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Topic: Bioethics of neonatal circumcision

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Medical analysis of circumcision

Circumcision

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	Circumcision - Free net encyclopedia
		Circumcision may be recommended to treat a variety of conditions, such as pathological phimosis, chronic inflammations of the penis and penile cancer.
		Circumcision may be undertaken as a body modification of the genitals to change the looks of the penis to appeal more to certain aesthetics.
		Circumcision is a religious practice traditionally required by Judaism, usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit (or Bris) milah (Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision").
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Circumcision (4907 words)

	Neonatal Circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bioethics of neonatal circumcision - The bioethics of neonatal circumcision are controversial within practicing cultures.
		Sutureless circumcision through the use of surgical glue or bioadhesive compounds is gaining popularity as it contributes to a quicker procedure and a shorter duration and severity of postoperative pain.
		Sutureless circumcision through the use of surgical glue or bioadhesive compounds is gaining popularity as it contributes to a variety of circumcision clamps, such as foreceps or a Gomco clamp.
	ne18.datamocracy.com /neonatalcircumcision.html (977 words)

	Circumcision - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Female circumcision is a term applied to a variety of procedures performed on the female genitalia, of which only one, the removal of the clitoral hood, is comparable to male circumcision.
		Circumcision is a religious practice traditionally required by Judaism, usually performed in a ceremony called a Brit milah or Bris Milah (Hebrew for "Covenant of circumcision").
		Circumcision may be recommended in cases such as phimosis (a very tight foreskin), or posthitis (an inflamed foreskin), for which it is an effective treatment.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=6783 (3078 words)

	The Bioethics of the Circumcision of Male Children
		Circumcision is a cruel and degrading treatment because it degrades the appearance and function of the male sex organ by removing large amounts of healthy functional protective erogenous tissue.
		A male neonatal circumcision is neither a diagnostic procedure nor a treatment of a disease.
		Circumcision of male infants fails the test of proportionality because the non-existent therapeutic benefit is overbalanced by the certainty of permanent injury to the penis, to loss of protective, immunological, mechanical, sensory, erogenous, and sexual functions, as well as the risk to health and life inherent in every circumcision.
	www.cirp.org /library/ethics (2604 words)

	Circumcision - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Aboriginal circumcision ceremonies, which also constitute a rite of passage, are noted for their painful nature, including subincision for some tribes in the Western Desert [17].
		[20] Circumcision advocates assert that circumcision is a significant public health measure, preventing infections, and possibly slowing down the spread of AIDS, while the genital integrity movement asserts that infant circumcision is a human rights violation and a sexual assault, and that the practice of circumcising infants or children should be discouraged or banned.
		Although it is difficult to determine historical circumcision rates, one estimate[96] of infant circumcision rates in the United States holds that 30% of newborn American boys were being circumcised in 1900, 55% in 1925, and 72% in 1950.
	www.wiki-mirror.us /index.php/Circumcision (5440 words)

	Between prophylaxis and child abuse: the ethics of neonatal male circumcision. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Opponents of circumcision, for instance, have noted that the incidence of penile cancer in the United States, where the vast majority of males are circumcised, is higher (0.9â“1.0 per 100,000 males) than in Denmark (0.82 per 100,000 males) where circumcision is extremely uncommon (Denniston 1999).
		Opposition to circumcision of even a consenting adult is a conceivable view, but it is not one we have heard expressed.
		Opponents of circumcision typically do not distinguish between the different forms of the disease, and when they do, they do not provide primary data to show that the more severe forms occur in equal or greater degrees in those who are neonatally circumcised.
	www.circs.org /library/benatar2/index.html (8700 words)

	Bioethics of neonatal circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Denniston, the president of Doctors Opposing Circumcision, commented in a letter (2002) to the president of the AAP, that the 1999 Circumcision Policy Statement is in "direct conflict" with general principles of pediatric bioethics that had previously been published by the Committee on Bioethics.
		On the Other hand opponents of non-therapeutic circumcision argue that advocating circumcision to prevent HIV may detract from efforts to promote more effective means to protect the spread of the virus through sex such as the use of a condom.
		Moreover, they further that circumcising a child strictly to protect him from HIV infection may be seen as permission, or even entitlement, by the child later in life to engage in dangerous sexual practices.
	bioethics-of-neonatal-circumcision.mindbit.com (1946 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Circumcision as a therapeutic medical procedure may be recommended to treat a variety of conditions, such as pathological phimosis, chronic inflammations of the penis and penile cancer.
		Circumcision is part of the initiation rite in a number of African and Australian Aboriginal tribal traditions.
		In the USA, most neonatal circumcisions are performed without anaesthesia.19 It is now known, that circumcised infants do not forget the pain during circumcision easily, as a correlation between circumcision and intensity of pain response during vaccination months later could be established.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/circumcision (4946 words)

