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Topic: Binary space partitioning

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	Binary Space Partitioning Trees FAQ
		BSP tree construction is a process which takes a subspace and partitions it by any hyperplane that intersects the interior of that subspace.
		Partitioning polygons Partitioning a set of polygons with a plane is done by classifying each member of the set with respect to the plane.
		Overview Partitioning a polygon with a plane is a matter of determining which side of the plane the polygon is on.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/graphics/bsptree-faq (6434 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Binary space partitioning
		Binary space partitioning (BSP) is a method for recursively subdividing a space into convex sets by hyperplanes.
		Binary space partitioning is a generic process of recursively dividing a scene into two until they satisfy one or more requirements, the specific method of division varying depending on its final purpose.
		For instance, in a BSP tree used for collision detection the original object would be partitioned until each part becomes simple enough to be individually tested, and in rendering it's desirable that each part be convex so that the painter's algorithm can be used.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Binary_space_partitioning (1177 words)

	BSP - DmWiki
		A Binary Space Partitioning Tree (or BSP Tree) is a data structure that is used to organize objects within a space.
		A BSP tree is a recursive sub-division of space that treats each line segment (or polygon, in 3D) as a cutting plane which is used to categorize all remaining objects in the space as either being in "front" or in "back" of that plane.
		Partitioning a polygon with a plane is a matter of determining which side of the plane the polygon is on.
	devmaster.net /wiki/BSP (3708 words)

	3D Theory - Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree - Martin Baker
		A Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree is a data structure that represents a recursive, hierarchical subdivision of n-dimensional space into convex subspaces.
		Therefore it might be more efficient to hold this information in a BSP tree or an octtree, then we can have lots of detail in the parts that need it, without wasting data where it is not needed.
		Partitioning a set of polygons with a plane is done by classifying each member of the set with respect to the plane.
	www.euclideanspace.com /threed/solidmodel/spatialdecomposition/bsp/index.htm (888 words)

	Binary tree Summary
		Binary trees are a specific implementation of an m-ary tree where there are m = 2 child nodes for every node on the tree.
		In a language with records and references, binary trees are typically constructed by having a tree node structure which contains some data and references to its left child and its right child.
		Binary trees can also be stored as an implicit data structure in arrays, and if the tree is a complete binary tree, this method wastes no space.
	www.bookrags.com /Binary_tree (1823 words)

	Space Partitioning: binary or octal? - GameDev.Net Discussion Forums
		If i choose binary partitioning, this problem is solved, as if the object fits none of the two child nodes, it should always be drawn each time any of the children sectors are visible.
		I think the binary tree is the least efficient and should only be used in special cases where you really need it.
		Using binary trees is the easiest way, but i think its worth putting in the extra effort to use either a quadtree or an octree.
	www.gamedev.net /community/forums/topic.asp?topic_id=205140&whichpage=1& (564 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) and its use in 3-D Rendering
		Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) is a technique which can be used to greatly speed up visibility calculations in 3D Rendering.
		This is one of the advantages of BSP - once the calculations are performed they do not need to be done again, unless the map is changed - BSP only allows 'static' maps, or ones that do not move.
		The main disadvantage of bsp trees is that the entire map must be static (non-moving) - if part of it moved, the entire tree would have to be rebuilt.
	www.soulsphere.org /stuffage/bsp (916 words)

	Binary Space Partition Trees in 3d worlds
		The end goal of a BSP tree if for the hyperplanes of the leaf nodes to be trivially "behind" or "infront" of the parent hyperplane.
		The recursive BSP tree is very simple to understand because it simply performs a partition based on the current hyperplane and then recurses the the front and back leaf nodes.
		While BSP trees are useful for fast hidden surface removal in static scenes, they can also be used to compute shadows with one or more fixed light source.
	web.cs.wpi.edu /~matt/courses/cs563/talks/bsp/document.html (2226 words)

	Binary space partitioning - Definition, explanation
		Binary space partitioning (BSP) is a method for recursively subdividing a space into convex sets by hyperplanes.
		This is often overcome by using the BSP tree together with a Z-buffer, and using the Z-buffer to correctly merge movable objects such as doors and monsters onto the background scene.
		Binary space partitioning is a generic process of recursively dividing a scene into two until they satisfy one or more requirements, the specific method of division varying depending on its final purpose.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/bi/binary_space_partitioning.php (844 words)

	[Exaflop.org] Binary Space Partitioning Trees
		At this point you have a very simple bsp tree storing one polygon per node and using no tests for picking the best polygon to use as a splitter at each node.
		The key to this test is that each node of the bsp tree can be used to determine which of its children is further away from the viewer.
		Whilst I was explaining the basics of bsp tree compilation in section one I explained that you had to pick a polygon to use as a splitter at each node.
	www.exaflop.org /docs/naifgfx/naifbsp.html (1957 words)

