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	Bio Bio Trip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For centuries the Bio Bio was the southern limit of whatever empire ruled the north.
		These dams, which will make the Bio Bio's whitewater glories a thing of the past, are the urgency that roused me, and most others on the trip, to get up so early and to travel so far.
		The river blasts down a cascade of chutes and holes on the left side, into a narrow V called the Notch, where river legend Jim Slade almost tore off his arm the year before.
	govt.mckenna.edu /welliott/chiletrip.htm (19999 words)

	Concepción, Chile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concepción was founded by Pedro de Valdivia in 1550 north of the Bío-Bío River, at the site which is today known as Penco.
		One in 1570, another on the 25 of May, 1751, at which point it was decided to move Concepción further from the sea to its present location in the Mocha Valley.
		The first Intendant of Concepción was the Irishman Ambrosio O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno, who later became Governor of Chile and Viceroy of Perú.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile (595 words)

	Saloperä: The Pehuenche and Hydroelectric Development in the Bio-Bio River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the Chilean history the Bio-Bio River is often portrayed as a frontier between European based criollo culture and native Mapuche culture.
		New geographies as well as new interdisciplinary approaches are needed to cope in the complex world of unfinished and non-placed modernity, where transitions, migrations and exiles form important parts of our traveling cultures.
		This paper is based on the ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Pehuenche communities of the Upper Bio-Bio River between January 2000 and August 2001.
	www.helsinki.fi /hum/ibero/xaman/articulos/2002_02/salopera.html (1354 words)

	Bio Bio River offers whitewater rafting in Chile.
		One of the most famous rivers in the world, the Bio Bio river winds through lava rock canyons on the first day.
		The Bio Bio river may still be explored despite the hydroelectric project which has sparked International and Chilean protest.
		Contact us to include a rafting trip on the Bio Bio River or for a customized itinerary of travel in Chile.
	www.lostworldadventures.com /countries/chile/itineraries/biobio.htm (184 words)

	13. Hydroelectric Development on the Bío-Bío River, Chile: Anthropology and Human Rights Advocacy: ...
		She collaborated as the cultural consultant with Ted Downing, her husband, in the evaluation of the Pehuen Foundation that was mandated to address the needs of the Pehuenche people of Chile.
		Many of the Pehuenche—a cultural group often described as the last Chilean Indigenous group to live by traditional means on traditional lands—have lost their homes and are being forced to accept resettlement in the distant and difficult mountains.
		The anthropologist Downing would later argue both within the IFC and in his complaint to the AAA that the formation of a secret agreement without the knowledge of the people, or their government, was a human rights violation.
	www.idrc.ca /en/ev-64533-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (7208 words)

	Cabot, Penny. A Dam of Destruction. (Biobio) Resurgence 181.
		The majestic Biobio river is being dammed, and the fragile ecosystem on which the Pehuenche's existence depends is in danger of being destroyed - forever.
		The battle to keep the Biobio River free of dams was lost in 1992, before Chile enacted either environmental or indigenous laws.
		People are leaving the grassy clearing by the river, where they have observed a ceremony for traditional leaders that has taken place inside a tipi, its sides rolled up for the benefit of onlookers.
	www.resurgence.org /resurgence/articles/cabot.htm (1569 words)

	Natural Gas Crisis Shifts Focus of Chile's Energy Debate
		In response to the potential energy shortage, the government is considering the possibility of moving up the start date for the Ralco hydroelectric dam this year.
		The Pehuenche indigenous communities and environmental groups have fought construction of this mega-project on the upper Bío-bío River, which crosses the central part of Chile.
		In addition to staking their bets on increased hydroelectric production, officials are looking at using coal or oil for feeding the electrical plants in northern Chile, although those fuels cost more than natural gas.
	www.tierramerica.net /2004/0403/iarticulo.shtml (845 words)

