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Topic: Biodiesel production

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	UNH Biodiesel Group
		Enough biodiesel to replace all petroleum transportation fuels could be grown in 15,000 square miles, or roughly 12.5 percent of the area of the Sonora desert (note for clarification - I am not advocating putting 15,000 square miles of algae ponds in the Sonora desert.
		When biodiesel's slightly lower energy density and the greater efficiency of the engine running on biodiesel are taken into account, it would need roughly 175 gallons of biodiesel for the same range.
		The UNH Biodiesel Group and a few other groups across the country are working on improving the technology for growing algae and processing it into biodiesel.
	www.unh.edu /p2/biodiesel/article_alge.html (4741 words)

	EU: Biodiesel Industry Expanding Use of Oilseeds
		Biodiesel production in Europe is growing, and is becoming an important part of the European market for rapeseed.
		Biodiesel has a major advantage over petroleum diesel in that it is derived from renewable sources; thus, on a net basis, fewer greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are emitted into the atmosphere.
		Biodiesel has a higher gel point than petroleum diesel and thus it may be more difficult to use in temperate regions in the winter.
	www.fas.usda.gov /pecad2/highlights/2003/09/biodiesel3 (3330 words)

	Biodiesel
		Biodiesel is a fuel derived from vegetable oil or animal fats that can be an additive to or entirely replace conventional petroleum diesel fuel. In the United States, the majority of biodiesel is made from soybean or canola oils, but is also made from waste stream sources such as used cooking oils or animal fats.
		In most cases, biodiesel is mixed with conventional diesel because of the higher cost of biodiesel, engine compatibility issues, and cold weather operating concerns. Common blends are B20, or 20% biodiesel and B2, or 2% biodiesel. The environmental benefits of using biodiesel scales with the percent of biodiesel contained in the blend.
		Production of biodiesel creates approximately 95% less hazardous waste than petroleum diesel production but more than double the amount of non-hazardous waste. Hazardous waste generally comes from chemical products associated with petroleum refining. The majority of non-hazardous waste from biodiesel is attributed to unprocessed plant material from the soybean crushing stage.
	www.ucsusa.org /clean_vehicles/big_rig_cleanup/biodiesel.html (1252 words)

	More Oilseed Production Going Toward Biodiesel
		World production of oilseeds and palm oil is forecast to expand in 2004/05 to 379.1 and 29.84 million metric tons, respectively, up 12 percent and 3 percent from 2003/04.
		Biodiesel production in the European Union continued to expand in 2003.
		In Poland, a draft law to increase consumption of biodiesel is under consideration, and in Lithuania, the construction of its first biodiesel plant is being planned.
	www.fas.usda.gov /pecad2/highlights/2004/07/WorldBiodiesel (1297 words)

	Biodiesel
		Biodiesel (or biofuel) is the name for a variety of ester-based fuels (fatty esters) generally defined as the monoalkyl esters made from vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, canola or hemp oil, or sometimes from animal fats through a simple transesterification process.
		Western European biodiesel production capacity was estimated at about 2 million metric tons per year largely produced through the transesterification process, about one-half thereof in Germany (440,000 and 350,000 MT in France and Italy, respectively).
		The supernatant is biodiesel and contains a mixture of methylated fatty acids and methanol, the catalyst remaining dissolved in the glycerol fraction.
	www.cyberlipid.org /glycer/biodiesel.htm (1303 words)

	Vegetable oil yields, characteristics: Journey to Forever
		But if you live in a hot climate, cloud points won't bother you and the opposite is true: coconut and palm oil, tallow and lard all have higher cetane numbers than the others, and lower Iodine Values.
		Biodiesel made from low-IV oils also has a higher melting point and might only be suitable for use as summer fuel.
		So biodiesel made from hydrogenated oil is less likely to oxidise and polymerise but will have a higher melting point than if it were made from unhydrogenated oil of the same kind.
	journeytoforever.org /biodiesel_yield.html (1918 words)

	Biodiesel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biodiesel is generally more expensive to purchase than petroleum diesel but this differential may diminish due to economies of scale, the rising cost of petroleum and government tax subsidies.
		Biodiesel will degrade natural rubber gaskets and hoses in vehicles (mostly found in vehicles manufactured before 1992), although these tend to wear out naturally and most likely will have already been replaced with Viton which is nonreactive to biodiesel.
		Biodiesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) by approximately 50 % and carbon dioxide by 78 % on a net lifecycle basis because the carbon in biodiesel emissions is recycled from carbon that was already in the atmosphere, rather than being new carbon from petroleum that was sequestered in the earth's crust.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biodiesel (4455 words)

	::: Bio Diesel Technologies ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Soybeans are not a very efficient crop solely for the production of biodiesel, but their common use in the United States for food products has led to soybean biodiesel becoming the primary source for biodiesel in that country.
		Considering only traditional plants and analyzing the amount of biodiesel that can be produced per acre of cultivated land, some have concluded that it is likely that the United States, with one of the highest per capita energy demands of any country, does not have enough arable land to fuel all of the nation's vehicles.
		Biodiesel is becoming of interest to companies interested in commercial scale production as well as the more usual home brew biodiesel user and the user of straight vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil in diesel engines.
	www.biodieseltechnologiesindia.com /biodieselsources.html (1206 words)