	Citations: Set operations on polyhedra using binary space partitioning trees - THIBAULT, NAYLOR (ResearchIndex)
		Binary space partitions were introduced in the graphics community [8, 13] to solve hidden surface removal problems, and since then have been used for a wide variety of applications, including solid modeling, ray tracing, shadow generation, and robotics, to name only a representative sample
		A binary space partition problem consists in minimizing the total number of fragments generated by the partition.
		] partitioning trees were extended to provide representations of polytopes, and algorithms were presented for converting a CSG expression on breps into a partitioning tree and for performing a set operation between a partitioning tree and a b rep by modifying the partitioning tree.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/39298/0 (2376 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning - Wikipedia
		Der Begriff Binary Space Partitioning (BSP, „binäre Raumpartitionierung“) bezeichnet eine Technik zur Partitionierung multidimensionaler Daten durch eine Menge von Hyperebenen.
		Beim BSP wird der gesamte Raum anfangs durch eine (zunächst beliebig wählbare) Teilungsebene in zwei Teile geteilt.
		Für beide Halbräume wird dann das gleiche gemacht wie zuerst mit dem gesamten Raum, das heißt, die Welt wird rekursiv immer weiter unterteilt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Binary_Space_Partitioning#Verfahren (842 words)

	Symbolcraft
		If a partition must be split, the front and back parts of the partition have an "f" and a "b" appended to their respective names.
		For example, if partition 1 crosses the cutting plane formed by partition 0, then the part of partition 1 that is in front of partition 0 will be named "1f", and the part in back will be named "1b".
		The BSP tree classification of the eyepoint is shown as a magenta dot in the BSP tree graph.
	www.symbolcraft.com /graphics/bsp/index.php (388 words)

	Published Work on Hidden Surface Removal
		The algorithm presented here is built using its associated BSP tree, but attempts to reduce the number of tests to, log_(4/3) n, at the cost of a tree of size of O(N 1.5^(log_(4/3) n-1), where n is the initial number of polygons in the scene, and N the resulting number after BSP splitting.
		However, the BSP algorithm generally increases the number of polygons in a scene due to its splitting stage resulting in a (correspondingly proportionally) detrimental effect on the run-time.
		However, the BSP algorithm generally increases the number of polygons in a scene due to its splitting stage resulting in a detrimental effect on the priority ordering and more significantly, the display calculations (shading, lighting, shadows, etc.) of the rendering pipeline.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /dradamjames/PHD/download.html (1796 words)

	DevMaster.net - BSP Trees: Theory and Implementation
		When the original design of the algorithm for Binary Space Partitioning (BSP)-trees was formulated the idea was to use it to sort the polygons in the world.
		Binary Space Partioning (BSP)-trees were first described in 1969 by Shumacker et al[1]., it was hardly meant to be an algorithm used to develop entertainment products, but since the beginning of the 90’s BSP-trees have been used in the gaming industry to improve performance and make it possible to use more details in the maps[*].
		A Binary Space Partitioning-tree is a structure that, as the name suggests, subdivides the space into smaller sets.
	www.devmaster.net /articles/bsp-trees (3525 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning Trees
		BSP trees provide a quick method of sorting a collection of 3d polygons in a scene.
		The BSP (binary space partition) tree is pre-calculated in advance.
		So, if the camera is infront of the partitioning polygon, you want to draw the polygons behind, so you call the recursive function passing it a pointer to the left (behind) subtree.
	easyweb.easynet.co.uk /~mrmeanie/bsp/bsp.htm (1115 words)

	Voxels and Volumetric Representation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is because memory requirement is the single biggest drawback to using voxels: every part of the object is divided into cubes and stored, so in order to contain a detailed description of an object, an enormous number of cubes, and therefore an enormous amount of memory, is required.
		Binary space-partitioning trees are in fact a technique normally used with polygons that can be extended and used with voxels [4].
		Space is recursively subdivided in this fashion until a maximum tree depth is met.[2] This tree can then be manipulated and displayed, like an octree, but with the advantage of a faster depth sorting algorithm.
	www.cs.ubc.ca /~alex/voxels/voxels.htm (2714 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning Trees (BSP) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		BSP trees are becoming one of the most popular spatial subdivision algorithms, due to their flexibility, and their ability to draw a scene with perfect order.
		A BSP tree is built by making a binary tree, where each node has a plane, which may or may not be from the source model, and the branches point to the sub-nodes that either lie entirely behind that plane, or, entirely in front of that node.
		If you're interested in the source code to a BSP tree compiler to play with, then the source to a slightly older version of my compiler than the one I'm using (A man has to keep some tricks to himself) is available here.
	www.karkza.org /ftp/programming/misc/bsp.htm (4323 words)