	Routine Neonatal Circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Highlights of the human form, circumcision was a feature compilation released to theaters in 1959 that collected many of their most well-loved routines.
		By the second century, circumcision was a feature compilation released to theaters in 1959 that collected many of their most well-loved routines.
		By the second century, circumcision was a mutilation of a previously perfectly shaped organ.
	sy39.datamocracy.com /routineneonatalcircumcision.html (1310 words)

	JME -- eLetters for Fox and Thomson, 31 (8) 463-469
		As a circumcised WASP female, born and raised in Kansas, I can assure you that clitoridectomy indeed reduces female sexual pleasure and is unjustifiable, but circumcision of the male also detrimentally impacts not only male but female sexual pleasure as well.
		Male circumcision would be ethical and appropriate only in cases of severe preputial lichen sclerosus which do not respond to conservative treatment; or in rare cases where the prepuce is irredeemably damaged due to necrosis or malignancy.
		Fox and Thomson's critique of infant male circumcision and the BMA's updated guidance to doctors rightly focuses on the "harm/benefit assessment which lies at the heart of the male circumcision debate." A common error made by circumcision proponents is that the benefits and harms are so equally balanced that it's a toss up.
	jme.bmj.com /cgi/eletters/31/8/463 (6843 words)

	Birthing Care Providers Genital Integrity Resources
		Circumcision is known to interfere with breastfeeding and mother/child bonding.
		Circumcision is elective surgery and you have a choice of whether or not to have your baby circumcised.
		Circumcision is as painful a procedure to a newborn as it is to an adult.
	www.icgi.org /birth_care_providers.htm (1279 words)

	Circumcision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Circumcision is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Male circumcision is performed for religious or social reasons or as medical treatment (for phimosis, for example).
		Female circumcision is not part of mainstream Islam on an international scale, but is performed by Muslims and non-Muslims alike across East Africa and the Nile Valley, as well as parts of the Arabian peninsula and Southeast Asia.
	www.globaloneness.com /circumcision (904 words)

	Bioethics of neonatal circumcision - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Within societies that practice neonatal circumcision, it is well accepted that the decision on circumcision must be made by the child's caregiver.
		Our position is that all children should be protected from all forms of genital mutilation (circumcision of all types) including but not limited to, circumcision that doesn't affect sexual function or that may be viewed by others as sexual enhancement surgery.
		At a conference on genital integrity in Australia, organised by the organisation NOCIRC, Gregory J. Boyle, of Bond University, Queensland, stated that "Male circumcision is tantamount to sexual assault".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bioethics_of_neonatal_circumcision (2049 words)

	Circumcision
		According to U.S. News and World Report, "Attitudes are changing and neonatal circumcision rates have dropped steadily during the past three decades from 90 percent to 64 percent."[93] On the West Coast, hospital circumcision rates are already down to 34%.[94] Circumcision still, however, remains the most commonly performed surgery in the country.
		One reason that circumcision may be so popular in the United States is that it is estimated to be a $400 million business.
		Would the circumcised babies be so traumatized by their circumcision that they would show a stronger pain response to the injections?
	www.respectyourman.org /circumcision.asp (1024 words)

	Neonatal Circumcision : Gourt
		BabyCenter - Find out what circumcision involves, what the health benefits and risks are, and other things to consider when you're deciding whether to have it done.
		Medicinenet: Circumcision The Surgical Procedure - Facts outlining the surgery, contraindications, pain, and complications.
		Pediatrics: A Trade-off Analysis of Routine Newborn Circumcision - Study conducted on the risks and benefits of newborn circumcision.
	www.gourt.com /Health/Child-Health/Neonatal-Circumcision.html (360 words)

	Pain Relief for Neonatal Circumcision: Serious Design Flaws? -- Van Howe; et al. 103 (1): 196 -- Pediatrics
		Butler-O'Hara M, LeMoine C, Guillet R. Analgesia for neonatal circumcision: a randomized controlled trial of EMLA cream versus dorsal penile nerve block.
		Herschel M, Khoshnood B, Ellman C, Maydew N, Mittendorf R Neonatal circumcision: randomized trial of sucrose pacifier for pain control.
		Snellman LW, Stang HJ Prospective evaluation of complications of dorsal penile nerve block for neonatal circumcision.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/103/1/196 (1149 words)

	blog.bioethics.net - the bioethics web log
		The practice came to the attention of the State after it learned of seven cases of neonatal herpes connected to the ritual.
		The circumcised area must be covered with antibiotic ointment and sterile gauze after the procedure.
		The Blog is Funded in part by a grant from The Greenwall Foundation (#5-39182 (8), "Bioethics Education Network"; PI: Glenn McGee)
	blog.bioethics.net /2006/06/rabbis-new-york-state-health.html (518 words)

	National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers
		Welcome to the website of the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers.
		Not one national or international medical association in the world recommends routine circumcision, so please click on Directory for important articles that explain why circumcision is a crucial human rights issue.
		Content ©1989-2006 National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers - all rights reserved
	www.nocirc.org (84 words)

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