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Topic: Biodiversity and evolution

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	CPBR - Program A
		In this context, the aim of the Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research is to contribute to innovative basic and applied systematic research, botanical teaching, conservation, the maintenance of plant diversity, and to produce tangible and acknowledged results to improve management of the environment.
		However, it is feared, that because of the complex manner of dispersal of the family, and the subsequent recombination of various branches of the family, most of the currently popular algorithms will not be adequate for the task, irrespective of the types of data accumulated, e.g.
		The biodiversity of much of the Australasian region is dominated by the largely southern hemisphere family Myrtaceae.
	www.anbg.gov.au /cpbr/program/ua2001 (4040 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Biodiversity is often a measure of the health of biological systems to indicate the degree to which the aggregate of historical species are viable versus extinct.
		For geneticists, biodiversity is the diversity of genes and organisms.
		Biodiversity researcher Sean Nee, writing in the 24 June 2004 edition of Nature, points out that the vast majority of Earth's biodiversity is microbial, and that contemporary biodiversity physics molecular dene is "firmly fixated on the visible world" (Nee uses "visible" as a synonym for macroscopic).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/biodiversity (492 words)

	[No title]
		Biological diversity - or biodiversity - is the term given to the variety of life on Earth and the natural patterns it forms.
		The biodiversity we see today is the fruit of billions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes and, increasingly, by the influence of humans.
		Yet another aspect of biodiversity is the variety of ecosystems such as those that occur in deserts, forests, wetlands, mountains, lakes, rivers, and agricultural landscapes.
	www.biodiv.org /doc/publications/guide.asp (403 words)

	Biodiversity - MSN Encarta
		Biodiversity or Biological Diversity, sum of all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and microbial organisms living on Earth and the variety of habitats in which they live.
		Each species is adapted to its unique niche in the environment, from the peaks of mountains to the depths of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and from polar ice caps to tropical rain forests.
		Scientists around the world are cataloging and studying global biodiversity in hopes that they might better understand it, or at least slow the rate of loss.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579557/Biodiversity.html (1421 words)

	Biodiversity and evolution
		Biodiversity found on Earth today is the result of 4 billion years of evolution.
		The history of biodiversity during the Phanerozoic (the last 540 million years), starts with rapid growth during the Cambrian explosion—a period during which nearly every phylum of multicellular organisms first appeared.
		The apparent biodiversity shown in the fossil record suggests that the last few million years include the period of greatest biodiversity in the Earth's history.
	encycl.opentopia.com /term/Biodiversity_and_evolution (511 words)

	Biodiversity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Biodiversity may be a catch-all for various aspects of conservation, but the fresh perspectives arising from recognition of "biodiversity" suggest possible unifying concepts.
		Biodiversity is seen by many as a symbol for our lack of knowledge about the components of life's variation, and their importance to mankind (see Takacs 1996).
		The perspective that biodiversity reflects option and intrinsic values, to be balanced with other values, appears to be compatible with the broader discipline of conservation biology: "the field is rooted in a philosophy of stewardship rather than one of utilitarianism or consumption.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/biodiversity (7541 words)

	Evolution: Glossary
		concerted evolution: The tendency of the different genes in a gene family to evolve in concert; that is, each gene locus in the family comes to have the same genetic variant.
		evolution: Darwin defined this term as "descent with modification." It is the change in a lineage of populations between generations.
		In general terms, biological evolution is the process of change by which new species develop from preexisting species over time; in genetic terms, evolution can be defined as any change in the frequency of alleles in populations of organisms from generation to generation.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/glossary (13292 words)

	Biodiversity and Conservation
		However, the concentration of biodiversity in such places as deserts is overshadowed by the rich plant and animal diversity found in tropical rainforests, such as those of South America or Indonesia.
		This lead to the conclusion that the biodiversity concentration is lessened in the desert, as the majority of species are all similar to one another.
		In general, conservation of biodiversity refers to human efforts to correct, reverse, prevent, or discontinue activities that are causing declines in biodiversity, i.e.
	www.livingunderworld.org /biodiversity (1886 words)

	Darwin Online Educator's Guide \| Museum of Science, Boston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Broad Concept: Evolution and biodiversity are the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments.
		Evolution is a series of changes, some gradual and some sporadic, that account for the present form and function of objects, organisms, and natural and designed systems.
		Although evolution is most commonly associated with the biological theory explaining the process of organisms' descent with modification from common ancestors, evolution also describes changes in the universe.
	www.mos.org /darwinguide/prepare.html (382 words)

	Knowing Agricultural Biodiversity
		The understanding of agricultural biodiversity has developed during the last three decades from the recognition of the importance of genetic diversity, particularly for crops, and an emphasis on the ex situ approach in the 1970s to the adoption of the in situ approach in the 1990s and now to the development of the agro-ecosystem approach.
		So, agricultural biodiversity is not only the result of human activity but human life is dependent on it not just for the immediate provision of food and other goods, but for the maintenance of areas of land that will sustain production and for the maintenance of the wider environment.
		The need for incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of agricultural biodiversity is based on the premise that those resources are a valuable asset for present and future generations and that their preservation is essential for human economic development and is also important for social and cultural benefits.
	www.ukabc.org /knowagbiod.htm (6364 words)