	Partitioning Hard Drive(s)
		The swap partition is used with main RAM by Linux to accomplish this.
		The partition type can be left as the default of 83 (Linux native), or if you want to access it from both Linux as well as from another operating system, you could change it to a different ID, such as 6 (DOS 16-bit >=32M).
		It is used only to encapsulate the remaining logical partitions (there can only be 4 physical partitions on a disk; in my case I required more than 4 partitions, therefore I had to use a logical partitioning scheme for the others).
	tldp.org /LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/install-partitioning.html (1986 words)

	[No title]
		If we do, we are done subdividing that space, if not we further subdivide the subspace that’s on the front of the partitioning line and then with the subspace that’s on the back of the partitioning line until every subspace is convex.
		The partition is just a plane that we will classify all of the polygons in the node with respect to this plane.
		BSP Trees are extremely powerful, and combining them with other technologies such as portals, potentially visible sets, and back-face culling can produce an extremely fast and solid engine.
	www.3dtechdev.com /tutorials/leafbsp/3dbsptrees.html (4801 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning Trees (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A BSPT is a method by which n dimensional space is partitioned by n-1 dimensional entities called hyperplanes.
		Once a space has been partitioned by a hyperplane, it is represented by two n dimensional spaces, one on each side of the partitioning hyperplane.
		An analogous procedure may be followed to build a BSPT of a 3D space, using planes as the partitioning hyperplanes instead of lines as in the 2D example.
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /robotics/projects/objectrec/bspt.html (534 words)

	BSP FAQ
		It is common to see BSP trees which represent two and three dimensional space, but the definition of the structure is not constrained to these.
		BSP trees can be used to compute visible fragments of polygons in a scene in at least two different ways.
		The time complexity of rendering from a BSP built using an autopartition is the same as the spatial complexity, that is a worst case of O(n^2), and an "expected" case of O(n).
	www.opengl.org /resources/code/samples/bspfaq/index.html (15694 words)

	Franklin & Marshall - Binary Space Partitioning Tree
		A binary space partition is a recursive division of space into halves.
		A binary space partitioning tree is a binary tree, each node of which contains a subdivision of the space, and the leaves of which contain subdivisions which contain only one object (or a part thereof).
		The query is: "which objects in the space are intersected by a line drawn in the space?" One of the movies pauses to pose questions to the viewer.
	www.fandm.edu /x9466.xml (272 words)

	BSP Tutorial
		BSP is one of the fastest ways to do Z-Sorting, Collision Testing, Rendering, Node Clipping, Lighting calculations and Possible Visible Set.
		A leaf is a group of polygons (in our case walls) that have no other nodes (A node is a split in the BSP tree that in the case of a leaf tree contains no polygon data).
		If you have 9000 polygons on a single level even BSP won't be enough to Z-sort fast enough for real time real-time applications.
	www.oracledbaexpert.com /BSPTrees/BinarySpacePartitioningTrees.html (1867 words)

	Installing without sysinst
		The only true rule is that it's better to have too much than not enough as going out of swap means killing not the last program you started but any working process that just needed to allocate memory.
		The d partition is on i386 a pseudopartition that always maps to whole drive.
		In this example NetBSD uses all the disk and the c and d partitions are equal.
	www.mclink.it /personal/MG2508/nbsdeng/ap-inst.html (2090 words)

	BSP (Binary Space Partitioning) Trees - Games++
		This article explains how BSP (binary space partitioning) trees can be used in a game such as DOOM as part of the rendering pipeline to perform back-face culling, partial Z-ordering and hidden surface removal.
		To explain the use of BSP trees, it is best to start with an example.
		It should be possible to encode all the functions inline; in fact, it would be feasible to take a BSP tree and hard-code it into some run-time generated code which you just call to recurse the tree...
	www.gamespp.com /algorithms/bspTrees.html (1259 words)

	BSP - an Introduction
		Using BSP while walking along the ray, one first has to check the window/door areas it crosses.
		On the other hand, in single large convex spaces, an opera hall or a large office for example, the BSP-Method is not likely to perform much better than Grid.
		BSP and Grid can be used to accelerate the answer.
	www.prz.tu-berlin.de /~joe/bsp_stuff/bsp_intro.html (748 words)

	Binary Space Partitioning Trees (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The binary space partitioning (BSP) tree algorithm was developed by Fuchs, Kedem, and Naylor [
		The BSP tree algorithm is an efficient method for calculating the visibility relationships among a static group of 3D polygons as seen from an arbitrary viewpoint.
		It trades off an initial time and space intensive preprocessing step against a linear display algorithm that is executed whenever a new viewing specification is desired.
	www.anirudh.net /practical_training/main/node4.html (85 words)

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