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Topic: Biogenetic law

	THE ERRORS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BOOKLET
		In the NAS's booklet, Ernst Haeckel's "biogenetic law," an error which has been widely acknowledged to be invalid and based on a wide-scale deception, is portrayed as evidence for evolution (Science and Creationism, p.
		Haeckel called this so-called theory of "recapitulation" the "biogenetic law," and summed it up in the famous phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." In his The Descent of Man, Darwin portrayed Haeckel's drawings as important evidence in support of his own theory.
		Haeckel's program of using the biogenetic law to search for entire ancestors in the embryonic stages of modern forms was pursued with much hope and fanfare, but led to few positive results and endless wranglings about untestable phylogenetic scenarios - all because the phylogenetic law is basically false.
	www.nationalacademyofsciencesrefuted.com /portraying_distribution_species_evidence_evolution.php (2693 words)

	biogenetic law. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		in biology, a law stating that the earlier stages of embryos of species advanced in the evolutionary process, such as humans, resemble the embryos of ancestral species, such as fish.
		The law refers only to embryonic development and not to adult stages; as development proceeds, the embryos of different species become more and more dissimilar.
		An early form of the law was devised by the 19th-century Estonian zoologist K. von Baer, who observed that embryos resemble the embryos, but not the adults, of other species.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bi/biogenet.html (170 words)

	Pharyngula::Wells and Haeckel's Embryos
		The discoveries that ultimately demolished the underlying premises of the biogenetic law were the principles of genetics and empirical observations of embryos.
		Wells makes much of the fact that the biogenetic law presumes that embryos ought to be most similar at the earliest possible stage of development, yet the period of greatest similarity, the phylotypic stage, occurs well into development, and that the earliest stages exhibit seemingly significant differences.
		That the biogenetic law is false has been the consensus of biologists for over 100 years, and developmental biologists have been working constructively to provide alternative explanations, which have so far all been evolutionary in nature.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/wells_and_haeckels_embryos (5724 words)

	A22
		"Biogenetic Law or Recapitulation Theory was considered by Darwin to be 'second to none' as an evidence of evolution." â”H.M. Morris, W. Boardman and R F. Koontz, Science and Creation (1971), p.
		Moreover, the biogenetic law has become so deeply noted in biological thought that it canned be weeded out in spite of its having been demonstrated to be wrong by numerous subsequent scholars.
		This was known as the `biogenic law' and claimed that embryology was a recapitulation of evolution, or that during its embryonic development an animal recapitulated the evolutionary history of its species." â”*Gavin R. de Beer, Atlas of Evolution (1964), p.
	evolution-facts.org /Appendix/a22.htm (5305 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for biogenetic
		biogenetic law (recapitulation theory) Principle that the stages of embryonic development reflect the stages of an organism's evolutionary development.
		theory, stated as the biogenetic law by E. Haeckel, that the embryological development of the individual repeats the stages in the evolutionary development of the species.
		BioGenetic Announces U.S. Patent Office Approves Superior Cut 2 Patent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=biogenetic (621 words)

	The Biogenetic Law of Ernst Haeckel
		Ernst Haeckel's Biogenetic Law, also called the theory of recapitulation, was put forth in 1866.
		Despite its problems, Haeckel's biogenetic law did help scientists note certain things in embryology that apparently have a very old genesis.
		In addition, when we know the evolutionary history of a species, there is definitely some correspondence with the ontology: for instance, whales, which evolved from land mammals with legs, have embryonic legs that develop, then recede into the vestigial organs they are in adult whales.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/The_Biogenetic_Law_of_Ernst_Haeckel (305 words)

	A22
		"Biogenetic Law or Recapitulation Theory was considered by Darwin to be 'second to none' as an evidence of evolution." —H.M. Morris, W. Boardman and R F. Koontz, Science and Creation (1971), p.
		Moreover, the biogenetic law has become so deeply noted in biological thought that it canned be weeded out in spite of its having been demonstrated to be wrong by numerous subsequent scholars.
		This was known as the `biogenic law' and claimed that embryology was a recapitulation of evolution, or that during its embryonic development an animal recapitulated the evolutionary history of its species." —*Gavin R. de Beer, Atlas of Evolution (1964), p.
	www.godrules.net /evolutioncruncher/a22.htm (5190 words)