	Case Study
		The Pehuenche of Chile and environmentalists are struggling against a dam project on the Bio-Bio river that will force the Pehuenche off their ancestral land and flood 9,000 acres of farmland and rare temperate rainforest in Southern Chile.
		Development of the region would cause a rapid increase in the non-indigenous population of the area, stimulate land speculation, and cause disintegration of the Pehuenche culture.
		The corridor between the dam and the waterfall zone would be entirely dry, while 60 km of the Bio-Bio River valley and various tributaries would be devastated by inundation.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/ice/CHILEDAM.HTM (2300 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - International Finance Corporation under fire for Chilean hydro-dam
		The hydro-electric complex, of which the almost-complete Pangue is the first dam, will wreak environmental havoc all along the river, which starts high in the Andes and cascades to the sea, the complaint states.
		It will drastically alter the ecology of the Bio Bio basin, which contains some 15,000 waterways, and the health and livelihoods of the estimated one million people who depend on the river for drinking water, and the fisherfolk and industrial fishing fleets harvesting the fertile waters around the river's mouth.
		"The Bio Bio river and its watershed are both culturally and ecologically one of Chile's most important bioregions," according to documents filed with the complaint.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntl70201.htm (668 words)

	Earth River Expeditions - l-Town & Country - Kennedy: Futaleufu, Patagonia Chile, Whitewater rafting, Chile, China, ...
		The Bio Bio is rafting on the edge—a tight series of difficult rapids that fall so closely together there is hardly time to note the scenery.
		The bulk of the river channels through a narrow gorge into a vicious hole created by the rush of twelve-foot waves and strikes a jagged lava wall that juts at a right angle into the river.
		We traversed the river above the rapid and began a series of precisely timed pirouettes and deft slides through narrow passages in a controlled approach to the savage wave.
	www.earthriver.com /Library/t-cken.asp (2156 words)

	River Travel Center
		When it became clear several years ago that the Bio Bio river really was going to be dammed, the international rafting community began looking around Patagonia for a suitable substitute.
		Horseback riding, a Tyrolean traverse, and hiking trails can easily be substituted for the more difficult parts of the river trip, making the Fu experience available to a much wider number of participants.
		Trips on the Fu run 10-17 days, including round-trip travel from the U.S. Of this, generally 5-6 days are on the river, with the balance spent in travel, side-trips, and relaxing days in base camp.
	www.mcn.org /a/rivers/html/futu.htm (197 words)

	Europaconcorsi - Consorcio’ Branch - Portfolio
		The rainy city of Concepción, is located in the mouth of the Bío-Bío River, 520 Km south of Santiago.
		The facts that improves the environmental quality is the nearness to the sea, the contact with the wide Bío-Bío river, the green hills (like the splendid “Caracol” mountain), some wooded squares and streets, joined with some remainding groups of trees in old “patio-houses” in the central areas.
		The highlights of the regional economy are the steel and the wood industry, the last one on wide exporting boom.
	www.europaconcorsi.com /db/pub/print.php?id=7141 (452 words)

	americas.org - Bio Bio River Dam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Chile’s largest power company, threatened with retributions for alleged violations of World Bank environmental and social conditions for a loan to build Pangue dam on the Bio Bio river, is paying off its debt ahead of schedule and refinancing at lower interest rates with a German bank.
		A University of Arizona anthropologist found that the small amount of Pehuenche territory left on the Pangue reservoir shore was awarded to private real-estate developers, and the World Conservation Union reported massive environmental violations that radically altered the river’s course.
		In late April, Frei dismissed Mauricio Huenchulaf, director of the National Commission for Indigenous Development, for opposing the Bio Bio projects and a land-swap that would remove the Pehuenche from their ancestral territory to make way for Ralco.
	www.americas.org /item_12808 (184 words)

	JohnKerry.com - About John Kerry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As he was graduating from Yale, John Kerry volunteered to serve in Vietnam, because, as he later said, "it was the right thing to do." He believed that "to whom much is given, much is required." And he felt he had an obligation to give something back to his country.
		On his second tour, he volunteered to serve on a Swift Boat in the river deltas, one of the most dangerous assignments of the war.
		In that office, he organized the nation's Governors to combat the acid rain that was polluting lakes, rivers, and the nation's water supply.
	www.johnkerry.com /about/john_kerry (932 words)

