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Topic: Biogas

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	Biogas
		Biogas can provide a clean, easily controlled source of renewable energy from organic waste materials for a small labour input, replacing firewoood or fossil fuels (which are becoming more expensive as supply falls behind demand).
		Since small scale units can be relatively simple to build and operate biogas should be used directly if possible (for cooking, heating, lighting (pdf 325kB) and absorption refrigeration), since both electricity generation and compression of gas (for storage or use in vehicles) use large amounts of energy for a small output of useful energy.
		Basic Biogas provides some introductory material, the Safety page provides some important information, Science Fair Projects and the Poly Digester page give ideas about smaller projects and Anaerobic Digestion gives a bit more detail and information about larger projects.
	www.adelaide.edu.au /biogas (273 words)

	Re-Energy.ca - Biomass Energy - Build Your Biogas Generator (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The biogas is produced not by the cows themselves, but by billions of microorganisms living in their digestive systems.
		Biogas is a form of renewable energy, because it is produced with the help of growing plants.
		In the days before electricity, biogas was drawn from the underground sewer pipes in London and burned in street lamps, which were known as "gaslights." In many parts of the world, biogas is used to heat and light homes, to cook, and even to fuel buses.
	www.re-energy.ca /t-i_biomassbuild-1.shtml (817 words)

	biogas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The resulting biogas is mainly used for combined heat and power generation, and the digested biomass is redistributed to a wide range of crops at farms, as nutritionally defined fertiliser.
		Biogas, as a renewable energy source, is exempted from Danish state taxes, whereas taxes are paid for the energy produced on fossil fuels.
		The main barriers for introducing biogas based energy systems in the Netherlands, that makes the large scale transition to anaerobic digestion technologies unlikely within 5 years, are assessed to be the already established infrastructure of aerobic composting of VGF (vegetables/garden/fruit), completed in 1995-'96 and the low price of natural gas.
	www.ecop.ucl.ac.be /aebiom/articles/biogas/biogas.htm (2656 words)

	Renewable Resources Biogas Technology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The biogas produced in a digester (also known as "digester gas") is actually a mixture of gases, with methane and carbon dioxide making up more than 90 percent of the total.
		The biogas can be used as fuel for an engine-generator to produce electricity or as boiler fuel to produce steam.
		The biogas released from landfills, commonly called "landfill gas," is typically 50-percent methane, 45-percent carbon dioxide and 5-percent other gases.
	www.oregon.gov /ENERGY/RENEW/Biomass/biogas.shtml (1921 words)

	SD : Environment : A system approach to biogas technology
		Biogas technology is a complete system in itself with its set objectives (cost effective production of energy and soil nutrients), factors such as microbes, plant design, construction materials, climate, chemical and microbial characteristics of inputs, and the inter-relationships among these factors.
		Biogas is mainly composed of 50 to 70 percent methane, 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide (CO2) and low amount of other gases as shown in Table 1.
		Biogas is about 20 percent lighter than air and has an ignition temperature in the range of 650 degrees to 750 degrees C. It is an odourless and colourless gas that burns with clear blue flame similar to that of LPG gas (Sathianathan, 1975).
	www.fao.org /sd/EGdirect/EGre0022.htm (4074 words)

	Practical Action - Biogas
		The resulting gas (of which 65% is methane) is produced as a by-product of this fermentation and is collected in a simple storage tank from where it is piped directly into the farmer's home to provide energy for cooking, laundry and lighting.
		The biogas plants also produce a rich organic waste which is dried and used as fertiliser.
		Practical Action has helped commercialise new biogas schemes and has worked with national authorities and universities and with local communities and institutions to ensure that biogas, which was a failing technology, has become a success.
	www.itdg.org /?id=biogas_expertise (469 words)

	The Methane Digester for Biogas
		Biogas may be improved by filtering it through limewater to remove carbon dioxide, iron filings to absorb corrosive hydrogen sulphide and calcium chloride to extract water vapour after the other two processes.
		The central part of an anaerobic biogas plant is an enclosed tank known as the digester.
		Biogas plants constructed above ground must be made of steel to withstand the pressure within, and it is generally simpler and cheaper to build the digester below ground.
	www.habmigern2003.info /biogas/methane-digester.html (2531 words)

