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	Binary symmetric channel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Consider a source sending messages through a noisy channel; for example, a CD player reading from a scratched music CD, or a wireless cellphone capturing a weak signal from a relay tower which is too far away.
		For simplicity, assume that the message being sent is a sequence of 0's and 1's.
		Assume also that the noise of the channel is not dependent on the symbol sent: when a 1 is sent, the probability that a 1 is (correctly) received is
	web.usna.navy.mil /~wdj/book/node118.html (128 words)

	Binary symmetric channel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In coding theory, a binary symmetric channel (or BSC) is an idealized model of a communications channel that sends bits.
		In a BSC, the probability of a 1 becoming a 0 and of a 0 becoming a 1 are assumed to be the same (hence the term symmetric).
		Since 1s and 0s may be represented very differently (as a pulse and absence of a pulse, for instance), this assumption is often not valid in practical situations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Binary_symmetric_channel (199 words)

	Channel (communications) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Channel, in communications (sometimes called communications channel), refers to the medium through which information is transmitted from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver.
		In wireless communications, the channel is often modeled by a random attenuation (known as fading) of the transmitted signal, followed by additive noise.
		In information theory, it is common to start with memoryless channels in which the output probability distribution only depends on the current channel input.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communications_channel (377 words)

	Digital Revolution (III) - Error Correction Codes
		This message may represent an image that has been changed to binary form, sounds that have been changed to binary form, or information that enables one to synchronize the sound and the picture, which would have to be accomplished to make it possible to show an opera on television.
		(The binary asymmetric channel handles the case where it is more likely a 0 will be changed to a 1 than a 1 to a 0 or conversely.) We will denote the probability that a bit is unchanged by p, which is a real number somewhere between 0 and 1.
		This is often referred to as the binary channel with erasure.
	e-math.ams.org /featurecolumn/archive/errors3.html (920 words)

	Shannon–Hartley theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		2 Capacity of a binary symmetric channel with Gaussian noise
		Capacity of a binary symmetric channel with Gaussian noise
		BW is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz; and
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shannon's_theorem (927 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unlike a BEC, a BSC never outputs a third unknown state, where presumably the voltage is neither high nor low enough to claim the bit as a one or a zero.
		The capacity of the BSC is C = 1 + p log2 p + (1-p) log2 (1-p) where p = probability of a bit flip.
		If a source with given entropy feeds information to a channel with a given capacity, and if the source entropy is less than the channel capacity, a code exists for which the frequency of errors may be reduced as low as desired.
	www.eecs.harvard.edu /~jonathan/reviews/shannon.txt (292 words)

	CRA-W
		The binary-symmetric channel is a channel for which both the input and the output are sequences of the binary digits 0 and 1.
		The channel is memoryless, meaning that for every input the probability that the output digit is switched is p, and the probability that the output is the same is 1-p.
		The method compares the codes based on their girth (the girth of a node in a graph is defined as the size of the smallest cycle containing that node) distribution, which is a function of the cycles in the bipartite graph representing the code, and selects the best ones according to this function.
	www.cra.org /Activities/craw/creu/crewReports/2002/harvard_final.html (4996 words)

	[No title]
		Binary Symmetric Channel The model for the BSC is a simple representation for the so called Hard Decision Additive White Gaussian Noise“ (AWGN) Channel.
		The channel capacity for this channel is CBSC = 1 — h(p), where h(p) = -plog2p — (1-p)log2(1-p) is the binary entropy function.
		Arithmetic Channels In computer systems the number N in radix-2 notation is given by The erroneous number N‘ is given by The error E is given by the arithmetic difference N-N‘, where the subtraction is carried out as in the set of integers.
	www.exp-math.uni-essen.de /~vinck/channel-coding/2-channel-models.doc (1426 words)

	Binary coding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Model for the analysis of binary longitudinal pain data subject to informative dropout through remedication.
		Binary coding is the term used to describe how information, normally numbers, are stored in binary, radix-2 form.
		The conventional mathematical way is described in the article about binary numeral systems, however to electronic purposes different ways of encoding numbers are used for efficiency or practical reasons.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Binary_coding (340 words)