	Earth River Expeditions - l-Town & Country - Bower: Futaleufu, Patagonia Chile, Whitewater rafting, Chile, China, ...
		Our first morning is spent familiarizing ourselves with the river and practicing turns, highsides (throwing weight to one side of the craft to keep the boat from flipping over), and rescues.
		Sometimes it is a power cable stretched across the river, some times one of the company's many depth-measuring gauges that appear at intervals along the riverbanks.
		And farther down the river, at the site of the first dam, we come upon a place where a forest has been cleared and a deep channel cut for the dam wall.
	www.earthriver.com /Library/t-cbower.asp (2800 words)

	Ribera Norte's Recuperation of the Bio Bio River incorporating the City and the River
		Among its principal objectives is bringing the city to the river, recuperating more than 80 ha (198 acres) for new urban uses and providing definitive housing for almost 1400 families with limited resources.
		The aperture of the countryside toward the mouth of the river, the spectacular sunset over the ocean viewed from the remodelling area, and Chepe Hill which is a promontory of great singularity and tourist potential, bless this area with valuable characteristics for urban development.
		Lastly this route terminates with the park on the edge of the river, location of one of the most ambitious projects for the community: the future Municipal Theatre of ConcepciÛn, whose design has already been drafted, and was commissioned by La CorporaciÛn Pro-Teatro from architect Borja Huidobro.
	www.urbanicity.org /FullDoc.asp?ID=296 (3163 words)

	Foreign Correspondent - Story Archive - 1997
		The Bio Bio river in Chile is where the Spanish Conquistadors were finally bought to halt by the local Indians - the Mapuche.
		North of the river is Spanish dominated Chile, south of the river is still predominantly indigenous.
		His opponent in court, and for the power company, is Pueblo Rodriguez, founder of a notorious fascist terrorist group that marauded throughout Chile under the Pinochet regime.
	www.abc.net.au /foreign/1997/ep19-7.htm (443 words)

	Patagonia and Chile Kayaking - Futaluefu River \| Bio Bio Expeditions
		Bio Bio allows you to paddle as much as you want and whenever you want.
		The Futaleufu River, located in northern Patagonia, is without a doubt one of the world’s best rivers for white water kayaking.
		This river is ideal for beginners, intermediates, or advanced kayakers and we can tailor a kayaking trip to meet your needs.
	www.bbxrafting.com /page.php?pname=destinations/chile/kayaking (708 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Bío Bío River Basin (Bío Bío means "the fio-fio bird singing" in the native Mapuche indian language) is the third largest basin in the country, born in the Andes Mountain at 1.150 m altitude and after a 380 km route, it flows into the sea near Concepcion.
		The trip starts from Dichato to Concepción, the capital city of VIII Region, we go past this city where the river is wide and the flow pleasant.
		The destination will be "Doña Pola" mountain catering, it is a lovely place located at 250 m altitude, next to the river and surrounded by majestic hills.
	www.usq.edu.au /users/ribbe/school/excurse.html (433 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The four Pehuenche Indian women, Endesa Chile, and government representatives signed an agreement Tuesday after a month of intense talks in which Endesa agreed to increase the monetary compensation for the women and their families and the government offered them additional land.
		The women agreed to move from their homes near the Bio Bio river, which will be flooded by the Ralco Dam, and to drop lawsuits.
		According to the agreement, the four women will receive a total of $ 1.2 million and 761 acres of land for their 130 acres on the Bio Bio river.
	www.waterstewards.org /article/articleprint/3042 (366 words)

	River Rafting & Whitewater Expert@ (800) 683-9847 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Has testified about river issues at various hearings of government agencies and legislative committees regarding river safety, river conservation, and public access to rivers.
		Has run all the major recreational rivers in the United States, and various rivers in other countries, using canoes, kayaks, rafts, and dories.
		Organized and led a filming trip to the rivers of Chile to produce a one-hour film,The Bio-Bio: Lost River of the Mapuches, which aired on ESPN television in the United States and other countries as part of theExpedition Earth series.
	www.freereferral.com /resume/C000578A.php (438 words)