	Alternative Fuels - Biogas
		Biogas is a renewable alternative fuel, which is produced by breaking down organic matter by a process of microbiological activity.
		It is generally accepted that Biogas gives an average of 95% carbon dioxide reduction (well to wheel) in comparison to diesel, as well as 80% lower nitrous oxide emissions.
		It can also be argued that the use of biogas creates a carbon reduction of greater than 100% as the organic matter would have naturally put methane, a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere.
	www.est.org.uk /fleet/Vehicles/Alternativefuels/Biogas (555 words)

	biogas.htm1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biogas has provided an economically viable and sustainable means of meeting the thermal energy needs in China (7.5 million), India (3 million) and Nepal, where over 37 000 biogas digesters were installed from 1992 to 1998.
		The biogas is assumed to be produced on a sustainable basis, and therefore the CO associated with biogas consumption is reabsorbed in the growth of fodder and foodstuffs.
		At 21% biogas use, this equates to 561 000 households which, in turn, equates to 2,4 MT/year CO The impact of methane gas on global warming has been reported as being far in excess of that of carbon dioxide.
	www.solarengineering.co.za /biogas_htm1.htm (1106 words)

	ARTI - ARTI Biogas Plant: A compact digester for producing biogas from food waste
		Most biogas plants which are currently in operation in India and elsewhere are designed for animal manure as their main feedstock, and are therefore used in rural areas.
		Biogas systems are those that take organic material (feedstock) into an air-tight tank, where bacteria break down the material and release biogas – a mixture of mainly methane with some carbon dioxide.
		A single plant produces sufficient biogas to at least halve the use of LPG or kerosene for cooking in a household, as well as a small amount of solid residue which can be used as fertiliser.
	www.arti-india.org /content/view/45/40 (1588 words)

	Biogas Bonanza for Third World Development
		Biogas, a by-product of farmyard waste-treatment, has emerged as a major boon for Third World countries, bringing health, social, environmental, and financial benefits Dr.
		In a report, Biogas in India: A Sustainable Energy Success Story [4], the authors identified women and children as the major beneficiaries of biogas in India, where every year, 200 000 families turn away from the traditional fireplace and have a biogas plant installed to provide energy for cooking and lighting.
		Although biogas digesters have been introduced in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, poor design, lack of maintenance skills and insufficient capacity to deal with the problems meant that only a third of the 5 000 units installed functioned properly [6].
	www.i-sis.org.uk /BiogasBonanza.php (1605 words)

	Biogas for Overseas Volunteers
		Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon-dioxide.
		Biogas is formed by bacteria acting on plant and animal remains in the absence of oxygen.
		Biogas is a biomass fuel which can easily be made by ordinary people in tropical countries.
	www.angelfire.com /mac/egmatthews/biogas/biogas.html (6032 words)

	Biogas
		Biogas can provide a clean, easily controlled source of renewable energy from organic waste materials for a small labour input, replacing firewoood or fossil fuels (which are becoming more expensive as supply falls behind demand).
		Since small scale units can be relatively simple to build and operate biogas should be used directly if possible (for cooking, heating, lighting (pdf) and absorption refrigeration), since both electricity generation and compression of gas (for storage or use in vehicles) use large amounts of energy for a small output of useful energy.
		Basic Biogas provides some introductory material, the Safety page provides some important information, Science Fair Projects and the Poly Digester page give ideas about smaller projects and Anaerobic Digestion gives a bit more detail and information about larger projects.
	www.ees.adelaide.edu.au /pharris/biogas/beginners.html (272 words)

	Biogas Energy Systems
		Biogas Energy Systems' combination of higher energy production and waste management revenue means a superior ROI and greater lifetime revenue stream over other options.
		Biogas Energy uses technology that has been perfected in more than three hundred and fifty digesters over the past decade, with a hundred and fifty more being built each year in Germany.
		It is Biogas Energy's mission to bring this highly efficient, cost effective method of producing clean, renewable, domestic energy to North America, and we look forward to the day when every farm is producing electricity and profiting from their waste.
	www.biogas-energy.com /docs_en/faq.html (790 words)

	SUPERFLEX/
		Biogas is generated if organic materials are allowed to rot in closed, airless tanks at suitable temperatures (20-40¡C).
		Biogas is somewhat lighter than air, and has an ignition temperature of approximately 700¡C (diesel oil 350¡C; petrol and propane about 500¡C).
		The temperature of a biogas flame is 870¡C. One cubic metre of biogas generates 5500 kcal of energy, corresponding to the thermal power of 0.6 litres of diesel fuel.
	www.superflex.net /tools/supergas/biogas.shtml (351 words)