	Recapitulation,
		While you may not remember the terms "recapitulation" or "biogenetic law" the chances are very good that you were introduced to the theory in either high school or college.
		While you will likely be taught the biogenetic law in a basic biology class, it is interesting to note that should you progress far enough in the natural sciences you will discover it is not taught in an embryology class.
		Since the biogenetic law "proves" that the human fetus does not reach human form until well after the first trimester, then aborting a fetus within its first 3 months of development is the equivalent of killing a frog or a fish.
	members.aol.com /dklatch/Csfiles/recapitu.html (1177 words)

	Is the Human Embryo Essentially a Fish with Gills? by David Menton
		Like most students of biology, I was required to memorize the "biogenetic law" which states that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." This means that the developing embryo (ontogeny) of each vertebrate species retraces (recapitulates) its evolutionary history (phylogeny).
		The "biogenetic law" was first promulgated in the late 1800's by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel, a committed disciple of Darwin.
		Evolutionists themselves have conceded that the biogenetic "law" has become so deeply rooted in evolutionary dogma that it cannot be weeded out.
	www.gennet.org /Metro06.htm (1065 words)

	CRSQ Abstracts, Volume 37, Number 2
		Called the biogenetic law, this belief concluded that all embryos always rapidly pass through their evolutionary history, starting with the one cell stage, then in the case of humans developing into the fish stage, the reptile stage, the mammal stage, ape stage, and finally into a human-child stage.
		This paper also reviews many of the biogenetic law claims commonly used in pre 1960’s textbooks including the gill slits, tail, and yolk sac.
		Recent discoveries in the field of embryology and a reevaluation of the evidence for the theory has shown it is without foundation and now largely has been discarded by embryologists.
	www.creationresearch.org /crsq/abstracts/sum37_2.html (454 words)

	References and Notes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was known as the `biogenetic law' and claimed that embryology was a recapitulation of evolution, or that during its embryonic development an animal recapitulated the evolutionary history of its species." Gavin R. deBeer, An Atlas of Evolution (New York: Nelson, 1964), p.
		Haeckel, who in 1868 advanced this "biogenetic law" that was quickly adopted in textbooks and encyclopedias throughout the world, distorted his data.
		The `biogenetic law' as a proof of evolution is valueless." W. Thompson, "Introduction to The Origin of Species," p.
	web.telia.com /~u54804688/citat.htm (730 words)

	CB701.1: Recapitulation theory
		The biogenetic law that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (that is, that the embryological stages of a developing organism follow the organism's evolutionary history) is false, yet embryological stages are still claimed as evidence for evolution.
		Haeckel's biogenetic law was never part of Darwin's theory and was challenged even in his own lifetime.
		Irrespective of biogenetic law, embryological characters are still useful as evidence for evolution (in constructing phylogenies, for example), just as adult characters are.
	www.talkorigins.org /indexcc/CB/CB701_1.html (142 words)

	Jane Maienschein
		Jane Maienschein, “Cell Lineage, Ancestral Reminiscence, and the Biogenetic Law,” JHB 11 (1978): 129-158.
		Biogenetic Law—expresses relation of individual developing organism to ancestral evolutionary past, recapitulation (i.e., ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny).
		Lilly rejected biogenetic law, embryo rarely resembles adult or embryo of lower organism, but because of nearness of evolutionary relationship ontogenies of closely related species often similar.
	www.princeton.edu /~jconley/biology/maienschein.htm (846 words)

	Embryonic Recapitulation
		"The idea that the embryo of a complex animal goes through stages resembling the embryos of its ancestors is called the Biogenetic Law." This "Law", also known as recapitulation theory, (i.e., "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") was formulated in 1866 by Dr. Ernst Haeckel, an early scientific convert to Darwinism.
		The 'biogenetic law' as proof of evolution is valueless."
		On the basis of this law, he reasoned that the embryos of various organisms should look virtually identical early in development, but grow increasingly different over time--reflecting their evolutionary descent from a common ancestor.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/rossuk/recapitu.htm (1024 words)

	Definition of law - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		(3) : the agency of or an agent of established law c : a rule or order that it is advisable or obligatory to observe d : something compatible with or enforceable by established law e :
		implies imposition by a sovereign authority and the obligation of obedience on the part of all subject to that authority law>.
		implies a law enacted by a legislative body .
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/law (414 words)