	A Tutorial on Convolutional Coding with Viterbi Decoding
		Following this introduction, I will provide a detailed description of the algorithms for generating random binary data, convolutionally encoding the data, passing the encoded data through a noisy channel, quantizing the received channel symbols, and performing Viterbi decoding on the quantized channel symbols to recover the original binary data.
		Suppose that we have a system where a '1' channel bit is transmitted as a voltage of -1V, and a '0' channel bit is transmitted as a voltage of +1V.
		In this simulation, a '1' channel bit is transmitted at a level of -1V, and a '0' channel bit is transmitted at a level of +1V.
	pw1.netcom.com /~chip.f/viterbi/tutorial.html (2090 words)

	LTHC: projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The determination of this threshold for a given family of channels is at the heart of the theory and design of low-density parity check codes.
		In the simplest case (e.g., binary erasure channel) the thresholds can be determined analytically by investigating the fixed points of a one-dimensional recursion.
		Although the capacity of binary input channels without ISI is easy to determine, and so is the capacity of ISI channels without the restriction to binary inputs, the capacity of binary input ISI channels remains unknown.
	lthiwww.epfl.ch /~eeigal (2308 words)

	Binary Symmetric Channel
		Binary symmetric channel Uncertainty Up: talks trade wto Background on information theory Previous: Background on information theory Contents Uncertainty Basic kyocera kx414 accessory results on codes Up: Background on information shema yisrael judaism theory motorized bar stool Previous: Binary symmetric channel salt river project Contents Binary Symmetric Channel (Communications Blockset) Binary Symmetric Channel.
		Binary Symmetric Channel As indicated, the transition probabilities are The transmission probabilities are P (X =0)=0.6 and P (Binary Symmetric Channel (Using the Communications Blockset) Binary Symmetric Channel.
		The Binary Symmetric Channel block, which simulates a channel with noise, is useful for building models of channel coding.
	motortipp.hu /images/cimoldal/binary-symmetric-channel.html (488 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		(zeros and ones), and the channel is `noisy', that is, there is a non-zero constant probability p < 1/2 that a zero is changed to a one, or vice versa.
		For each bit transmitted by a binary symmetric channel there is a bit error probability p that an error will occur, that is, if 0 is transmitted then with probability p a 1 is received, and vice versa.
		Suppose a computer is waiting to receive a bit sent along a binary symmetric channel with bit error probability p.
	www.maths.uwa.edu.au /~praeger/teaching/3CC/WWW/chapter7.html (2104 words)

	Binary symmetric channel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Binary symmetric channel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		In a BSC, the (A measure of how likely it is that some event will occur) probability of a 1 becoming a 0 and of a 0 becoming a 1 are assumed to be the same.
		Since 1s and 0s may be represented very differently (as a (The rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart) pulse and absence of a pulse, for instance), this assumption is often not valid in practical situations.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/binary_symmetric_channel.htm (87 words)

	Measuring Information Spectra
		Three channel models are examined including the discrete memoryless binary symmetric channel (BSC), binary input Gaussian output channel and the discrete-time additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
		For this channel, the input and output alphabets are
		In the BSC and binary-Gaussian channel cases, the transmitted and received signals are real and treated in one dimension.
	www.nd.edu /~jnl/sdr/measurement (2667 words)

	On Estimation For A Binary Symmetric Channel (ResearchIndex)
		We consider a binary symmetric channel where the input, modeled as an infinite sequence of bits, is distorted by a Bernoulli noise.
		In [8], a consistent estimator of the distortion, i.e., of the probability that a single bit is changed, is described under the basic assumption that the complexity of the input is finite.
		1 Decision-directed decoder for a binary symmetric channel wit..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /60597.html (288 words)

	Extra Problems for Chapter 8
		for the typical set for a single random variable, we will calculate the jointly typical set for a pair of random variables connected by a binary symmetric channel, and the probability of error for jointly typical decoding for such a channel.
		Thus the channel has both channels available for use, but only one channel can be used at a time.
		Prove a general result that for any channel, considering the encoder, channel and decoder together as a new channel from messages to estimated messages will not increase the capacity in bits per transmission of the original channel.
	www-isl.stanford.edu /~jat/eit2/webbook/exch8/exch8.html (1969 words)