	Biodiesel–A Primer
		Biodiesel is made by chemically reacting vegetable oil or animal fat (or combinations of oils and fats) with alcohol (usually nearly pure methanol or 200 proof ethanol) and a catalyst (sodium hydroxide, or lye).
		In addition to unwashed biodiesel, you will need water, and a container about twice the volume of the biodiesel you are washing (you may use the container in which you reacted the biodiesel, but this ties up that container, so you will probably want to use another container).
		Biodiesel can be mixed with heating fuel and used in oil-fired heating equipment, and it can be used in some lamps designed to burn kerosene.
	attra.ncat.org /attra-pub/biodiesel.html (6174 words)

	New Method Simplifies Biodiesel Production
		In biodiesel production, hexane, a colorless, flammable liquid derived from petroleum, is traditionally used to extract the oil from the soybeans.
		Without even accounting for the cost of the soy flakes or soy oil, a gallon of biodiesel produced by their new process was estimated to cost $3.14—versus 38 cents per gallon if produced by the conventional process.
		Haas is exploring use of this new method to produce biodiesel from the lipids in corn co-products from ethanol plants that use corn as a starting material.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/apr05/diesel0405.htm (495 words)

	Biodiesel America Book \| Biodiesel America
		Tickell clearly understands that to illustrate the role biodiesel might play in America’s energy future, it is necessary to shed light on the nation’s historical reliance on petroleum.
		The first scenario assumes that if the biodiesel industry and the petroleum industry continue to cooperate – and if government support stays strong – domestic biodiesel use will continue to ramp up to a production capacity of somewhere between 500 MMgy and 1 billion gallons per year.
		Biodiesel America eventually covers the past, present and future of the U.S. biodiesel industry itself, including the challenges that it now faces.
	www.biodieselamerica.org /biodiesel_america_book (2102 words)

	MPR: Biodiesel production begins in Minnesota
		The era of farm-based diesel fuel production in Minnesota is underway.
		Redwood Falls, Minn. — The production of biodiesel is a groundbreaking idea steeped in agricultural tradition.
		Neese says the heart of the plant's biodiesel production is a simple chemical reaction: Alcohol is mixed with the animal fats.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/2004/01/07_steilm_biodiesel (746 words)

	Biodiesel Logic "Your source for Biodiesel Processors & Biodiesel Equipment"
		Simultaneously we are developing ancillary equipment for use in small to medium scale biodiesel production, such as biodiesel filter systems, W.V.O. dewatering systems, methanol recovery units, biodiesel wash-tank systems, biodiesel settling and storage tanks, inline heaters, and clarifiers.
		Some of the uses for our biodiesel equipment are urban recycling of W.V.O. Farmers and farmer coops wishing to process their own crops into fuel for in-house use, or for sale.
		Biodiesel is made from a renewable resource, i.e., vegetable oil, and that oil can even be waste oil from restaurants.
	www.biodiesellogic.com (585 words)

	Ground-breaking Ceremony for Cargill Biodiesel Production Plant in the Höchst Industrial Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The biodiesel will be produced from crude vegetable oil – predominantly rapeseed oil – that is refined before entering an esterification process together with methanol and one catalyst.
		The biodiesel is then cleaned and the co-product – glycerine – is separated and concentrated.
		To facilitate the supply of raw materials for the biodiesel production Cargill last year announced it was expanding its oilseed crush capacity in Germany and neighbouring countries.
	www.cargill.com /news/news_releases/060329_biodiesel.htm (1085 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Scotland \| Green biodiesel production starts
		Biodiesel requires no changes to the logistics of the fuel supply chain or to vehicle engines.
		An additional environmental benefit is that the use of used cooking oil and animal fats in producing biodiesel creates a demand for previously unwanted products, reducing the amount which has to be treated as waste and ultimately reducing pollution.
		Welcoming the news that production of the green fuel in the UK has started, a Downing Street spokesman said: "The prime minister has frequently stressed his personal commitment to combating global warming and has made climate change one of his two priorities for the UK's presidency of the G8.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/scotland/4409369.stm (587 words)

	Biodiesel Production Gets Simplified with New Method / April 12, 2005 / News from the USDA Agricultural Research Service
		Hexane, a colorless, flammable liquid derived from petroleum, is traditionally used to extract vegetable oil triglycerides from the raw agricultural material before biodiesel production.
		The researchers are refining their economic model to account for income from the sale of the lipid-free, protein-rich flakes left over from the biodiesel reaction for use as animal feeds, and to account for differences in the cost of the refined oil and flaked soybean feedstocks.
		ARS has filed a patent application on the process, which might be useful in producing biodiesel from lipids remaining in the corn meal byproduct of corn-to-ethanol plants.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/pr/2005/050412.htm (349 words)

