arithmetic coding of a binary sequence is covered in the text.
		Run Length coding: If pixel values are correlated to their neighbors, then there will be sequences of the same value.
	academic.mu.edu /phys/matthysd/web226/L0423.htm (254 words)

	Compression
		The code of each symbol is the binary sequence labeling the path from the root down to the corresponding leaf
		Code Wa as (J,a) and append that code to the output
		For example, the 3-bit Gray code of 2 is 011, of 5 is 111, and of 7 is 100.
	www.seas.gwu.edu /~ayoussef/cs225/lossless.html (1594 words)

	(WO/2000/002319) REAL TIME ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR CODING IMAGES COMPRESSED BY DWT-BASED TECHNIQUES
		The Huffman Coding is efficient primarily when coding data sets S with a small N or that have a small variance, since Li grows in size almost linearly with an increase in N, the number of values in the set.
		The inability to tune the binary encoding process to the characteristic of the data set (or subset of the data set), may result in overall compression ratios that are not optimal.
		Instead of coding the quantized coefficients in LL sub-band, the error value between neighboring or successive values is encoded by an entropy coding scheme.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/02319.000113&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7394 words)

	Buy.com - Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records : Gary Urton : ISBN 9780292785397
		In this book, Gary Urton sets forth a pathbreaking theory that the manipulation of fibers in the construction of khipu created physical features that constitute binary-coded sequences which store units of information in a system of binary recordkeeping that was used throughout the Inka empire.
		Urton begins his theory with the making of khipu, showing how at each step of the process binary, either/or choices were made.
		He then investigates the symbolic components of the binary coding system, the amount of information that could have been encoded, procedures that may have been used for reading the khipu, the nature of the khipu signs, and, finally, the nature of the khipu recording system itself--emphasizing relations of markedness and semantic coupling.
	www.buy.com /prod/signs-of-the-inka-khipu-binary-coding-in-the-andean-knotted-string/q/loc/106/31104863.html (372 words)

	Binary Coding [Archive] - Antionline Forums - Maximum Security for a Connected World
		Assembly is as low level as it gets...next to machine language (binary).
		Another characteristic that is specific to processors is the hex code for different commands (ie.
		Coding is done in assembly, converting the Mnemonics to HEX then the HEX to BINARY and coding into the micro.
	www.antionline.org /archive/index.php/t-120734.html (3332 words)

	[No title]
		However, most of the time, this coding add some constraints, and the optimiser has to cope with them.
		That is why a binary coding that does not add any constraint is useful.
		With the present method whe have a) size(B) > size(P) b) an injection from P to B (coding) c) a surjection from B to P (decoding) This last point is particularly interesting for optimisation: sometimes several bit strings code the same permutation, so you have then a higher probability to find it.
	clerc.maurice.free.fr /Maths/BINARY_PERMUT_CODING.C (428 words)

	Binary Coding Systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because of this, these devices can only represent two states of nature on or off, an open or closed switch, the presence of a pulse or absence of that pulse.
		Thus 8-bit codes are now often referred to as Octets allowing for these 8-bit combinations to represents any type of communication.
		Binary numbers can be used to represent the corresponding decimal equivalents:
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~druby/iam/bits.html (489 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5274719 - Image data coding apparatus - December 28, 1993
		That is, as the MH and MR coding schemes are suitable for coding images having white dots or fl dots continuously arranged in a row, in a case where images having dispersed fl dots and white dots are coded in accordance with the MH or MR coding scheme, the coding efficiency is deteriorated.
		Binary data is scanned bit by bit, when a fl dot is detected, data bits between this first fl dot and the next detected fl dot including the data bit of the next detected fl dot are changed to the opposite state (i.e.
		Under the run-length coding algorithm, a group in which bits having logical value "1" corresponding to the fl dot are continuously arranged is defined as a fl-run, and a group in which bits having logical value "0" corresponding to the white dot are continuously arranged is defined as a white-run.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5274719.html (3624 words)

	Trends in Morphological Evolution in Homobasidiomycetes Inferred Using Maximum Likelihood: A Comparison of Binary and ...
		Ancestral state reconstructions under binary coding suggest that the ancestor of the homobasidiomycetes was resupinate and the ancestor of the euagarics clade was pileate- stipitate, but ancestral state reconstructions under multistate coding did not resolve the ancestral form of either node.
		Under binary coding B (0 = gasteroid), the rate of transformations from gasteroid to nongasteroid forms is about four times greater than the rate of transformations in the reverse direction in the unrestricted models, but the null model of equal rates could not be rejected.
		Analyses under binary coding C (0 = resupinate) suggest that the ancestor of the homobasidiomycetes was resupinate, whereas analyses under binary codings A, B, and D suggest that the ancestor was not pileate-stipitate, pileatesessile, or gasteroid (respectively), and analyses under binary coding E (0 = coralloid-clavarioid) were inconclusive.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=121750 (6819 words)

	Surround Sound Glossary ExtremeTech - Find Articles
		Binary mantissa A binary representation of the exponent "base number" such as used in scientific notation.
		Entropy coding A binary coding method in which source words that occur most often will be represented with short codewords, while infrequent words are represented by longer codewords; Huffman codes are examples of entropy codes.
		LPCM (linear pulse code modulation) A means to represent signals in which the amplitude of the signal at sample time is directly coded as a binary number.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_zdext/is_200106/ai_ziff1608 (805 words)

	Audit Manual, Ch 8, Sec 8.2 - Computer Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In EBCDIC coding, columns on magnetic tape may be magnetized in nine (tracks) areas denoting or symbolizing a different character on each column.
		This coding is a six bit code and the coding can produce up to sixty-four characters.
		This coding is a seven-bit code and the coding can produce up to one hundred twenty-eight characters.
	www.twc.state.tx.us /ui/tax/manuals/audit/aud_ch8_2.html (1402 words)

	Smart Computing Article - The Basics Of Binary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Binary code is a language made up of strings of these ones and zeros.
		Binary code "is just a representation of a number," says Randall Hyde, professor of computer science at the University of California-Riverside.
		Binary notation writes alphanumeric symbols in groups of zeros and ones, each digit worth a power of two greater than the one to its right, so a computer can understand them in machine language.
	www.smartcomputing.com /editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r0403/20r03/20r03.asp (2748 words)

	Literature search on bi-level image compression
		The time complexities of set operations are linearly proportional to the size (number) of the runlength Morton codes and the time complexities of conversions are linearly proportional to the number of the nodes in the corresponding quadtree/bintree with respect to the runlength Morton codes.
		The error image is then coded by hierarchical block coding, in which Huffman coding is used to encode the different bit patterns at the lowest level of the hierarchy.
		The method is to code the uniform areas with less computation and apply arithmetic coding to the areas with more variation.
	www.ece.utexas.edu /~bevans/papers/1999/jbig2/litsearch.html (3252 words)

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