	Joint Source-Channel Coding
		It is well known that using progressive codes in the presence of channel errors leads to disastrous results, since the first error renders the remainder of the bitstream useless.
		This experiment shows that even a benign channel can wreck havoc on a progressive bitstream, so some form of error protection (channel coding) is necessary.
		For memoryless channels, we have found closed-form expressions for the end-to-end signal to noise ratios and rate allocation.
	www.utdallas.edu /~aria/mcl/joint (600 words)

	glossary
		In Information Theory, a channel is a mathematical model for the devices which allow to transmit data from a location to another.
		Shannon's second theorem shows that the capacity of a channel is the maximum amount of information that can be transmitted through it, with an arbitrarily small but non zero probability of error.
		A computer connected to the world wide web can be considered as a binary source (the adjective binary refers to the number of elements in the alphabet) if we look at the outcomes before the modem (modulator demodulator).
	www-public.int-evry.fr /~uro/page-liens/glossary.htm (325 words)

	Bit Commitment Protocol
		In our situation, Alice and Bob are connected by two channels: a clear channel and a noisy one (a binary symmetric channel).
		This protocol assumes we are using a binary symmetric channel.
		If the channel isn't really a perfect binary symmetric channel or if one of the players knows a better approximation of the real error probability than does the other, cheating is possible.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~crepeau/CRYPTO/BCDemo/BCprotocol.html (2405 words)

	Channel Capacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We will first consider simple channels where the input is a discrete random variable and the output is also a discrete random variable.
		A binary symmetric channel (BSC) is a discrete memoryless channel with binary input and binary output and p
		It is interesting to note that every time a BSC is used one bit is sent across the channel with probability of error of ε.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m10173/latest (313 words)

	Preliminaries
		The information channel bears the same relationship to its input and output symbols as a network does to its input and output voltages.
		Generally speaking, the source matrix and the channel matrix are knows from which the others may be obtained.
		The encoder wishes to find a codeword X to be sent through the channel such that the two receivers can receive their messages reliably.
	www.cs.ualberta.ca /~szou/Preliminaries.htm (777 words)

	Arithmetic Channel Coding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Though this may seem like an unusual channel coding algorithm, we show that every block code and every convolutional code can also be implemented by an arithmetic encoder.
		The decoder used in arithmetic source coding is based on the noiseless assumption and it cannot be used to decode the output of a noisy channel.
		The encoder is used to encode a binary symmetric source to be transmitted over a binary symmetric channel.
	lcavwww.epfl.ch /~weidmann/acc.html (246 words)

	Information Theory
		A discrete memoryless channel (DMC or d.m.c) is a statistical model which describes the medium through which the symbols flow to the receiver.
		In the case of a discrete memoryless channel, the mutual information, I(X;Y), between input X and output Y represents the the uncertainty about the channel input that is resolved by observing the channel output.
		If the channel bandwidth B is fixed, then the channel output signal is also band-limited and is characterized by sampling values at the Nyquist rate 2B.
	www.eie.polyu.edu.hk /~enmzwang/adc/l-notes/node4.html (1508 words)

	Supervised Learning by Statistical Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A sequence-based MMSE decoder was suggested, based on a discrete hidden Markov model for the source encoder and channel tandem.
		This approach was seen to outperform MAP-based decoding algorithms, as well as alternative MMSE approaches, in decoding Gauss-Markov sources over a binary symmetric channel.
		This approach was also generalized to address image decoding, via the use of a hidden Markov mesh random field to model the source encoder and channel tandem.
	cictr.ee.psu.edu /research/ict/scnc.html (179 words)

	Connexions - Content - Search Repository (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A discussion of channels and how much information can be sent through a channel reliably.
		Both wireline and wireless channels share characteristics, allowing us to use a common model for how the channel affects transmitted signals.
		Shannon derived the maximum datarate of a source coder's output that can be transmitted through a bandlimited additive white noise channel with no error.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/search?words=binary+symmetric+channel (145 words)

	Uncertainty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		is the signal received by a (noisy) binary symmetric channel.
		It is intuitively obvious that when the channel creates a lot of errors then there is a limitation to the information which can be sent.
		In the case of the binary symmetric channel, the capacity is
	web.usna.navy.mil /~wdj/book/node119.html (213 words)

	DIMACS Workshop on Codes and Complexity
		Expander codes are known to reach capacity of the binary symmetric channel under linear-complexity iterative decoding.
		By concatenating the AG code with short binary block codes, it is possible to obtain binary codes with asymptotic performance close to the G-V bound.
		In particular even highly noisy channels, e.g., when every received signal can originate from some half of the symbols in the alphabet, can be used to transmit information as long as noise on different symbols is independent.
	dimacs.rutgers.edu /Workshops/Codescomplexity/abstracts (4172 words)

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