	BBB: Evolution
		Biodiversity -– the incredible and varied life forms that occupy our planet Earth is all around us, everywhere and everyday – is has been taken as the starting point of a programme that focuses mainly on evolution.
		The best known scientific explanation for biodiversity is Darwin’s theory of natural selection, and the fundamental aspects and implications of the theory are discussed step by step.
		The programme concludes with a section on the significance of, and threats to, biodiversity and the relationship between evolution and conservation.
	www.science.uva.nl /research/amstel/dws/BBB/index.php?PageName=evolution (283 words)

	Tropics source of much of world's biodiversity
		The tropics are the source of a majority of the planet's biodiversity, according to a new study, underscoring the need to preserve tropical forests, reefs and other ecosystems around the world.
		An alternative theory held that origination rates are similar at all latitudes, but extinction rates are higher in the north, making the tropics a "museum" of older species compared to the poles.
		This biodiversity gradient has been characteristic of the Earth for at least the past 250 million years.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-10/uoc--tso100206.php (976 words)

	Three simple facts of Biodiversity Conservation
		Nowedays the term 'biodiversity' is a catchword for the total diversity or variability of life on the planet Earth.
		Therefore, the alarming conclusion must be that this new strategy on the conservation of biodiversity -- embodied in the Convention of Biodiversity -- isn't efficacious for the sustained protection of biodiversity.
		In my opinion at least the "biodiversity hotspots" of the planet Earth should be left untouched at any time and at any costs.
	home.wanadoo.nl /devalk/opinion06.htm (3102 words)

	ScienceDaily: Biodiversity Articles
		A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction.
		Conservation biology is the protection and management of biodiversity that uses principles and experiences from the biological sciences, from natural resource management, and from the social sciences,...
		The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography is a theory and the title of a monograph by ecologist Stephen Hubbell.
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/earth_climate/biodiversity (563 words)

	Biodiversity and evolution
		The mission of the Graduate Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolution is to train modern scientist.
		Palaeontology, Geobiology, Biodiversity, Evolution of the Earth: The Panda's Thumb is the virtual pub of the University of Ediacara.
		With direct observation or manipulation of biodiversity evolution rarely being feasible, mathematical models are playing a key role in characterizing the ecological, evolutionary, and...
	www.buero-service-gl.de /89232-biodiversityandevolution (231 words)

	Special Report on Evolution - New Scientist
		Today evolution is the unifying force in modern biology; it ties together fields as disparate as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology.
		The second is that this evolution is driven by a process of natural selection or the - "survival of the fittest".
		Evolution has never made a lion or wolf the size of an elephant because such a "super-carnivore" would not be able to run fast enough to catch its dinner
	www.newscientist.com /channel/life/evolution (1663 words)

	[No title]
		They consider Darwin's ideas about evolution and natural selection false, or unnecessary, or unfounded, or in conflict with their religious beliefs.
		One popular experimental approach, for example, is to carry out site-directed mutagenesis where specific amino acids within a protein are altered, and then to examine the effects of these changes on protein characteristics.
		Rhodopsin sequences from five basally diverging taxa that were recent additions to GenBank were added to the data set: sea lamprey, Conger eel, Anguilla eel, skate, and Myripristis berndti, a holocentrid marine fish (table 1).
	www.lycos.com /info/evolution-complex-system--species.html?page=3 (360 words)

	EVOLUTION AND BI0DIVERSITY IN CALIFORNIA
		The diversity of climates and landscapes, and all the barriers to migrations such as rivers, mountains, and deserts, have led over thousands of years to the evolution of a large number of isolated species and varieties of animals, many of which are found only here.
		This legacy of organic evolution is the basis and foundation of Earth's wealth.
		An understanding of ecology, the study of ecosystems - the interrelationships between biotic communities and their physical environments - is basic to effective conservation.
	ceres.ca.gov /ceres/calweb/biodiversity/evolution.html (508 words)

	[Schloss Rosenstein und Museum am Löwentor] [Science] [Zoology] [Dr. Ronald Fricke]
		Biodiversity, zoogeography and evolution of Indo-Pacific marine fishes (R. Fricke, in collaboration with numerous international institutions)
		Biodiversity of central European freshwater and marine fishes (R. Fricke, in collaboration with national and international institutions):
		Biodiversity and evolution of reefs and associated ecosystems (R. Böttcher, G. Dietl, R. Fricke, H.-J. Niederhöfer):
	www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de /stuttgart/forschung/index.php?path=en/zoologie/Fricke/projekte&print=1 (313 words)