	Biodiesel
		Biodiesel is a replacement for petroleum diesel that can be used in virtually any diesel engine without modification.
		Biodiesel is produced from a variety of domestically available, renewable sources including vegetable oil, recycled cooking oil and animal fats.
		In addition, the development of the biodiesel oil seed industry and on-farm energy production can ultimately mean the difference between having a viable farm operation or having to sell the family farm.
	www.sccd.org /biodiesel (591 words)

	Green Car Congress: Microreactor for Distributed Production of Biodiesel
		Chemical engineering researchers at Oregon State University have developed a microreactor for biodiesel production that promises to be efficient, fast and portable, and are looking for commercialization partners.
		Conventional biodiesel production methods involve dissolving a catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide, in alcohol, then agitating the alcohol mixture with vegetable oil in large vats for two hours.
		Biodiesel production from microreactor is applicable in Laboratory scale.
	www.greencarcongress.com /2006/02/microreactor_fo.html (750 words)

	Make your own biodiesel: Journey to Forever
		Biodiesel is a clean, safe, ready-to-use, alternative fuel, whereas it's fair to say that many SVO systems are still experimental and need further development.
		Biodieselers will be paying $300-360 for their fuel, while a good processor can be set up for around $100 up.
		The biodiesel varies somewhat in colour according to the oil used (and so does the by-product layer at the bottom) but usually it's pale and yellowish (used-oil biodiesel can be darker and more amber).
	journeytoforever.org /biodiesel_make.html (8517 words)

	Biodiesel
		The biodiesel industry is changing at such an intense rate that monitoring the ever-changing dynamics of the industry is virtually impossible. Determining the current or future capacity of the industry or the future demand for product is also virtually impossible.
		Biodiesel predominantly derived from soybean oil is not a unique concept; in fact, the first diesel engines by Rudolph Diesel in the 1890s were designed to run on refined vegetable oils.
		Biodiesel Attributes and Consideration for Use, Ag Environmental Products, L.L.C. Co-generation Using Wind and Biodiesel-Powered Generators - Department of Applied Economics, College of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota.
	www.agmrc.org /agmrc/commodity/energy/biodiesel (762 words)

	New Rules Project - Agriculture - Ethanol and Biodiesel Production - Small Scale
		Biodiesel is a fuel additive derived from animal fats or plant oil, typically soybeans.
		Proponents of the biodiesel requirement argue it would be a boon for the state's farmers and improve the state's use of alternative fuels.
		Targeted at increasing homegrown production of ethanol and biodiesel, the five-year incentive programs provide grants to producers that are at least fifty-one percent owned by agricultural producers actively engaged in agricultural production for commercial purposes in the state.
	www.newrules.org /agri/smalleth.html (996 words)

	gizmag Article: Microreactor for biodiesel production
		Current biodiesel production methods involve dissolving a catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide, in alcohol, then agitating the alcohol mixture with vegetable oil in large vats for two hours.
		Although the amount of biodiesel produced from a single microreactor is a trickle, the reactors can be connected and stacked in banks to dramatically increase production.
		Using microreactors, biodiesel could be produced between 10 and 100 times faster than traditional methods, said Jovanovic, who is also developing a method for coating the microchannels with a non-toxic metallic catalyst.
	www.gizmag.com /go/5544 (841 words)

	Transesterification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Biodiesel production skids are factory tested before shipment.
		Biodiesel production units meet all applicable construction standards including UL and ASTM codes.
		Your plant is certified to meet biodiesel quality standards and your staff is certified to operate the plant.
	www.biodieselprocess.com (330 words)

	News & Features: Off-the-Grid: Biodiesel Production
		• Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel that is produced from domestic, renewable resources.
		• Biodiesel is made by means of a chemical process called transesterification, which involves separating glycerin from vegetable oil.
		"Biodiesel doesn't release sulfur oxides into the air, and it cuts down on the particulate matter released by diesel engines," he says.
	www.oberlin.edu /news-info/04mar/bioDiesel.html (981 words)

	Biodiesel Technologies, Inc. - your alternative fuel!
		Biodiesel Technologies, Inc. (“BT”) is a technology company that has developed a unique continuous flow process for the production of biodiesel.
		BT is now moving forward developing production units with production capacities of 3 million gallons per year.
		Biodiesel is becoming an important and viable alternative to fossil fuels…
	www.biodiesel-technologies.com /index.htm (183 words)

	Improving Biodiesel Production at After Gutenberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Since soybean oil, which is the feedstock for biodiesel production, is the primary product of the process, the co-product is the soy meal.
		Reportedly, Biodiesel production in Indiana is rapidly increasing because the price of soybeans have become relatively cheap compared when compared with markets in other grain-producing regions in the Midwest, plus the demand for fuel in Eastern states is increasing.
		While biodiesel has yet to become cost competitive with petroleum diesel in Europe without subsidies or tax incentives, production has continued to increase significantly.
	jcwinnie.biz /wordpress/?p=1668 (1041 words)

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