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Topic: Binary images

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	Binary Images
		Binary images are images that have been quantised to two values, usually denoted 0 and 1, but often with pixel values 0 and 255, representing fl and white.
		Binary images are used in many applications since they are the simplest to process, but they are such an impoverished representation of the image information that their use is not always possible.
		Binary images are typically obtained by thresholding a grey level image.
	homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk /rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/OWENS/LECT2/node3.html (899 words)

	FaceBase Binary Vision Page
		Binary images are sometimes called "undithered","bilevel", or even the "raw primal sketch".
		Binary images can be printed and displayed on many devices that can't process Color or Grayscale images.
		Binary images are also easier, faster, and less expensive to copy, fax, and transmit.
	www.facebase.com /binary_v.html (200 words)

	ANSDIT - The letter "B"
		That part of a display image, such as a form overlay, that is not changed during a particular sequence of transactions.
		Illumination, reaching the image sensor, that is not reflected from the surface of the object, but is provided behind the object.
		A numeral in the binary system; for example: 101 is a binary numeral and V is the equivalent Roman numeral.
	www.ncits.org /tc_home/k5htm/b1.htm (2299 words)

	Proposals:Consistent usage of label and binary images - KitwarePublic
		Label images and binary images are not consistently defined in the toolkit currently: the definition is dependent of the class which manipulate the image.
		Most of the time, what is a binary image or a label image is not defined in the docstring of the class, and the user has to test, or to read the code of the class to know how those notions are used in a particular class.
		Example: usually, a mask is a binary image, not a label image (in some cases, a mask image is a grayscale image used to constrain the values of an image, during a dilation for example).
	www.cmake.org /Wiki/Proposals:Consistant_usage_of_label_and_binary_images (1371 words)

	Automated Page Orientation and Skew Angle Detection for Binary Document Images
		The term binary image refers to a two-dimensional binary function f(i,j), whose value is either 0 or 1, where i and j denote vertical and horizontal coordinates of the pixel respectively, and where the coordinates origin is located at the top left corner of the image.
		Formally, consider an n x n square binary image f(i,j) and let s be the total fl pixels of the square, h be the variance of the horizontal projection histogram and v be the variance of the vertical projection histogram.
		By dividing a binary image into squares in the page orientation case and using the bottom pixels of candidate objects in the skew angle case, our system of algorithms is able to reduce the inclusion of non-textual data and thus to increase the detection accuracy rate.
	archive.nlm.nih.gov /pubs/doc_class/prword.php (7490 words)

	Format
		Image digitization works by dividing the image into dots, giving each dot a value, and then storing all the dot values in sequence in a file.
		Binary images are satisfactory when the original object is fl and white only (such as printed text or line art).
		Because we need two bits for each pixel for a four greylevel image, as opposed to one bit for each pixel for a binary image, a two-bit image file will be twice the size of its one-bit counterpart.
	www.unc.edu /~dot/inls181/expert/format.html (612 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Digital Image Processing - Binary Threshold Level Selection - Interactive Java ...
		Binary segmentation is intended to reduce the vast information content of a grayscale image, while at the same time ensuring that the features of interest remain recognizable.
		When a large number of similar specimen images are captured under identical conditions, then it is often feasible to choose a single threshold level based on a subset of the images and then to apply this threshold level to all of the images in the collection.
		Because binary segmentation is often a necessary first step in performing operations such as skeletonization, dilation and erosion, as well as feature identification, measurement, and counting, automatic threshold level selection presents itself as a potentially useful technique for a wide range of applications in microscopy.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/java/digitalimaging/processing/automaticthresholding (2209 words)

	ImageMagick: Convert, Edit, and Compose Images
		Image identification: describe the format and properties of an image
		Image calculator: apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels
		High dynamic-range images: accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from the brightest direct sunlight to the deepest darkest shadows
	imagemagick.org (657 words)

	Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Digital Imaging - Boolean Operations on Digital Images - Interactive Java ...
		The group of specimen images consists of an original color or grayscale image, along with two binary images that were obtained by digitally processing the original image.
		Adjacent to the Specimen Images window is the Boolean Image window that displays the image that results from applying a series of boolean operations to the two binary specimen images.
		Visitors should examine the two binary images from each set of specimen images, and visitors should explore the results of applying the various boolean operations to the binary image pair.
	micro.magnet.fsu.edu /primer/java/digitalimaging/processing/booleanoperators (710 words)

	[No title]
		Binary morphology was used as a principal technique because it is fast, memory efficient and provides general routines for pattern matching.
		Suppose you have a binary image with all pixels ON.
		A general rasterop is an image operation that combines a rectangle of pixels of the source image with a rectangle of pixels in the destination image, where the combination operation can be any of 12 binary logical pixel-wise operations.
	www.leptonica.com /binary-morphology.html (6931 words)