	PETRA KELLY PRIZE
		The Petra Kelly Prize 2000 was awarded to the Mapuche-Pehuenche Indians, Berta and Nicolasa Quintreman Calpan, from Chile.
		Both sisters, who are farmers living within their traditional culture in the Bio-Bío river valley in southern Chile, are leading activists in the Chilean civil rights movement against the flooding of Pehuenche land through the building of the Ralco Dam.
		With the award of the prize, the international jury acknowledges the non-violent and courageous commitment of these women who are representative of the resistance against the construction of mega-dams — projects which always entail the expulsion or forced resettlement of people and often have disastrous consequences for the eco-system of an entire region.
	www.boell.de /en/10_preise/342.html (187 words)

	Our Precious Planet
		A stranger's comment six years ago thrust activist Juan Pablo Orrego into the center of the battle to save one of the last major free-flowing rivers in the world.
		Orrego was rushing down the clear, brisk waters of Chile's Bio-Bio River in a raft, acting as guide for a television crew, when an oarsman said the days of rafting this part of the river were numbered.
		A series of hydroelectric dams scheduled to be built there would soon put the flowering hills, cascading waterfalls and world-class rapids 100 meters under water.
	www.time.com /time/reports/planet/water4.html (365 words)

	The Pehuenche, the World Bank Group and ENDESA S.A.
		Like the original agreement between IFC and ENDESA that established the Pehuen Foundation, the April 25, 1997, agreement was negotiated without the awareness or involvement of the Pehuenche, and without disclosing the complete terms of the agreement to the affected people, the Chilean government or the public.
		In July 1997, the IFC released its heavily censored version of Hair's report, explaining, "The remaining portions of the Report are not released based on the advice of external legal counsel" (Lee 1997:3; Cockburn 1997).
		As the private corporation engaged in Bío-Bío River hydroelectric development, ENDESA S.A., is not only responsible for carrying out the social and environmental covenants established in the IFC/ENDESA funding agreement, it is also responsible for ensuring that its plans and conduct accord with Chilean law, especially the laws pertaining to the environment and indigenous peoples.
	www.aaanet.org /committees/cfhr/rptpehuenc.htm (14805 words)

	Alto Bio Bio, Southern Chile
		Their land is right at the juncture of the Lomin and the Bio Bio river, tremendous rapids right there, favored by the rafters who come down, green and roiling and freezing cold waters, filled with life and spirit.
		This is truly God’s country, with the mountains towering above and the valley and it’s river running towards the horizon, the volcano in the distance, the stars, the forests, the sounds and smells.
		The real-estate business is rapidly grabbing the areas whose value is skyrocketing, it seems so odd to apply the term gentrification to a remote river valley in southern Chile, but that is what is happening, there is already a hotel that charges the equivalent of an Endesa worker’s full month’s salary per night’s stay.
	www.xs4all.nl /~rehue/ralco/ral035b.html (4205 words)

	Final Curtain for the Bio Bio
		With every turn several more cascades join the Bio Bio, each one engulfed in nalca (giant rhubarb with leaves up to four feet across), fuschia in full bloom and a chaos of ferns, moss and other greenery.
		We had hoped, in fighting this dam, to let the Chilean people know that they needn’t make the same tragic error that we did with places like Glen Canyon and Flaming Gorge, denying the magic of these places to all foreseeable future generations for such a short term reward.
		I spent five amazing winters on that river and writing this piece hurts as much as writing an obituary for a best friend; one that died needlessly in her prime.
	www.gcrg.org /bqr/7-1/biobio.htm (445 words)

	SNF Världens Natur - Dammbyggen i Syd - Bio-Bio sept 2002
		Följande telegram från nyhetsbrevet CHIP news berättar att Världsbanken kommer att skicka en delegation till Bio Bio-floden för att undersöka de klagomål som rests från den drabbade indianbefolkningen.
		the dams on the Bio Bio River in Region VIII.
		Bio Action Group, said the World Bank envoys are
	www.snf.se /verksamhet/vattenkraft/damm-bio-bio-kommission.htm (383 words)

	Chile - List of the Political Mapuche prisoners : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Half of them live in the south of Chile from the river Bío Bío until the Chiloé Island.
		Pehuenches, people of the pehuen tree (auracaria) area, is one part of the Mapuche people, who live in the Andes and alongside the Bío Bío River.
		There are roads being built through Mapuche areas, the forest is being felled in at fast speed and big power plants are being constructed in the rivers.
	sf.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=137567 (1075 words)

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