	HAPPY BIRTHDAY: 80 Years of Watching the Evolutionary Scenery -- Mayr 305 (5680): 46 -- Science
		And after I had entered university, no one raised any questions about evolution, either in my medical curriculum or in my preparations for the Ph.D. Those who were unable to adopt creation as a plausible solution for biological diversity concluded that evolution was the only rational explanation for the living world.
		Their interpretation of small mutations and gradual evolution was completely compatible with the theories of the naturalists.
		Although unaware of the solution to the problem of gradual adaptive evolution, they had solved the open problems of the evolution of biodiversity through the contributions of the European naturalists Wagner, Jordan, Poulton, Stresemann, and Chetverikov.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/305/5680/46 (2393 words)

	Phylogeny, biodiversity and character evolution of Odonata
		The primary objective of this research is to investigate the phylogenetic relationships among selected Odonata using morphological data (these will be supplemented by sequence data obtained by several collaborators) and to use this information to assess the evolution of their behavioral and ecological characteristics.
		Understanding of behavioral and ecological relationships among dragonflies, an important group of predatory insects, is impeded by lack of information on their evolutionary history and pattern of relationships.
		This study will investigate the evolution of two major dragonfly groups in an effort to clarify the evolution and significance of their interactions among themselves and as predators of other insects.
	www.aesir.rutgers.edu /njaes/viewproject.cfm?Project_Number=08190 (634 words)

	Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
		The organizing committee for the SMBE 2008 meeting is pleased to invite you to attend the meeting to be held in Barcelona, June 5-8, 2008.
		You are invited to attend an Arthur M. Sackler colloquium, In the Light of Evolution II: Biodiversity and Extinction, sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences.
		The Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution is an international society that exists to provide facilities for association and communication among molecular evolutionists, and has as one of its primary goals to increase communication between the fields of evolution and molecular biology.
	www.smbe.org (242 words)

	BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH
		The term “biodiversity” is used all too frequently, by biologists and non-biologists alike, as though it had a definite meaning.
		The biodiversity vector of a community is the list of abundances of its species, taken either in canonical (taxonomic) order or in decreasing order.
		The aim of biodiversity assessment of a community is nothing other than the derivation or determination of its biodiversity vector by making inferences from samples of the community.
	www.csd.uwo.ca /faculty/akd/environment (3578 words)

	Evolution Library: Topic Page
		The extensive evidence in support of both fact and theory of evolution comes primarily from studies of the fossil record, molecular sequences, and comparative anatomy.
		In addition, he discusses the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem's ability to adapt to environmental change.
		This video for high school students focuses on one of the several lines of evidence for evolution -- fossils, highlighting the evolution of whales from land-dwelling mammals to the aquatic creatures we know today.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/04 (2237 words)

	World Atlas of Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The World Atlas of Biodiversity is an updated edition of Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources, originally published in 1992 and reissued in 2000 as Global Biodiversity: Earth's living resources in the 21st Century.
		World Atlas of Biodiversity addresses the remarkable growth in concern at all levels for living things and the environment, and increased appreciation of the links between the state of ecosystems and the state of humankind.
		Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica: Learning the Lessons in a Seasonal Dry Forest, edited by Gordon W. Frankie, Alfonso Mata, and S. Bradleigh Vinson
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9941.html (814 words)

	ANSP - Systematics & Evolution - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Today, the Center for Systematic Biology and Evolution at the Academy cares for and studies over 17 million specimens of plants and animals, both extant and fossil.
		As libraries that document the past and present species of the world, they yield new opportunities for discoveries that were unanticipated by the scientists who collected them.
		In addition to caring for and expanding the natural history collections, scientists at the Center for Systematic Biology and Evolution are conducting significant research into biodiversity, ecology, evolution, molecular systematics and paleontology.
	www.ansp.org /research/biodiv (260 words)

	PSMBB4-Evolution of Plant Biodiversity
		To be able to illustrate the evolution of biodiversity through case studies.
		Topics will include an introduction to phylogenetic study, the use of phylogenies based on molecular data in the understanding of green plant diversity, the patterns of evolution of flowering plants and in the evolution of some specific traits.
		Patterns of evolution of reproductive traits, photosynthetic type, response to changing climates over time and morphological innovation will be discussed in a genetic and phylogenetic context.
	www.info.rdg.ac.uk /module/0506/LS/PSMBB4.htm (209 words)

	NHBS - PLANT GENOME: BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
		The modern tools of gene and genome analyses, coupled with analysis of finer segments of gene sequences in chromosomes utilizing molecular hybridization, are now applied on a wider scale in different groups of plants, ranging from algae to angiosperms.
		The present series on Plant Genomics: Biodiversity and Evolution aims to cover, in successive volumes, comprehensive reviews, concepts and discussions on the results of genome analysis and their impact on systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of all plant groups.
		Please contact customer.services@nhbs.co.uk about setting up a standing order, or if you would like to be notified when we add new volumes.
	www.nhbs.com /plant_genome_biodiversity_and_evolution_tefno_142052.html (259 words)

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