	Binary images
		The input image has to be a binary image, and is modified.
		All 4-neighbour connected zones set to 1 in the input binary image will end up in the returned integer image as zones where all pixels are set to the same (unique for this blob in this image) label.
		The flood-fill is dimensioned by the number of lines in the image, and the maximal number of lines possibly covered by a blob.
	www.eso.org /observing/cpl/reference/group__cpl__image__binary.html (529 words)

	People's Daily Online -- Astronomers get first detailed images of binary asteroid
		The radar images of asteroid 1999 KW4 were obtained in May 2001, when the asteroid passed 4.8 million kilometers from Earth, the researchers said.
		The binary asteroid may have originated from the disruption of a rubble-pile precursor asteroid, and was sent into a spin when it came particularly close to the Sun or Earth, the researchers suggested.
		Binary systems in general are common in space, including binary stars and planet-moon pairs.
	english.people.com.cn /200610/13/eng20061013_311578.html (388 words)

	[No title]
		Binary Translation 1 Abstract Binary translation is a technique used to change an executable program for one computer architecture and operating system into an executable program for a different computer architecture and operating system.
		Images that depend on examining the VAX processor status longword (PSL) during exception handling must be modified, because the VAX PSL is not available within exception handlers.
		The idea of binary translation is becoming more common in the computer industry, as various other companies start on their transitions to 64-bit architectures.
	www.uruk.org /emu/Binary_Translation_01apr1993DTJ809SC.txt (8925 words)

	Automated borders detection and adaptive segmentation for binary document images
		The binary image is divided into squares whose size is dependent on image resolution (for 200 dpi, the size is about 80 pixels).
		Horizontal histograms are used for portrait images and vertical histograms are for landscape images.
		If a binary image is not modified (scaled up or down) after going through the page borders detection process, the results obtained from step 3.1 can be used for this step.
	archive.nlm.nih.gov /pubs/le/twocols/twocols.php (2640 words)

	5. Preservation-quality images: types and resolution
		Binary images provide significantly smaller file size and easier printability but the committee felt that these advantages were more significant in the consideration of options for access images (see Section 9 below).
		In the binary images, the distinction was lost.
		Upon examination of the images, the committee was surprised to see that the differences between the levels of resolution were not terribly significant.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/pictel/mddp305.htm (921 words)

	Hexagonal Pixels and Indexing Scheme for Binary Images
		A binary image on a rectangular grid is generated by raster scanning or by sampling on a stationary grid of rectangular pixels.
		The binary data on such an image are stored in a matrix form that lends itself readily to searches of line segments aligned with either or both of the perpendicular coordinate axes.
		Once the data have been resampled onto the hexagonal grid, the image can readily be checked for line segments aligned with the hexagonal coordinate axes, which typically lie at angles of 30°, 90°, and 150° with respect to say, the horizontal rectangular coordinate axis.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Apr04/MSC22901.html (581 words)

	Abstract of "Coding of Fractal Binary Images with Contractive Set Mappings Composed of Affine Transformations", Ph. D. ...
		There are also complex attractors resembling natural-looking images where the attractors are induced from only a few affine mappings which can be represented with a few bits.
		For set mappings to be useful for image coding, it is also necessary to have an algorithm which can find a set mapping that defines an attractor image which is close to the given image.
		It also has an inverse property regarding the number of affine mappings, which means that if the given image was generated by a set mapping, then under some conditions the algorithm can recover the mappings that generated the given image.
	www.bk.isy.liu.se /history/CodingOfFractalBinaryImagesWithContractiveSetMappingsComposedOfAffineTransformations.html (414 words)

	APOD Index - Stars: Binary Stars
		In a binary system, the higher mass star will evolve faster and will eventually become a compact object - either a white dwarf star, a neutron star, or fl hole.
		Some stars are members of close binary systems where material from one star swirls around the other in an accretion disk.
		The brighter yellow star is itself a binary star system, but too close together to be resolved even with a telescope.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/binary_stars.html (436 words)

	Binary fractal images
		Any division of the plane into equal areas by logarithmic spirals is an example of a binary fractal image.
		The patterns are derived directly from the standard binary numeral system: each pixel column represents a unique number, increasing from left to right, with the top of each portion of the image representing the least significant bit.
		The image was constructed by filling subregions of the boundary in Fig.
	lcni.uoregon.edu /~mark/Geek_art/Binary_fractal_images.html (1015 words)

	Kubrick at Binary Bonsai
		Owen Winkler has made a utility which can be used to easily replace the default blue Kubrick header with an image of your choosing.
		This will remove all the code that loads images bundled with the template, the color information is stored in wp-layout.css.
		Binary Bonsai is powered by WordPress 2.3.1 and K2
	binarybonsai.com /kubrick (853 words)