	Developmental Biology 8e Online: 23.2 Haeckel's Biogenetic Law
		Ernst Haeckel and the Biogenetic Law (An informed opinion)
		In the early 1900s, a fusion of evolution and embryology was wrongly interpreted to support a linear (as opposed to a branched) model of evolution.
		It may not be reproduced in any form without permission from the copyright holder.
	8e.devbio.com /subnode.php?ch=23&id=196 (215 words)

	[No title]
		Von Baer's Law states that structures that are present early in development are widely distributed among animals, while structures that are present late in development are less widely distributed.
		Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) proposed in 1866 the Biogenetic Law.
		The biogenetic law seldom holds true and is not an infallible guide to the evolutionary history of the species.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL246/ch03.doc (1543 words)

	The Sting Online (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Before I describe what the supposed “Law” says, let’s define the word “law.” As part of the American Oxford Dictionary’s definition it includes, “a statement of fact, deduced from observation.” From this we can conclude that the very use of the word “Law” implies that what it refers to is a proven concrete fact.
		In this case the “Law” refers to fetal development, and is often used as a “proof” for evolution in textbooks around the world.
		The reason that The Biogenetic Law still appears in textbooks at taxpayer’s expense even though it is a lie is because the authors of these textbooks, as well as some schools, have an agenda.
	www.thesting.org /display_article.asp?id=2131 (1301 words)

	Embryology and Evolution
		This “law” states that as embryos develop they pass through the various stages attained by their ancestors as they climbed the evolutionary ladder”.
		The ‘biogenetic law’ as a proof of evolution is valueless (pp.
		This is illustrated by Perry, 1952, who seems to have understood that the biogenetic law had been falsified; but when writing his general zoology textbook he appears to have been rather restrained in referring to recapitulation.
	www.creationresearch.org /crsq/articles/36/36_2/embryology.html (2975 words)

	The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: February 1999
		Muller discusses the differences in mammalian early development as being at odds with the biogenetic law, then outlines the processes of palingenesis (recapitulation) and cenogenesis (embryonic adaptation).
		Muller then modifies the biogenetic law, in the context of a conserved body plan by writing: "Therefore, the biogenetic law is valid if it is modified by stating that all vertebrates recapitulate certain embryonic traits of their ancestors--in particular, a common phylotypic stage." I do not find this to be very palatable.
		Recapitulation (aka the biogenetic law) should probably be put to rest, no matter how elaborately phrased or modified.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/postmonth/feb99.html (1289 words)

	DARWINISM-WATCH.com - Responding Evolutionist Propaganda in the Media
		The law of recapitulation was proposed by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in the second half of the 19th century, and was the result of efforts to provide support for the theory of evolution from the embryological development of vertebrates.
		Also known as the biogenetic law, recapitulation maintains that the embryological development of living things repeats the imaginary stages undergone by their alleged evolutionary ancestors, and is summarised as “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.”;
		The striking truth about this so-called “law” is that it was backed up with drawings that were unashamedly fraudulent, and consists of a fantastical fairy tale.
	www.darwinism-watch.com /bbc_2004_12_b.php (1299 words)

	176 RECAPITULATION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Critics of the biogenetic law often cited the frequency of such interpolations as an argument for abandoning the law as useless in practice.
		The biogenetic law, he argued, would attribute the adult similarities to convergent evolution and view the divergent larvae as signs of distinct ancestry; but such a position would be absurd for the many cases of nearly identical adults bearing all the characteristic features of their phylum.
		Giard argued by enumeration to ridicule the biogenetic law, and affirmed that he had adopted his position only as his counter-cases accumulated: "When, about fifteen years ago, I reported the first known cases of poecilogony, the facts appeared rare and exceptional.
	www.sjgarchive.org /library/text/ontogeny/p0176.htm (405 words)

	In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood - 20. Embryology
		This was known as the ‘biogenetic law’ and claimed that embryology was a recapitulation of evolution, or that during its embryonic development an animal recapitulated the evolutionary history of its species.” ; Gavin R. deBeer, An Atlas of Evolution (New York: Nelson, 1964), p. 38.
		Haeckel, who in 1868 advanced this “biogenetic law” that was quickly adopted in textbooks and encyclopedias throughout the world, distorted his data.
		The “biogenetic law” as a proof of evolution is valueless. W. R. Thompson, p. 12.
	www.creationscience.com /onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes21.html (1050 words)

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