	Energy: Biogas (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The term "biogas" is now used throughout the world rather than "methane gas" to describe the fuel produced through anaerobic fermentation of manures and vegetable matter in digesters.
		Biogas is generally between 40 and 70 percent methane, with the remainder consisting of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and.other trace gases.
		Biogas systems include raw material preparation, digesters, separate gas storage tanks, use of the gas to run engines, and the use of the sludge as fertilizer.
	villageearth.org /atnetwork/atsourcebook/chapters/biogas.htm (3609 words)

	biogas 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		T main conclusion is that the use of biogas in Europe is modest in relation to the raw-material potential, and biogas produces only a very small share of the total energy supply.
		A number of biogas projects, including centralized and decentralized digestion, are already included in some of the national energy programmes as part of renewable energy programmes or as demonstrations programmes.
		It differs from country to country, according to previous experiences with biogas systems, and according to the level of information about biogas, energy and environmental issues There is scepticism concerning large scale projects because of logistic and fear of odour problems and because of large investment costs of the new integrated technologies.
	www.ecop.ucl.ac.be /aebiom/articles/biogas/biogas2.htm (2241 words)

	JuaNguvu: Biogas
		Biogas typically refers to methane produced by the digestion of manure under anaerobic conditions.
		The use of biogas is encouraged because methane burns with a clean flame and produces little pollution.
		Digestion of the manure and other bio waste occurs in a digester, which must be strong enough to withstand the build-up of pressure and must provide anaerobic conditions for the bacteria inside.
	juanguvu.com /biogas (342 words)

	::www.bio-energie.de: Biogas:: (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biogas - a gas mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and small quantities of hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide - is created under air exclusion through the fermentation of organic substances with microorganism assistance.
		Biogas is a gas mixture, consisting of approximately 40 to 75 % methane (CH4), 25 to 60 % carbon dioxide (CO2), and approx.
		In recent years, several hundred biogas plants were taken in operation in Europe, where animal manure and organic wastes from industry and households are fermented.
	www.fnr-server.de /cms35/Biogas.399.0.html (902 words)

	SERC: Biogas Study
		Biogas is a mixture of methane (CH), carbon dioxide (CO), and depending on the feedstock used, trace gases such as nitrogen, ammonia (NH sulfur dioxide (SO), hydrogen sulfide (H2), and hydrogen.
		Biogas is produced when certain bacteria decompose biological matter in an anaerobic (no oxygen is present) environment.
		A digester on such a Humboldt County dairy could produce between 4 million and 6.4 million cubic feet of biogas and 124,000 to 198,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, leading to potential annual avoided electrical costs of $11,100 to $23,800.
	www.humboldt.edu /~serc/biogas.html (1135 words)

	BioGas Recovery
		Biogas or BioMethane is generated from Anaerobic Digesters, Anaerobic Lagoons, Biomass Gasification, Biogas Recovery, BioMethane, Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Landfill Gas to Energy and Methane Gas Recovery.
		As previously stated, Biomethanation is the process of conversion of organic matter in the waste (liquid or solid) to BioMethane (sometimes referred to as "BioGas) and manure by microbial action in the absence of air, known as "anaerobic digestion."
		Conventional digesters such as sludge digesters and anaerobic CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors) have been used for many decades in sewage treatment plants for stabilizing the activated sludge and sewage solids.
	www.cogeneration.net /BioGas_Recovery.htm (3403 words)

	YouTube - BIOGAS ENERGY PROJECT
		Join YouTube for a free account, or log in if you are already a member.
		biogas biofuel biomethane biohydrogen methane hydrogen anaerobic disgester onsite power systems solar wind energy
		Compact digester for producing biogas from food waste
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=CHK_qfjkYg8 (445 words)

	Svensk Biogas » Tekniska Verken
		Svensk Biogas AB:s uppdrag är att vara med och driva marknadsutvecklingen av biogas till fordon framåt.
		Detta gör vi genom att på en regional marknad i Sverige etablera publika tankställen, samt genom att erbjuda internationellt gångbar processutveckling och produktionskoncept för biogas.
		2007-07-05 - Renault Kangoo nu godkänd för biogas
	www.svenskbiogas.se (127 words)

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