	NIST Scientific and Technical Databases NIST Machine - Print Database of Gray Scale and Binary Images (MPDB)
		NIST Machine-Print Database of Gray Scale and Binary Images (MPDB)
		These reference files are the ASCII text pages that were used to generate the original hardcopy that was digitized.
		This database is being distributed for use in the development and testing of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems on a common set of images.
	www.nist.gov /srd/nistsd8.htm (348 words)

	A. G-LEGION For Binary Images
		Since all final LCS's contain at least one leading vertex and all vertices within the same LCS are reachable from a leading vertex, we can construct an image segmentation algorithm that utilizes a region growing technique to identify pixels within the same region of an image.
		We use a leader as a seed from which a region is grown by traversing all possible pixel paths.
		A leader is a fl pixel with a sufficient number of fl pixels in the potential neighborhood of the corresponding leading oscillator (see (2)).
	www.cse.ohio-state.edu /~shareef/OSUTR26/journal-6.html (496 words)

	binary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		BINARY Monash Image Library BINARY These functions are for creating and manipulating binary images.
		At present binary images use 8 bits per pixel even though only 1 bit is required.
		threshold binary image setting all pixels below threshold to 0 and all equal to or above to 1.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /software/mil/binary.html (106 words)

	Displaying and Printing Images (Image Processing Toolbox) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Intensity images that happen to contain only 0's and 1's are not binary images.
		You may prefer to invert binary images when you display them, so that 0 values display as white and 1 values display as fl.
		In certain file formats, a binary image can be stored in a 1-bit format.
	www.technion.ac.il /guides/matlab/toolbox/images/display6.html (315 words)

	Binary Images are going to kill me - Real Estate Webmasters Forum
		I don't have a problem getting the images, but they come down encoded, but I can't figure out how they are encoded.
		I don't know if your MLS is storing the pics in their database in BLOB (Binary Large Object) fields - instead of in a simple folder as complete MIME files, which is a lot faster - but it's a bad idea if they are because you have to reconstruct them pixel-by-pixel...and then store them.
		The photos are sent as binary streams, and you have to write the photos as binary objects.
	www.realestatewebmasters.com /thread4030.html (751 words)

	CEDAR-CDROM 1
		The images are divided into subsets, indicated by a two-letter abbreviation, according to the sampling procedure that was used to select the images in that subset.
		The images contained in the first database were to be comprised of 2000 samples divided into 10 groups of 200 each.
		The binary images were bitpacked (compressed to one bit per pixel) before they were delta compressed.
	www.cedar.buffalo.edu /Databases/CDROM1 (2331 words)

	The Law Of Mutating Binary Images (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wherever mutating binary images are employed, there will exist components in the image which cannot be generated from source code or other textual representation.
		When major changes were needed to the image, such as for changes to the floating point representation, they customized operations to "serialize all objects to disk" and to restore them.
		Imagine your hard drive as a mutating binary image containing, among other things, your Operating System, and note that every single OS image, if in constant use from installing and uninstalling programs, will eventually decay.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?TheLawOfMutatingBinaryImages (436 words)

	Mapping of binary images (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this section we'll review several methods commonly used for mapping of binary images (the images having only two gray levels - fl and white).
		Although they exhibit their full power while applied to binary images, they may be easily extended to deal with gray-level and color images.
		Usually to apply the described below methods to non-binary picture the initial non-binary picture is decomposed into several binary images and each such image mapped separately.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /Labs/Isl/Project/Projects_done/VisionClasses/DIP/Lossless_Compression/node24.html (92 words)

	Picture Elements, Incorporated
		A Resource for Processing High-Quality Binary Images from Color or Grayscale at High Speed over the PCI bus, more...
		This chip is available to scanner manufacturers for integration into their products, for an instant improvement in binary image quality.
		It is also available to integrators on the ISE Board to allow scanner-independent image processing -- no more image quality problems or re-tuning of OCR engines every time you switch to a new scanner.
	www.picturel.com (504 words)

	Mid Term Papers: Term Papers on Binary Images In “The Bronze Horseman”
		Below is a free term papers summary of the paper "Binary Images In “The Bronze Horseman”." If you sign up, you can be reading the rest of this term papers in under two minutes.
		The latter section of the work recounts the story of Yevgeni, a denizen of Peter’s city whose life and dreams are ruined by a flood which engulfs Petrograd.
		Pushkin uses sets of contrasting binary images to emphasize the discrepancy between Yevgeni’s struggle and the ease with which the city handles the crisis.
	www.midtermpapers.com /17119.htm (547 words)

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